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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Distribution of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 protein in human brain: implications for brain imaging studies</title><author><name sortKey="Tong, Junchao" sort="Tong, Junchao" uniqKey="Tong J" first="Junchao" last="Tong">Junchao Tong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Human Brain Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health</institution>, Toronto, Ontario,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Addiction Imaging Research Group, Vivian M Rakoff PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health</institution>, Toronto, Ontario,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boileau, Isabelle" sort="Boileau, Isabelle" uniqKey="Boileau I" first="Isabelle" last="Boileau">Isabelle Boileau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Addiction Imaging Research Group, Vivian M Rakoff PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health</institution>, Toronto, Ontario,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Furukawa, Yoshiaki" sort="Furukawa, Yoshiaki" uniqKey="Furukawa Y" first="Yoshiaki" last="Furukawa">Yoshiaki Furukawa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Department of Neurology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University and Post Graduate University of Juntendo</institution>, Tokyo,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chang, Li Jan" sort="Chang, Li Jan" uniqKey="Chang L" first="Li-Jan" last="Chang">Li-Jan Chang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Human Brain Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health</institution>, Toronto, Ontario,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, Alan A" sort="Wilson, Alan A" uniqKey="Wilson A" first="Alan A" last="Wilson">Alan A. Wilson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Vivian M Rakoff PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health</institution>, Toronto, Ontario,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Houle, Sylvain" sort="Houle, Sylvain" uniqKey="Houle S" first="Sylvain" last="Houle">Sylvain Houle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Vivian M Rakoff PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health</institution>, Toronto, Ontario,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kish, Stephen J" sort="Kish, Stephen J" uniqKey="Kish S" first="Stephen J" last="Kish">Stephen J. Kish</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Human Brain Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health</institution>, Toronto, Ontario,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Addiction Imaging Research Group, Vivian M Rakoff PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health</institution>, Toronto, Ontario,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">21522164</idno><idno type="pmc">3208151</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3208151</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3208151</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/jcbfm.2011.63</idno><date when="2011">2011</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000009</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000009</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Distribution of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 protein in human brain: implications for brain imaging studies</title><author><name sortKey="Tong, Junchao" sort="Tong, Junchao" uniqKey="Tong J" first="Junchao" last="Tong">Junchao Tong</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Human Brain Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health</institution>, Toronto, Ontario,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Addiction Imaging Research Group, Vivian M Rakoff PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health</institution>, Toronto, Ontario,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boileau, Isabelle" sort="Boileau, Isabelle" uniqKey="Boileau I" first="Isabelle" last="Boileau">Isabelle Boileau</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Addiction Imaging Research Group, Vivian M Rakoff PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health</institution>, Toronto, Ontario,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Furukawa, Yoshiaki" sort="Furukawa, Yoshiaki" uniqKey="Furukawa Y" first="Yoshiaki" last="Furukawa">Yoshiaki Furukawa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Department of Neurology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University and Post Graduate University of Juntendo</institution>, Tokyo,<country>Japan</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chang, Li Jan" sort="Chang, Li Jan" uniqKey="Chang L" first="Li-Jan" last="Chang">Li-Jan Chang</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Human Brain Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health</institution>, Toronto, Ontario,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, Alan A" sort="Wilson, Alan A" uniqKey="Wilson A" first="Alan A" last="Wilson">Alan A. Wilson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Vivian M Rakoff PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health</institution>, Toronto, Ontario,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Houle, Sylvain" sort="Houle, Sylvain" uniqKey="Houle S" first="Sylvain" last="Houle">Sylvain Houle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Vivian M Rakoff PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health</institution>, Toronto, Ontario,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kish, Stephen J" sort="Kish, Stephen J" uniqKey="Kish S" first="Stephen J" last="Kish">Stephen J. Kish</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Human Brain Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health</institution>, Toronto, Ontario,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Addiction Imaging Research Group, Vivian M Rakoff PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health</institution>, Toronto, Ontario,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism</title><idno type="ISSN">0271-678X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1559-7016</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The choice of reference region in positron emission tomography (PET) human brain imaging of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), a marker of striatal dopamine innervation, has been arbitrary, with cerebellar, whole cerebral, frontal, or occipital cortices used. To establish whether levels of VMAT2 are in fact low in these cortical areas, we measured VMAT2 protein distribution by quantitative immunoblotting in autopsied normal human brain (<italic>n</italic>=6). Four or five species of VMAT2 immunoreactivity (75, 55, 52, 45, 35 kDa) were detected, which were all markedly reduced in intensity in nigrostriatal regions of patients with parkinsonian conditions versus matched controls (<italic>n</italic>=9 to 10 each). Using the intact VMAT2 immunoreactivity, cerebellar and cerebral neocortices had levels of the transporter >100-fold lower than the VMAT2-rich striatum and with no significant differences among the cortical regions. We conclude that human cerebellar and cerebral cortices contain negligible VMAT2 protein versus the striatum and, in this respect, all satisfy a criterion for a useful reference region for VMAT2 imaging. The slightly lower PET signal for VMAT2 binding in occipital (the currently preferred reference region) versus cerebellar cortex might not therefore be explained by differences in VMAT2 protein itself but possibly by other imaging variables, for example, partial volume effects.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Cereb Blood Flow Metab</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0271-678X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1559-7016</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21522164</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3208151</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">jcbfm201163</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/jcbfm.2011.63</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Distribution of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 protein in human brain: implications for brain imaging studies</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running">VMAT2 in human brain</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tong</surname><given-names>Junchao</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="caf1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boileau</surname><given-names>Isabelle</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Furukawa</surname><given-names>Yoshiaki</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chang</surname><given-names>Li-Jan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wilson</surname><given-names>Alan A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Houle</surname><given-names>Sylvain</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kish</surname><given-names>Stephen J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><institution>Human Brain Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health</institution>, Toronto, Ontario,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><institution>Addiction Imaging Research Group, Vivian M Rakoff PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health</institution>, Toronto, Ontario,<country>Canada</country></aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label><institution>Department of Neurology, Juntendo Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University and Post Graduate University of Juntendo</institution>, Tokyo,<country>Japan</country></aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label><institution>Vivian M Rakoff PET Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health</institution>, Toronto, Ontario,<country>Canada</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="caf1"><label>*</label><institution>Human Brain Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health</institution>, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, <country>Canada</country> M5T 1R8. E-mail: <email>junchao_tong@camh.net</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>04</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>2065</fpage><lpage>2075</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2010</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>04</day><month>02</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>01</day><month>04</month><year>2011</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2011 International Society for Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, Inc.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year><copyright-holder>International Society for Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, Inc.</copyright-holder></permissions><abstract><p>The choice of reference region in positron emission tomography (PET) human brain imaging of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), a marker of striatal dopamine innervation, has been arbitrary, with cerebellar, whole cerebral, frontal, or occipital cortices used. To establish whether levels of VMAT2 are in fact low in these cortical areas, we measured VMAT2 protein distribution by quantitative immunoblotting in autopsied normal human brain (<italic>n</italic>=6). Four or five species of VMAT2 immunoreactivity (75, 55, 52, 45, 35 kDa) were detected, which were all markedly reduced in intensity in nigrostriatal regions of patients with parkinsonian conditions versus matched controls (<italic>n</italic>=9 to 10 each). Using the intact VMAT2 immunoreactivity, cerebellar and cerebral neocortices had levels of the transporter >100-fold lower than the VMAT2-rich striatum and with no significant differences among the cortical regions. We conclude that human cerebellar and cerebral cortices contain negligible VMAT2 protein versus the striatum and, in this respect, all satisfy a criterion for a useful reference region for VMAT2 imaging. The slightly lower PET signal for VMAT2 binding in occipital (the currently preferred reference region) versus cerebellar cortex might not therefore be explained by differences in VMAT2 protein itself but possibly by other imaging variables, for example, partial volume effects.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>cerebellum</kwd><kwd>occipital cortex</kwd><kwd>positron emission tomography</kwd><kwd>reference region</kwd><kwd>substantia nigra</kwd><kwd>vesicular monoamine transporter 2</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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