La maladie de Parkinson au Canada (serveur d'exploration)

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Effects of subthalamic nucleus stimulation on motor cortex plasticity in Parkinson disease

Identifieur interne : 000315 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000314; suivant : 000316

Effects of subthalamic nucleus stimulation on motor cortex plasticity in Parkinson disease

Auteurs : Sang Jin Kim ; Kaviraja Udupa ; Zhen Ni ; Elena Moro ; Carolyn Gunraj ; Filomena Mazzella ; Andres M. Lozano ; Mojgan Hodaie ; Anthony E. Lang ; Robert Chen

Source :

RBID : PMC:4534071

Abstract

Objective:

We hypothesized that subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) will improve long-term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity in motor cortex in Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods:

We studied 8 patients with PD treated with STN-DBS and 9 age-matched healthy controls. Patients with PD were studied in 4 sessions in medication (Med) OFF/stimulator (Stim) OFF, Med-OFF/Stim-ON, Med-ON/Stim-OFF, and Med-ON/Stim-ON states in random order. Motor evoked potential amplitude and cortical silent period duration were measured at baseline before paired associated stimulation (PAS) and at 3 different time intervals (T0, T30, T60) up to 60 minutes after PAS in the abductor pollicis brevis and abductor digiti minimi muscles.

Results:

Motor evoked potential size significantly increased after PAS in controls (+67.7% of baseline at T30) and in patients in the Med-ON/Stim-ON condition (+55.8% of baseline at T30), but not in patients in the Med-OFF/Stim-OFF (−0.4% of baseline at T30), Med-OFF/Stim-ON (+10.3% of baseline at T30), and Med-ON/Stim-OFF conditions (+17.3% of baseline at T30). Cortical silent period duration increased after PAS in controls but not in patients in all test conditions.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that STN-DBS together with dopaminergic medications restore LTP-like plasticity in motor cortex in PD. Restoration of cortical plasticity may be one of the mechanisms of how STN-DBS produces clinical benefit.


Url:
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000001806
PubMed: 26156511
PubMed Central: 4534071


Affiliations:


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PMC:4534071

Le document en format XML

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<title>Objective:</title>
<p>We hypothesized that subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) will improve long-term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity in motor cortex in Parkinson disease (PD).</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Methods:</title>
<p>We studied 8 patients with PD treated with STN-DBS and 9 age-matched healthy controls. Patients with PD were studied in 4 sessions in medication (Med) OFF/stimulator (Stim) OFF, Med-OFF/Stim-ON, Med-ON/Stim-OFF, and Med-ON/Stim-ON states in random order. Motor evoked potential amplitude and cortical silent period duration were measured at baseline before paired associated stimulation (PAS) and at 3 different time intervals (T0, T30, T60) up to 60 minutes after PAS in the abductor pollicis brevis and abductor digiti minimi muscles.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Results:</title>
<p>Motor evoked potential size significantly increased after PAS in controls (+67.7% of baseline at T30) and in patients in the Med-ON/Stim-ON condition (+55.8% of baseline at T30), but not in patients in the Med-OFF/Stim-OFF (−0.4% of baseline at T30), Med-OFF/Stim-ON (+10.3% of baseline at T30), and Med-ON/Stim-OFF conditions (+17.3% of baseline at T30). Cortical silent period duration increased after PAS in controls but not in patients in all test conditions.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusions:</title>
<p>Our findings suggest that STN-DBS together with dopaminergic medications restore LTP-like plasticity in motor cortex in PD. Restoration of cortical plasticity may be one of the mechanisms of how STN-DBS produces clinical benefit.</p>
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<p>
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<p>NONE</p>
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</list>
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<p>
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<title>Gifts:</title>
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<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
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<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title>
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<p>NONE</p>
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<p>
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<title>Editorial Boards:</title>
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<p>NONE</p>
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<p>
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<title>Patents:</title>
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<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
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<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Publishing Royalties:</title>
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<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
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<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Consultancies:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
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<p>
<list list-type="order">
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<p>NONE</p>
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<title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title>
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<p>NONE</p>
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<p>
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<title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
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<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title>
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<p>NONE</p>
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<p>NONE</p>
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<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title>
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<p>NONE</p>
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<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Legal Proceedings:</title>
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<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
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</contrib>
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<surname>Udupa</surname>
<given-names>Kaviraja</given-names>
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<author-comment content-type="disclosure">
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
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<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Gifts:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
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<title>Editorial Boards:</title>
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<p>NONE</p>
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<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Patents:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
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<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Publishing Royalties:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
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<title>Consultancies:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
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<list list-type="order">
<title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title>
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<p>NONE</p>
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<title>Other Activities:</title>
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<p>NONE</p>
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<p>NONE</p>
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<p>NONE</p>
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<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
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<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
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</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title>
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<p>NONE</p>
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</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
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</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
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<p>
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<p>NONE</p>
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<p>NONE</p>
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<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
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</author-comment>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ni</surname>
<given-names>Zhen</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<author-comment content-type="disclosure">
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title>
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<title>Gifts:</title>
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<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:</title>
<list-item>
<p>Received funding for a trip from Movement Disorder Society (2010) and Dystonia Medical Research Foundation (2011).</p>
</list-item>
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</p>
<p>
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<title>Editorial Boards:</title>
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<title>Patents:</title>
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<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
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</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Publishing Royalties:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
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</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Consultancies:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
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</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
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<p>
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<title>Other Activities:</title>
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<p>NONE</p>
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<p>NONE</p>
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<title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
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<title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
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</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
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</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
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<title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title>
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<p>NONE</p>
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<list list-type="order">
<title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
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</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Legal Proceedings:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
</author-comment>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Moro</surname>
<given-names>Elena</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<author-comment content-type="disclosure">
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Gifts:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:</title>
<list-item>
<p>Medtronic</p>
</list-item>
</list>
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<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Editorial Boards:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
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</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Patents:</title>
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<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
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<title>Publishing Royalties:</title>
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<p>NONE</p>
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</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Consultancies:</title>
<list-item>
<p>Medtronic, education consultant</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Other Activities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>CHU Grenoble</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Legal Proceedings:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
</author-comment>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gunraj</surname>
<given-names>Carolyn</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MSc</degrees>
<author-comment content-type="disclosure">
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Gifts:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Editorial Boards:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Patents:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Publishing Royalties:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title>
<list-item>
<p>Employed by the University Health Network (non-profit) Research Technician 14 years</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Consultancies:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Other Activities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Legal Proceedings:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
</author-comment>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mazzella</surname>
<given-names>Filomena</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>BNSc</degrees>
<author-comment content-type="disclosure">
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Gifts:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Editorial Boards:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Patents:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Publishing Royalties:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Consultancies:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Other Activities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Legal Proceedings:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
</author-comment>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lozano</surname>
<given-names>Andres M.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, FRCSC</degrees>
<author-comment content-type="disclosure">
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title>
<list-item>
<p>Codman Functional Neuroscience</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Gifts:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Editorial Boards:</title>
<list-item>
<p>Brain Stimulation (Deputy Editor) Neurosurgery Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Operative Neurosurgery NeuroRx Surgical Neurology Parkinsonism and Related Disorders Neurobiology of disease (Guest Editor) Neurosurgical focus (Guest Editor) Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery Neurotherapeutics</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Patents:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Publishing Royalties:</title>
<list-item>
<p>1) Lozano AM and Alterman R. Youmans Neurological surgery.Section Editors Functional Neurosurgery. 2011 2) Lozano AM and Hallett M (Eds). Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Brain Stimulation 2013 3) Lozano AM, Kopell B (Eds). Nonpharmacological Therapies for Neurologic Disorders. In: The Journal of the American Society for Experimental Neurotherapeutics. Neurotherapeutics (2014) 11:463?464</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title>
<list-item>
<p>Board of Functional Neuromodulation Inc.</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Consultancies:</title>
<list-item>
<p>Medtronic St-Jude Boston Scientific</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Other Activities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>License fee payments, Technology or Inventions:</title>
<list-item>
<p>Functional Neuroscience</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Legal Proceedings:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
</author-comment>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hodaie</surname>
<given-names>Mojgan</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, FRCSC</degrees>
<author-comment content-type="disclosure">
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Gifts:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:</title>
<list-item>
<p>speaker honorarium, Medtronic(C)</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Editorial Boards:</title>
<list-item>
<p>Academic Editor, PLoS ONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Patents:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Publishing Royalties:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Consultancies:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Other activities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>Previous research funding by Medtronic Research funding by ELEKTA</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Clinical procedures or imaging studies:</title>
<list-item>
<p>Deep brain stimulation surgery</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Legal Proceedings:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
</author-comment>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lang</surname>
<given-names>Anthony E.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, FRCPC</degrees>
<author-comment content-type="disclosure">
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title>
<list-item>
<p>Abbvie, Allon Therapeutics, Avanir Pharmaceuticals, Biogen Idec, Boerhinger-Ingelheim, Ceregene, Lilly, Medtronic, Merck, Novartis, NeuroPhage Pharmaceuticals, Teva and UCB.</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Gifts:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:</title>
<list-item>
<p>Teva, AbbVie, UCB</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Editorial Boards:</title>
<list-item>
<p>Movement Disorders:Clinical Practice Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Patents:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Publishing Royalties:</title>
<list-item>
<p>Schapira A, Lang AE, Fahn S. Movement Disorders 4. Saunders, Elsevier, Philadelphia, PA 2009. Olanow CW, Stocchi F, Lang AE. The Non-motor and Non- Dopaminergic Features of Parkinson?s Disease. Wiley- Blackwell, UK. 2011. Weiner WJ, Shulman LM, Lang AE. Parkinson?s Disease: A Complete Guide for Patients and Families. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. 2001 Receives publishing royalties from Cambridge University Press.</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Consultancies:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Other Activities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>Brain Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research Ontario Brain Institute</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title>
<list-item>
<p>Edmond J Safra Philanthropic Foundation, Michael J. Fox Foundation, National Parkinson Foundation, Parkinson Society Canada, Tourette Syndrome Association, W. Garfield Weston Foundation</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Legal Proceedings:</title>
<list-item>
<p>Has served as an expert witness in cases related to the welding industry.</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
</author-comment>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
<name>
<surname>Chen</surname>
<given-names>Robert</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MBBChir, MSc, FRCPC</degrees>
<author-comment content-type="disclosure">
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Scientific Advisory Boards:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Gifts:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Funding for travel or speaker honoraria:</title>
<list-item>
<p>1)Merz, travel and speaker honoraria, 2) Allergan, travel</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Editorial Boards:</title>
<list-item>
<p>Journal Editorial Board membership Clinical Neurophysiology, Editorial Board member, 2003 ? 2009, 2011- present Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, Editorial Board member, 2005 ? 2007 Muscle and Nerve, Editorial Board member, 2006 ? present Journal of Motor Behavior, Editorial Board member, 2008 ? present Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, Editorial Board member, 2008- present; Editor-in-Chief, 2013- present Neural Plasticity, Reviewing Editor, 2009 ? present Neurology, Editorial Board member, 2010 - present PLOSone, Academic Editor, 2012- present</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Patents:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Publishing Royalties:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Employment, Commercial Entity:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Consultancies:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Speakers' Bureaus:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Other Activities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Commercial Entities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>Medtronic Inc, Research Grant 2014-present Merz, Research Grant 2012-present</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Government Entities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>(1) Canadian Institutes of Health Research, research grant, MOP 62917, PI, 2008-2013 (2) Canadian Institutes of Health Research, research grant,MOP 15128, PI, 2004- 2019 (3, (3) Canadian Institutes of Health Research, research grant,MOP 123396, PI, 2012-2017, (4) Canadian Institutes of Health Research Industry Partnered Award, PI, 2014-2017 (5) Canadian Institutes of Health Research, China-Canada Research Award 2014-2016.</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Academic Entities:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Research Support, Foundations and Societies:</title>
<list-item>
<p>Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research Clinical Intervention, Award 2009-2015, Co-PI and site PI</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Stock/Stock Options/Board of Directors Compensation:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Stock/Stock Options, Research Sponsor:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Stock/Stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:</title>
<list-item>
<p>NONE</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
<p>
<list list-type="order">
<title>Legal Proceedings:</title>
<list-item>
<p>Welding related litigations, gave expert testimony and affidavit, 2007-2012</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
</author-comment>
</contrib>
<aff>From the Division of Neurology (S.J.K., K.U., Z.N., E.M., C.G., F.M., A.E.L., R.C.), University of Toronto, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Toronto; Division of Neurosurgery and Toronto Western Research Institute (A.M.L., M.H.), University Health Network, University of Toronto; Brain & Spinal Cord Rehab Program (F.M.), Toronto Rehab, University Health Network, Canada; Service de Neurologie (E.M.), CHU Grenoble, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France; and Department of Neurology (S.J.K.), Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea.</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp>Correspondence to Dr. Chen:
<email>robert.chen@uhn.ca</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
<p>Go to
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://neurology.org/lookup/doi/10.1212/WNL.0000000000001806">Neurology.org</ext-link>
for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<day>4</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release">
<day>4</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 6 months and 0 days and was based on the . </pmc-comment>
<volume>85</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>425</fpage>
<lpage>432</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>09</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>02</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>© 2015 American Academy of Neurology</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>American Academy of Neurology</copyright-holder>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="NEUROLOGY2014629360.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract>
<sec>
<title>Objective:</title>
<p>We hypothesized that subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) will improve long-term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity in motor cortex in Parkinson disease (PD).</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Methods:</title>
<p>We studied 8 patients with PD treated with STN-DBS and 9 age-matched healthy controls. Patients with PD were studied in 4 sessions in medication (Med) OFF/stimulator (Stim) OFF, Med-OFF/Stim-ON, Med-ON/Stim-OFF, and Med-ON/Stim-ON states in random order. Motor evoked potential amplitude and cortical silent period duration were measured at baseline before paired associated stimulation (PAS) and at 3 different time intervals (T0, T30, T60) up to 60 minutes after PAS in the abductor pollicis brevis and abductor digiti minimi muscles.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Results:</title>
<p>Motor evoked potential size significantly increased after PAS in controls (+67.7% of baseline at T30) and in patients in the Med-ON/Stim-ON condition (+55.8% of baseline at T30), but not in patients in the Med-OFF/Stim-OFF (−0.4% of baseline at T30), Med-OFF/Stim-ON (+10.3% of baseline at T30), and Med-ON/Stim-OFF conditions (+17.3% of baseline at T30). Cortical silent period duration increased after PAS in controls but not in patients in all test conditions.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusions:</title>
<p>Our findings suggest that STN-DBS together with dopaminergic medications restore LTP-like plasticity in motor cortex in PD. Restoration of cortical plasticity may be one of the mechanisms of how STN-DBS produces clinical benefit.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations>
<list></list>
<tree>
<noCountry>
<name sortKey="Chen, Robert" sort="Chen, Robert" uniqKey="Chen R" first="Robert" last="Chen">Robert Chen</name>
<name sortKey="Gunraj, Carolyn" sort="Gunraj, Carolyn" uniqKey="Gunraj C" first="Carolyn" last="Gunraj">Carolyn Gunraj</name>
<name sortKey="Hodaie, Mojgan" sort="Hodaie, Mojgan" uniqKey="Hodaie M" first="Mojgan" last="Hodaie">Mojgan Hodaie</name>
<name sortKey="Kim, Sang Jin" sort="Kim, Sang Jin" uniqKey="Kim S" first="Sang Jin" last="Kim">Sang Jin Kim</name>
<name sortKey="Lang, Anthony E" sort="Lang, Anthony E" uniqKey="Lang A" first="Anthony E." last="Lang">Anthony E. Lang</name>
<name sortKey="Lozano, Andres M" sort="Lozano, Andres M" uniqKey="Lozano A" first="Andres M." last="Lozano">Andres M. Lozano</name>
<name sortKey="Mazzella, Filomena" sort="Mazzella, Filomena" uniqKey="Mazzella F" first="Filomena" last="Mazzella">Filomena Mazzella</name>
<name sortKey="Moro, Elena" sort="Moro, Elena" uniqKey="Moro E" first="Elena" last="Moro">Elena Moro</name>
<name sortKey="Ni, Zhen" sort="Ni, Zhen" uniqKey="Ni Z" first="Zhen" last="Ni">Zhen Ni</name>
<name sortKey="Udupa, Kaviraja" sort="Udupa, Kaviraja" uniqKey="Udupa K" first="Kaviraja" last="Udupa">Kaviraja Udupa</name>
</noCountry>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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