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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
at the Sulfur K-Edge:
A New Tool to Investigate the Biochemical Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration</title>
<author><name sortKey="Hackett, Mark J" sort="Hackett, Mark J" uniqKey="Hackett M" first="Mark J." last="Hackett">Mark J. Hackett</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences,<institution>University of Saskatchewan</institution>
, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5E2, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, Shari X0a E" sort="Smith, Shari X0a E" uniqKey="Smith S" first="Shari X0a E." last="Smith">Shari X0a E. Smith</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">College of Pharmacy and Nutrition,<institution>University of Saskatchewan</institution>
, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5C9, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paterson, Phyllis G" sort="Paterson, Phyllis G" uniqKey="Paterson P" first="Phyllis G." last="Paterson">Phyllis G. Paterson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">College of Pharmacy and Nutrition,<institution>University of Saskatchewan</institution>
, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5C9, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nichol, Helen" sort="Nichol, Helen" uniqKey="Nichol H" first="Helen" last="Nichol">Helen Nichol</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology,<institution>University of Saskatchewan</institution>
, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N5E5, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pickering, Ingrid J" sort="Pickering, Ingrid J" uniqKey="Pickering I" first="Ingrid J." last="Pickering">Ingrid J. Pickering</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences,<institution>University of Saskatchewan</institution>
, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5E2, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="George, Graham N" sort="George, Graham N" uniqKey="George G" first="Graham N." last="George">Graham N. George</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences,<institution>University of Saskatchewan</institution>
, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5E2, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">22860187</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3369794</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3369794</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3369794</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1021/cn200097s</idno>
<date when="2012">2012</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000186</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000186</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
at the Sulfur K-Edge:
A New Tool to Investigate the Biochemical Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration</title>
<author><name sortKey="Hackett, Mark J" sort="Hackett, Mark J" uniqKey="Hackett M" first="Mark J." last="Hackett">Mark J. Hackett</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences,<institution>University of Saskatchewan</institution>
, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5E2, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, Shari X0a E" sort="Smith, Shari X0a E" uniqKey="Smith S" first="Shari X0a E." last="Smith">Shari X0a E. Smith</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">College of Pharmacy and Nutrition,<institution>University of Saskatchewan</institution>
, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5C9, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paterson, Phyllis G" sort="Paterson, Phyllis G" uniqKey="Paterson P" first="Phyllis G." last="Paterson">Phyllis G. Paterson</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">College of Pharmacy and Nutrition,<institution>University of Saskatchewan</institution>
, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5C9, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nichol, Helen" sort="Nichol, Helen" uniqKey="Nichol H" first="Helen" last="Nichol">Helen Nichol</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology,<institution>University of Saskatchewan</institution>
, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N5E5, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pickering, Ingrid J" sort="Pickering, Ingrid J" uniqKey="Pickering I" first="Ingrid J." last="Pickering">Ingrid J. Pickering</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences,<institution>University of Saskatchewan</institution>
, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5E2, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="George, Graham N" sort="George, Graham N" uniqKey="George G" first="Graham N." last="George">Graham N. George</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences,<institution>University of Saskatchewan</institution>
, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5E2, Canada</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">ACS Chemical Neuroscience</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1948-7193</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1948-7193</idno>
<imprint><date when="2012">2012</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p content-type="toc-graphic"><graphic xlink:href="cn-2011-00097s_0005" id="ab-tgr1"></graphic>
</p>
<p>Sulfur containing molecules such as thiols, disulfides,
sulfoxides,
sulfonic acids, and sulfates may contribute to neurodegenerative processes.
However, previous study in this field has been limited by the lack
of in situ analytical techniques. This limitation may now be largely
overcome following the development of synchrotron radiation X-ray
absorption spectroscopy at the sulfur K-edge, which has been validated
as a novel tool to investigate and image the speciation of sulfur
in situ. In this investigation, we build the foundation required for
future application of this technique to study and image the speciation
of sulfur in situ within brain tissue. This study has determined the
effect of sample preparation and fixation methods on the speciation
of sulfur in thin sections of rat brain tissue, determined the speciation
of sulfur within specific brain regions (brain stem and cerebellum),
and identified sulfur specific markers of peroxidative stress following
metal catalyzed reactive oxygen species production. X-ray absorption
spectroscopy at the sulfur K-edge is now poised for an exciting new
range of applications to study thiol redox, methionine oxidation,
and the role of taurine and sulfatides during neurodegeneration.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article" xml:lang="EN"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">ACS Chem Neurosci</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">ACS Chem Neurosci</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">cn</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="coden">acncdm</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>ACS Chemical Neuroscience</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1948-7193</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1948-7193</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>American Chemical
Society</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22860187</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3369794</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1021/cn200097s</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
at the Sulfur K-Edge:
A New Tool to Investigate the Biochemical Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" id="ath1"><name><surname>Hackett</surname>
<given-names>Mark J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">†</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="ath2"><name><surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>Shari
E.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">‡</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="ath3"><name><surname>Paterson</surname>
<given-names>Phyllis G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff2" ref-type="aff">‡</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="ath4"><name><surname>Nichol</surname>
<given-names>Helen</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff3" ref-type="aff">§</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="ath5"><name><surname>Pickering</surname>
<given-names>Ingrid J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">†</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes" id="ath6"><name><surname>George</surname>
<given-names>Graham N.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="ath6" ref-type="other">*</xref>
<xref rid="aff1" ref-type="aff">†</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1"><label>†</label>
Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Department of Geological Sciences,<institution>University of Saskatchewan</institution>
, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5E2, Canada</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>‡</label>
College of Pharmacy and Nutrition,<institution>University of Saskatchewan</institution>
, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N5C9, Canada</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>§</label>
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology,<institution>University of Saskatchewan</institution>
, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N5E5, Canada</aff>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><day>21</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>3</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>178</fpage>
<lpage>185</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>07</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>02</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012 American Chemical Society</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>American Chemical Society</copyright-holder>
</permissions>
<abstract><p content-type="toc-graphic"><graphic xlink:href="cn-2011-00097s_0005" id="ab-tgr1"></graphic>
</p>
<p>Sulfur containing molecules such as thiols, disulfides,
sulfoxides,
sulfonic acids, and sulfates may contribute to neurodegenerative processes.
However, previous study in this field has been limited by the lack
of in situ analytical techniques. This limitation may now be largely
overcome following the development of synchrotron radiation X-ray
absorption spectroscopy at the sulfur K-edge, which has been validated
as a novel tool to investigate and image the speciation of sulfur
in situ. In this investigation, we build the foundation required for
future application of this technique to study and image the speciation
of sulfur in situ within brain tissue. This study has determined the
effect of sample preparation and fixation methods on the speciation
of sulfur in thin sections of rat brain tissue, determined the speciation
of sulfur within specific brain regions (brain stem and cerebellum),
and identified sulfur specific markers of peroxidative stress following
metal catalyzed reactive oxygen species production. X-ray absorption
spectroscopy at the sulfur K-edge is now poised for an exciting new
range of applications to study thiol redox, methionine oxidation,
and the role of taurine and sulfatides during neurodegeneration.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Sulfur</kwd>
<kwd>cerebellum</kwd>
<kwd>neurodegeneration</kwd>
<kwd>thiol-redox</kwd>
<kwd>taurine</kwd>
<kwd>XAS</kwd>
</kwd-group>
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</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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