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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The Neural Circuitry of Executive Functions in Healthy Subjects and Parkinson's Disease</title><author><name sortKey="Leh, Sandra E" sort="Leh, Sandra E" uniqKey="Leh S" first="Sandra E" last="Leh">Sandra E. Leh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Division of Brain Imaging and Behaviour—Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute (TWRI), UHN, University of Toronto</institution>, Toronto, ON,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petrides, Michael" sort="Petrides, Michael" uniqKey="Petrides M" first="Michael" last="Petrides">Michael Petrides</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University</institution>, Montreal,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strafella, Antonio P" sort="Strafella, Antonio P" uniqKey="Strafella A" first="Antonio P" last="Strafella">Antonio P. Strafella</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Division of Brain Imaging and Behaviour—Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute (TWRI), UHN, University of Toronto</institution>, Toronto, ON,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto</institution>, Toronto, ON,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>PET Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto</institution>, Toronto, ON,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">19657332</idno><idno type="pmc">3055448</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3055448</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3055448</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/npp.2009.88</idno><date when="2009">2009</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000017</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000017</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The Neural Circuitry of Executive Functions in Healthy Subjects and Parkinson's Disease</title><author><name sortKey="Leh, Sandra E" sort="Leh, Sandra E" uniqKey="Leh S" first="Sandra E" last="Leh">Sandra E. Leh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Division of Brain Imaging and Behaviour—Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute (TWRI), UHN, University of Toronto</institution>, Toronto, ON,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Petrides, Michael" sort="Petrides, Michael" uniqKey="Petrides M" first="Michael" last="Petrides">Michael Petrides</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University</institution>, Montreal,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strafella, Antonio P" sort="Strafella, Antonio P" uniqKey="Strafella A" first="Antonio P" last="Strafella">Antonio P. Strafella</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Division of Brain Imaging and Behaviour—Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute (TWRI), UHN, University of Toronto</institution>, Toronto, ON,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto</institution>, Toronto, ON,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>PET Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto</institution>, Toronto, ON,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Neuropsychopharmacology</title><idno type="ISSN">0893-133X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1740-634X</idno><imprint><date when="2009">2009</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>In our constantly changing environment, we are frequently faced with altered circumstances requiring generation and monitoring of appropriate strategies, when novel plans of action must be formulated and conducted. The abilities that we call upon to respond accurately to novel situations are referred to as ‘executive functions', and are frequently engaged to deal with conditions in which routine activation of behavior would not be sufficient for optimal performance. Here, we summarize important findings that may help us understand executive functions and their underlying neuronal correlates. We focus particularly on observations from imaging technology, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, position emission tomography, diffusion tensor imaging, and transcranial magnetic stimulation, which in the past few years have provided the bulk of information on the neurobiological underpinnings of the executive functions. Further, emphasis will be placed on recent insights from Parkinson's disease (PD), in which the underlying dopaminergic abnormalities have provided new exciting information into basic molecular mechanisms of executive dysfunction, and which may help to disentangle the cortical/subcortical networks involved in executive processes.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Neuropsychopharmacology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Neuropsychopharmacology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0893-133X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1740-634X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">19657332</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3055448</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">npp200988</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/npp.2009.88</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Neuropsychopharmacology Reviews</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The Neural Circuitry of Executive Functions in Healthy Subjects and Parkinson's Disease</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running">Executive functions and prefrontal cortex</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Leh</surname><given-names>Sandra E</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Petrides</surname><given-names>Michael</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Strafella</surname><given-names>Antonio P</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="caf1">*</xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><institution>Division of Brain Imaging and Behaviour—Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute (TWRI), UHN, University of Toronto</institution>, Toronto, ON,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><institution>Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University</institution>, Montreal,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label><institution>Division of Neurology, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto</institution>, Toronto, ON,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label><institution>PET Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), University of Toronto</institution>, Toronto, ON,<country>Canada</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="caf1"><label>*</label><institution>Division of Neurology, CAMH-PET imaging center, Toronto Western Hospital/Research Institute, University of Toronto</institution>, Toronto, ON, <country>Canada</country> M5T2S8. Tel: +416 603 5706, Fax: +416 603 5004, E-mail: <email>antonio.strafella@uhnres.utoronto.ca</email> or <email>antonio.strafella@camhpet.ca</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>01</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>08</month><year>2009</year></pub-date><volume>35</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>70</fpage><lpage>85</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>02</day><month>05</month><year>2009</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2009</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2009</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2010 American College of Neuropsychopharmacology</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2010</copyright-year><copyright-holder>American College of Neuropsychopharmacology</copyright-holder></permissions><abstract><p>In our constantly changing environment, we are frequently faced with altered circumstances requiring generation and monitoring of appropriate strategies, when novel plans of action must be formulated and conducted. The abilities that we call upon to respond accurately to novel situations are referred to as ‘executive functions', and are frequently engaged to deal with conditions in which routine activation of behavior would not be sufficient for optimal performance. Here, we summarize important findings that may help us understand executive functions and their underlying neuronal correlates. We focus particularly on observations from imaging technology, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging, position emission tomography, diffusion tensor imaging, and transcranial magnetic stimulation, which in the past few years have provided the bulk of information on the neurobiological underpinnings of the executive functions. Further, emphasis will be placed on recent insights from Parkinson's disease (PD), in which the underlying dopaminergic abnormalities have provided new exciting information into basic molecular mechanisms of executive dysfunction, and which may help to disentangle the cortical/subcortical networks involved in executive processes.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>executive functions</kwd><kwd>Parkinson's disease</kwd><kwd>PET</kwd><kwd>fMRI</kwd><kwd>neuroimaging</kwd><kwd>dopamine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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