La maladie de Parkinson au Canada (serveur d'exploration)

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Independent and joint effects of the MAPT and SNCA genes in Parkinson's disease

Identifieur interne : 000E38 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000E37; suivant : 000E39

Independent and joint effects of the MAPT and SNCA genes in Parkinson's disease

Auteurs : Alexis Elbaz [France] ; Owen A. Ross [États-Unis] ; John P. A. Ioannidis [Grèce, États-Unis] ; Alexandra I. Soto-Ortolaza [États-Unis] ; Frédéric Moisan [France] ; Jan Aasly [Norvège] ; Grazia Annesi [Italie] ; Maria Bozi [Grèce] ; Laura Brighina [Italie] ; Marie-Christine Chartier-Harlin [France] ; Alain Destée [France] ; Carlo Ferrarese [Italie] ; Alessandro Ferraris [Italie] ; J. Mark Gibson [Irlande (pays)] ; Suzana Gispert [Allemagne] ; Georgios M. Hadjigeorgiou [Grèce] ; Barbara Jasinska-Myga [Pologne] ; Christine Klein [Allemagne] ; Rejko Krüger [Allemagne] ; Jean-Charles Lambert [France] ; Katja Lohmann [Allemagne] ; Simone Van De Loo [Allemagne] ; Marie-Anne Loriot [France] ; Timothy Lynch [Irlande (pays)] ; George D. Mellick [Australie] ; Eugénie Mutez [France] ; Christer Nilsson [Suède] ; Grzegorz Opala [Pologne] ; Andreas Puschmann [Suède] ; Aldo Quattrone [Italie] ; Manu Sharma [Allemagne] ; Peter A. Silburn [Australie] ; Leonidas Stefanis [Grèce] ; Ryan J. Uitti [États-Unis] ; Enza Maria Valente [Italie] ; Carles Vilari O-Güell [États-Unis, Canada] ; Karin Wirdefeldt [Suède] ; Zbigniew K. Wszolek [États-Unis] ; Georgia Xiromerisiou [Grèce] ; Demetrius M. Maraganore [États-Unis] ; Matthew J. Farrer [États-Unis, Canada]

Source :

RBID : PMC:3082599

Abstract

Objective

We studied the independent and joint effects of the genes encoding alpha-synuclein (SNCA) and microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) in Parkinson's disease (PD) as part of a large meta-analysis of individual data from case-control studies participating in the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease (GEO-PD) consortium.

Methods

Participants of Caucasian ancestry were genotyped for a total of four SNCA (rs2583988, rs181489, rs356219, rs11931074) and two MAPT (rs1052553, rs242557) SNPs. Individual and joint effects of SNCA and MAPT SNPs were investigated using fixed- and random-effects logistic regression models. Interactions were studied both on a multiplicative and an additive scale, and using a case-control and case-only approach.

Results

Fifteen GEO-PD sites contributed a total of 5302 cases and 4161 controls. All four SNCA SNPs and the MAPT H1-haplotype defining SNP (rs1052553) displayed a highly significant marginal association with PD at the significance level adjusted for multiple comparisons. For SNCA, the strongest associations were observed for SNPs located at the 3′ end of the gene. There was no evidence of statistical interaction between any of the four SNCA SNPs and rs1052553 or rs242557, neither on the multiplicative nor on the additive scale.

Interpretation

This study confirms the association between PD and both SNCA SNPs and the H1 MAPT haplotype. It shows, based on a variety of approaches, that the joint action of variants in these two loci is consistent with independent effects of the genes without additional interacting effects.


Url:
DOI: 10.1002/ana.22321
PubMed: 21391235
PubMed Central: 3082599

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PMC:3082599

Le document en format XML

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<nlm:aff id="A23"> Université Paris Descartes, F-75005, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea> Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, and Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A27"> Department of Neurology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Department of Neurology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A28"> Neurology Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Neurology Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland</wicri:regionArea>
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<author>
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<nlm:aff id="A10"> Inserm, U837, F-59045, Lille, France</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea> Inserm, U837, F-59045, Lille</wicri:regionArea>
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<wicri:noRegion>59045, Lille</wicri:noRegion>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1">
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<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
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<wicri:noRegion>59000, Lille</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>59000, Lille</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A12"> CHRU, F-59037, Lille, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea> CHRU, F-59037, Lille</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>59037, Lille</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>59037, Lille</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nilsson, Christer" sort="Nilsson, Christer" uniqKey="Nilsson C" first="Christer" last="Nilsson">Christer Nilsson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
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<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Department of Clinical Science, Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Lund University</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Opala, Grzegorz" sort="Opala, Grzegorz" uniqKey="Opala G" first="Grzegorz" last="Opala">Grzegorz Opala</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A18"> Department of Neurology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Department of Neurology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Katowice</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Puschmann, Andreas" sort="Puschmann, Andreas" uniqKey="Puschmann A" first="Andreas" last="Puschmann">Andreas Puschmann</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A29"> Department of Clinical Science, Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Lund University, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Department of Clinical Science, Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Lund University</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lund University</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A30"> Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lund</wicri:noRegion>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Quattrone, Aldo" sort="Quattrone, Aldo" uniqKey="Quattrone A" first="Aldo" last="Quattrone">Aldo Quattrone</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A31"> Institute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, and Neuroimaging Research Unit, National Research Council, Germaneto, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Institute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, and Neuroimaging Research Unit, National Research Council, Germaneto</wicri:regionArea>
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</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sharma, Manu" sort="Sharma, Manu" uniqKey="Sharma M" first="Manu" last="Sharma">Manu Sharma</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A20"> Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Silburn, Peter A" sort="Silburn, Peter A" uniqKey="Silburn P" first="Peter A." last="Silburn">Peter A. Silburn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A26"> National Centre for Adult Stem Cell Research, Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea> National Centre for Adult Stem Cell Research, Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1">
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<wicri:regionArea> Department of Neurology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A28"> Neurology Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea> Neurology Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A32"> School of Medicine and Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea> School of Medicine and Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Stefanis, Leonidas" sort="Stefanis, Leonidas" uniqKey="Stefanis L" first="Leonidas" last="Stefanis">Leonidas Stefanis</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A33"> Division of Basic Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, and Second Department of Neurology, University of Athens Medical School, Greece</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Division of Basic Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, and Second Department of Neurology, University of Athens Medical School</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>University of Athens Medical School</wicri:noRegion>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Uitti, Ryan J" sort="Uitti, Ryan J" uniqKey="Uitti R" first="Ryan J." last="Uitti">Ryan J. Uitti</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A34"> Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>FL</wicri:noRegion>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Valente, Enza Maria" sort="Valente, Enza Maria" uniqKey="Valente E" first="Enza Maria" last="Valente">Enza Maria Valente</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A13"> Mendel Laboratory, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Mendel Laboratory, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo</wicri:regionArea>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Vilari O Guell, Carles" sort="Vilari O Guell, Carles" uniqKey="Vilari O Guell C" first="Carles" last="Vilari O-Güell">Carles Vilari O-Güell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="A3"> Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="state">Floride</region>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A37"> Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V5Z4H4 BC, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V5Z4H4 BC</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wirdefeldt, Karin" sort="Wirdefeldt, Karin" uniqKey="Wirdefeldt K" first="Karin" last="Wirdefeldt">Karin Wirdefeldt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="A35"> Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Wszolek, Zbigniew K" sort="Wszolek, Zbigniew K" uniqKey="Wszolek Z" first="Zbigniew K." last="Wszolek">Zbigniew K. Wszolek</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A34"> Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>FL</wicri:noRegion>
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<name sortKey="Xiromerisiou, Georgia" sort="Xiromerisiou, Georgia" uniqKey="Xiromerisiou G" first="Georgia" last="Xiromerisiou">Georgia Xiromerisiou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A16"> Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A17"> Institute of Biomedical Research & Technology, CERETETH, Larissa, Greece</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea> Institute of Biomedical Research & Technology, CERETETH, Larissa</wicri:regionArea>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Maraganore, Demetrius M" sort="Maraganore, Demetrius M" uniqKey="Maraganore D" first="Demetrius M." last="Maraganore">Demetrius M. Maraganore</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A36"> Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Farrer, Matthew J" sort="Farrer, Matthew J" uniqKey="Farrer M" first="Matthew J." last="Farrer">Matthew J. Farrer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="A3"> Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A37"> Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V5Z4H4 BC, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V5Z4H4 BC</wicri:regionArea>
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<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Independent and joint effects of the
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genes in Parkinson's disease</title>
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<name sortKey="Elbaz, Alexis" sort="Elbaz, Alexis" uniqKey="Elbaz A" first="Alexis" last="Elbaz">Alexis Elbaz</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A1"> INSERM, Unit 708, Neuroepidemiology, F-75013, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
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<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="A2"> UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S 708, F-75005, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea> UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S 708, F-75005, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Ross, Owen A" sort="Ross, Owen A" uniqKey="Ross O" first="Owen A." last="Ross">Owen A. Ross</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A3"> Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Ioannidis, John P A" sort="Ioannidis, John P A" uniqKey="Ioannidis J" first="John P. A." last="Ioannidis">John P. A. Ioannidis</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A4"> Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Soto Ortolaza, Alexandra I" sort="Soto Ortolaza, Alexandra I" uniqKey="Soto Ortolaza A" first="Alexandra I" last="Soto-Ortolaza">Alexandra I. Soto-Ortolaza</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A3"> Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Moisan, Frederic" sort="Moisan, Frederic" uniqKey="Moisan F" first="Frédéric" last="Moisan">Frédéric Moisan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="A1"> INSERM, Unit 708, Neuroepidemiology, F-75013, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea> INSERM, Unit 708, Neuroepidemiology, F-75013, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
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<wicri:regionArea> UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S 708, F-75005, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
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<nlm:aff id="A6"> Department of Neurology; St Olav Hospital, Trondheim, Norway</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea> Department of Neurology; St Olav Hospital, Trondheim</wicri:regionArea>
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<region type="région" nuts="2">Trøndelag</region>
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<name sortKey="Annesi, Grazia" sort="Annesi, Grazia" uniqKey="Annesi G" first="Grazia" last="Annesi">Grazia Annesi</name>
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<wicri:regionArea> Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Cosenza</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Bozi, Maria" sort="Bozi, Maria" uniqKey="Bozi M" first="Maria" last="Bozi">Maria Bozi</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country>
<wicri:regionArea> General Hospital of Syros, Syros, and Second Department of Neurology, University of Athens Medical School</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Brighina, Laura" sort="Brighina, Laura" uniqKey="Brighina L" first="Laura" last="Brighina">Laura Brighina</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A9"> Dept of Neurology and Neuroscience, Univ of Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Dept of Neurology and Neuroscience, Univ of Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Chartier Harlin, Marie Christine" sort="Chartier Harlin, Marie Christine" uniqKey="Chartier Harlin M" first="Marie-Christine" last="Chartier-Harlin">Marie-Christine Chartier-Harlin</name>
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<wicri:regionArea> Inserm, U837, F-59045, Lille</wicri:regionArea>
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<wicri:noRegion>59045, Lille</wicri:noRegion>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A11"> Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille</wicri:regionArea>
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<name sortKey="Destee, Alain" sort="Destee, Alain" uniqKey="Destee A" first="Alain" last="Destée">Alain Destée</name>
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<nlm:aff id="A10"> Inserm, U837, F-59045, Lille, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Inserm, U837, F-59045, Lille</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1">
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<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
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<settlement type="city">Lille</settlement>
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<region type="old region" nuts="2">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university" n="3">Université Lille 2</orgName>
<orgName type="institution" wicri:auto="newGroup">Université Lille Nord de France</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A12"> CHRU, F-59037, Lille, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea> CHRU, F-59037, Lille</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>59037, Lille</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>59037, Lille</wicri:noRegion>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Lille</settlement>
<region type="region" nuts="2">Hauts-de-France</region>
<region type="old region" nuts="2">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university" n="3">Université Lille 2</orgName>
<orgName type="institution" wicri:auto="newGroup">Université Lille Nord de France</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ferrarese, Carlo" sort="Ferrarese, Carlo" uniqKey="Ferrarese C" first="Carlo" last="Ferrarese">Carlo Ferrarese</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A9"> Dept of Neurology and Neuroscience, Univ of Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Dept of Neurology and Neuroscience, Univ of Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Monza</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ferraris, Alessandro" sort="Ferraris, Alessandro" uniqKey="Ferraris A" first="Alessandro" last="Ferraris">Alessandro Ferraris</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A13"> Mendel Laboratory, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Mendel Laboratory, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>San Giovanni Rotondo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gibson, J Mark" sort="Gibson, J Mark" uniqKey="Gibson J" first="J. Mark" last="Gibson">J. Mark Gibson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A14"> Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Ireland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Belfast</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gispert, Suzana" sort="Gispert, Suzana" uniqKey="Gispert S" first="Suzana" last="Gispert">Suzana Gispert</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A15"> Dept. Neurology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Dept. Neurology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Goethe University Frankfurt am Main</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Goethe University Frankfurt am Main</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Goethe University Frankfurt am Main</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hadjigeorgiou, Georgios M" sort="Hadjigeorgiou, Georgios M" uniqKey="Hadjigeorgiou G" first="Georgios M." last="Hadjigeorgiou">Georgios M. Hadjigeorgiou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A16"> Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Larissa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A17"> Institute of Biomedical Research & Technology, CERETETH, Larissa, Greece</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Institute of Biomedical Research & Technology, CERETETH, Larissa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Larissa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jasinska Myga, Barbara" sort="Jasinska Myga, Barbara" uniqKey="Jasinska Myga B" first="Barbara" last="Jasinska-Myga">Barbara Jasinska-Myga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A18"> Department of Neurology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Department of Neurology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Katowice</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Klein, Christine" sort="Klein, Christine" uniqKey="Klein C" first="Christine" last="Klein">Christine Klein</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A19"> Section of Clinical and Molecular Neurogenetics at the Department of Neurology, University of Luebeck, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Section of Clinical and Molecular Neurogenetics at the Department of Neurology, University of Luebeck</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>University of Luebeck</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>University of Luebeck</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>University of Luebeck</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kruger, Rejko" sort="Kruger, Rejko" uniqKey="Kruger R" first="Rejko" last="Krüger">Rejko Krüger</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="A20"> Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region>
<settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lambert, Jean Charles" sort="Lambert, Jean Charles" uniqKey="Lambert J" first="Jean-Charles" last="Lambert">Jean-Charles Lambert</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="A21"> INSERM U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea> INSERM U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL, Lille</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="region">Hauts-de-France</region>
<region type="old region">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</region>
<settlement type="city">Lille</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lohmann, Katja" sort="Lohmann, Katja" uniqKey="Lohmann K" first="Katja" last="Lohmann">Katja Lohmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A19"> Section of Clinical and Molecular Neurogenetics at the Department of Neurology, University of Luebeck, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Section of Clinical and Molecular Neurogenetics at the Department of Neurology, University of Luebeck</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>University of Luebeck</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>University of Luebeck</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>University of Luebeck</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Van De Loo, Simone" sort="Van De Loo, Simone" uniqKey="Van De Loo S" first="Simone" last="Van De Loo">Simone Van De Loo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A15"> Dept. Neurology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Dept. Neurology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Goethe University Frankfurt am Main</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Goethe University Frankfurt am Main</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Goethe University Frankfurt am Main</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Loriot, Marie Anne" sort="Loriot, Marie Anne" uniqKey="Loriot M" first="Marie-Anne" last="Loriot">Marie-Anne Loriot</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A22"> INSERM, UMR-S 775, Bases moléculaires de la réponse aux xénobiotiques, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea> INSERM, UMR-S 775, Bases moléculaires de la réponse aux xénobiotiques, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>75270 Paris Cedex 06</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>75270 Paris Cedex 06</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="A23"> Université Paris Descartes, F-75005, Paris, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Université Paris Descartes, F-75005, Paris</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region>
<settlement type="city">Paris</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université Paris-Descartes</orgName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A24"> Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Biochimie, Pharmacogénétique et Oncologie Moléculaire, 20 rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris Cedex 15, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Biochimie, Pharmacogénétique et Oncologie Moléculaire, 20 rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris Cedex 15</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>75908 Paris Cedex 15</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>75908 Paris Cedex 15</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lynch, Timothy" sort="Lynch, Timothy" uniqKey="Lynch T" first="Timothy" last="Lynch">Timothy Lynch</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A25"> Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, and Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Irlande (pays)</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, and Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>University College Dublin</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mellick, George D" sort="Mellick, George D" uniqKey="Mellick G" first="George D." last="Mellick">George D. Mellick</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A26"> National Centre for Adult Stem Cell Research, Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea> National Centre for Adult Stem Cell Research, Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Queensland</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A27"> Department of Neurology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Department of Neurology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Queensland</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A28"> Neurology Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Neurology Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Queensland</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mutez, Eugenie" sort="Mutez, Eugenie" uniqKey="Mutez E" first="Eugénie" last="Mutez">Eugénie Mutez</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A10"> Inserm, U837, F-59045, Lille, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Inserm, U837, F-59045, Lille</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>59045, Lille</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>59045, Lille</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A11"> Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>59000, Lille</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>59000, Lille</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A12"> CHRU, F-59037, Lille, France</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea> CHRU, F-59037, Lille</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>59037, Lille</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>59037, Lille</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nilsson, Christer" sort="Nilsson, Christer" uniqKey="Nilsson C" first="Christer" last="Nilsson">Christer Nilsson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A29"> Department of Clinical Science, Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Lund University, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Department of Clinical Science, Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Lund University</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lund University</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Opala, Grzegorz" sort="Opala, Grzegorz" uniqKey="Opala G" first="Grzegorz" last="Opala">Grzegorz Opala</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A18"> Department of Neurology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pologne</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Department of Neurology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Katowice</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Puschmann, Andreas" sort="Puschmann, Andreas" uniqKey="Puschmann A" first="Andreas" last="Puschmann">Andreas Puschmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A29"> Department of Clinical Science, Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Lund University, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Department of Clinical Science, Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Lund University</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lund University</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A30"> Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Lund</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Quattrone, Aldo" sort="Quattrone, Aldo" uniqKey="Quattrone A" first="Aldo" last="Quattrone">Aldo Quattrone</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A31"> Institute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, and Neuroimaging Research Unit, National Research Council, Germaneto, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Institute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, and Neuroimaging Research Unit, National Research Council, Germaneto</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Germaneto</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sharma, Manu" sort="Sharma, Manu" uniqKey="Sharma M" first="Manu" last="Sharma">Manu Sharma</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="A20"> Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="land" nuts="1">Bade-Wurtemberg</region>
<region type="district" nuts="2">District de Tübingen</region>
<settlement type="city">Tübingen</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Silburn, Peter A" sort="Silburn, Peter A" uniqKey="Silburn P" first="Peter A." last="Silburn">Peter A. Silburn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A26"> National Centre for Adult Stem Cell Research, Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea> National Centre for Adult Stem Cell Research, Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Queensland</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A27"> Department of Neurology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Department of Neurology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Queensland</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A28"> Neurology Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Neurology Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Queensland</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A32"> School of Medicine and Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea> School of Medicine and Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Brisbane</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Stefanis, Leonidas" sort="Stefanis, Leonidas" uniqKey="Stefanis L" first="Leonidas" last="Stefanis">Leonidas Stefanis</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A33"> Division of Basic Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, and Second Department of Neurology, University of Athens Medical School, Greece</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Division of Basic Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, and Second Department of Neurology, University of Athens Medical School</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>University of Athens Medical School</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Uitti, Ryan J" sort="Uitti, Ryan J" uniqKey="Uitti R" first="Ryan J." last="Uitti">Ryan J. Uitti</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A34"> Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>FL</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Valente, Enza Maria" sort="Valente, Enza Maria" uniqKey="Valente E" first="Enza Maria" last="Valente">Enza Maria Valente</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A13"> Mendel Laboratory, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Mendel Laboratory, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>San Giovanni Rotondo</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vilari O Guell, Carles" sort="Vilari O Guell, Carles" uniqKey="Vilari O Guell C" first="Carles" last="Vilari O-Güell">Carles Vilari O-Güell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="A3"> Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Floride</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A37"> Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V5Z4H4 BC, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V5Z4H4 BC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>V5Z4H4 BC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wirdefeldt, Karin" sort="Wirdefeldt, Karin" uniqKey="Wirdefeldt K" first="Karin" last="Wirdefeldt">Karin Wirdefeldt</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3">
<nlm:aff id="A35"> Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Stockholm</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Svealand</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wszolek, Zbigniew K" sort="Wszolek, Zbigniew K" uniqKey="Wszolek Z" first="Zbigniew K." last="Wszolek">Zbigniew K. Wszolek</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A34"> Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>FL</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Xiromerisiou, Georgia" sort="Xiromerisiou, Georgia" uniqKey="Xiromerisiou G" first="Georgia" last="Xiromerisiou">Georgia Xiromerisiou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A16"> Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Larissa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A17"> Institute of Biomedical Research & Technology, CERETETH, Larissa, Greece</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Institute of Biomedical Research & Technology, CERETETH, Larissa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Larissa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Maraganore, Demetrius M" sort="Maraganore, Demetrius M" uniqKey="Maraganore D" first="Demetrius M." last="Maraganore">Demetrius M. Maraganore</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A36"> Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>IL</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Farrer, Matthew J" sort="Farrer, Matthew J" uniqKey="Farrer M" first="Matthew J." last="Farrer">Matthew J. Farrer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2">
<nlm:aff id="A3"> Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<region type="state">Floride</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="A37"> Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V5Z4H4 BC, Canada</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea> Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V5Z4H4 BC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>V5Z4H4 BC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Annals of neurology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0364-5134</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1531-8249</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2011">2011</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<sec id="S1">
<title>Objective</title>
<p id="P1">We studied the independent and joint effects of the genes encoding alpha-synuclein (
<italic>SNCA</italic>
) and microtubule associated protein tau (
<italic>MAPT</italic>
) in Parkinson's disease (PD) as part of a large meta-analysis of individual data from case-control studies participating in the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease (GEO-PD) consortium.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="methods" id="S2">
<title>Methods</title>
<p id="P2">Participants of Caucasian ancestry were genotyped for a total of four
<italic>SNCA</italic>
(rs2583988, rs181489, rs356219, rs11931074) and two
<italic>MAPT</italic>
(rs1052553, rs242557) SNPs. Individual and joint effects of
<italic>SNCA</italic>
and
<italic>MAPT</italic>
SNPs were investigated using fixed- and random-effects logistic regression models. Interactions were studied both on a multiplicative and an additive scale, and using a case-control and case-only approach.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3">
<title>Results</title>
<p id="P3">Fifteen GEO-PD sites contributed a total of 5302 cases and 4161 controls. All four
<italic>SNCA</italic>
SNPs and the
<italic>MAPT</italic>
H1-haplotype defining SNP (rs1052553) displayed a highly significant marginal association with PD at the significance level adjusted for multiple comparisons. For
<italic>SNCA</italic>
, the strongest associations were observed for SNPs located at the 3′ end of the gene. There was no evidence of statistical interaction between any of the four
<italic>SNCA</italic>
SNPs and rs1052553 or rs242557, neither on the multiplicative nor on the additive scale.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4">
<title>Interpretation</title>
<p id="P4">This study confirms the association between PD and both
<italic>SNCA</italic>
SNPs and the H1
<italic>MAPT</italic>
haplotype. It shows, based on a variety of approaches, that the joint action of variants in these two loci is consistent with independent effects of the genes without additional interacting effects.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article" xml:lang="EN">
<pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">7707449</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">656</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Ann Neurol</journal-id>
<journal-title>Annals of neurology</journal-title>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0364-5134</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1531-8249</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21391235</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3082599</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/ana.22321</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS248162</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Independent and joint effects of the
<italic>MAPT</italic>
and
<italic>SNCA</italic>
genes in Parkinson's disease</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Elbaz</surname>
<given-names>Alexis</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
<xref rid="A2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
<xref rid="FN2" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ross</surname>
<given-names>Owen A.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="A3" ref-type="aff">3</xref>
<xref rid="FN2" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ioannidis</surname>
<given-names>John P.A.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="A4" ref-type="aff">4</xref>
<xref rid="A5" ref-type="aff">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Soto-Ortolaza</surname>
<given-names>Alexandra I</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>BSc</degrees>
<xref rid="A3" ref-type="aff">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Moisan</surname>
<given-names>Frédéric</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MSc</degrees>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
<xref rid="A2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Aasly</surname>
<given-names>Jan</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="A6" ref-type="aff">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Annesi</surname>
<given-names>Grazia</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="A7" ref-type="aff">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bozi</surname>
<given-names>Maria</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="A8" ref-type="aff">8</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Brighina</surname>
<given-names>Laura</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="A9" ref-type="aff">9</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Chartier-Harlin</surname>
<given-names>Marie-Christine</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="A10" ref-type="aff">10</xref>
<xref rid="A11" ref-type="aff">11</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Destée</surname>
<given-names>Alain</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="A10" ref-type="aff">10</xref>
<xref rid="A11" ref-type="aff">11</xref>
<xref rid="A12" ref-type="aff">12</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ferrarese</surname>
<given-names>Carlo</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="A9" ref-type="aff">9</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ferraris</surname>
<given-names>Alessandro</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="A13" ref-type="aff">13</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gibson</surname>
<given-names>J. Mark</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="A14" ref-type="aff">14</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gispert</surname>
<given-names>Suzana</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="A15" ref-type="aff">15</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hadjigeorgiou</surname>
<given-names>Georgios M.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="A16" ref-type="aff">16</xref>
<xref rid="A17" ref-type="aff">17</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Jasinska-Myga</surname>
<given-names>Barbara</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="A18" ref-type="aff">18</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Klein</surname>
<given-names>Christine</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="A19" ref-type="aff">19</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Krüger</surname>
<given-names>Rejko</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="A20" ref-type="aff">20</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lambert</surname>
<given-names>Jean-Charles</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="A21" ref-type="aff">21</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lohmann</surname>
<given-names>Katja</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="A19" ref-type="aff">19</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>van de Loo</surname>
<given-names>Simone</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="A15" ref-type="aff">15</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Loriot</surname>
<given-names>Marie-Anne</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Pharm, PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="A22" ref-type="aff">22</xref>
<xref rid="A23" ref-type="aff">23</xref>
<xref rid="A24" ref-type="aff">24</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lynch</surname>
<given-names>Timothy</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, FRCPI</degrees>
<xref rid="A25" ref-type="aff">25</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mellick</surname>
<given-names>George D.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="A26" ref-type="aff">26</xref>
<xref rid="A27" ref-type="aff">27</xref>
<xref rid="A28" ref-type="aff">28</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mutez</surname>
<given-names>Eugénie</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="A10" ref-type="aff">10</xref>
<xref rid="A11" ref-type="aff">11</xref>
<xref rid="A12" ref-type="aff">12</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nilsson</surname>
<given-names>Christer</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="A29" ref-type="aff">29</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Opala</surname>
<given-names>Grzegorz</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="A18" ref-type="aff">18</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Puschmann</surname>
<given-names>Andreas</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="A29" ref-type="aff">29</xref>
<xref rid="A30" ref-type="aff">30</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Quattrone</surname>
<given-names>Aldo</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="A31" ref-type="aff">31</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sharma</surname>
<given-names>Manu</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="A20" ref-type="aff">20</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Silburn</surname>
<given-names>Peter A.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="A26" ref-type="aff">26</xref>
<xref rid="A27" ref-type="aff">27</xref>
<xref rid="A28" ref-type="aff">28</xref>
<xref rid="A32" ref-type="aff">32</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Stefanis</surname>
<given-names>Leonidas</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="A33" ref-type="aff">33</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Uitti</surname>
<given-names>Ryan J.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="A34" ref-type="aff">34</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Valente</surname>
<given-names>Enza Maria</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="A13" ref-type="aff">13</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vilariño-Güell</surname>
<given-names>Carles</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="A3" ref-type="aff">3</xref>
<xref rid="A37" ref-type="aff">37</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wirdefeldt</surname>
<given-names>Karin</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="A35" ref-type="aff">35</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wszolek</surname>
<given-names>Zbigniew K.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="A34" ref-type="aff">34</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Xiromerisiou</surname>
<given-names>Georgia</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="A16" ref-type="aff">16</xref>
<xref rid="A17" ref-type="aff">17</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Maraganore</surname>
<given-names>Demetrius M.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="A36" ref-type="aff">36</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Farrer</surname>
<given-names>Matthew J.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref rid="A3" ref-type="aff">3</xref>
<xref rid="A37" ref-type="aff">37</xref>
</contrib>
<on-behalf-of>on behalf of the Genetic Epidemiology Of Parkinson's Disease (GEO-PD) consortium</on-behalf-of>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1">
<label>1</label>
INSERM, Unit 708, Neuroepidemiology, F-75013, Paris, France</aff>
<aff id="A2">
<label>2</label>
UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-S 708, F-75005, Paris, France</aff>
<aff id="A3">
<label>3</label>
Division of Neurogenetics, Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA</aff>
<aff id="A4">
<label>4</label>
Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece</aff>
<aff id="A5">
<label>5</label>
Tufts Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts Medical Center, and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA</aff>
<aff id="A6">
<label>6</label>
Department of Neurology; St Olav Hospital, Trondheim, Norway</aff>
<aff id="A7">
<label>7</label>
Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council, Cosenza, Italy</aff>
<aff id="A8">
<label>8</label>
General Hospital of Syros, Syros, and Second Department of Neurology, University of Athens Medical School, Greece</aff>
<aff id="A9">
<label>9</label>
Dept of Neurology and Neuroscience, Univ of Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy</aff>
<aff id="A10">
<label>10</label>
Inserm, U837, F-59045, Lille, France</aff>
<aff id="A11">
<label>11</label>
Univ Lille Nord de France, F-59000, Lille, France</aff>
<aff id="A12">
<label>12</label>
CHRU, F-59037, Lille, France</aff>
<aff id="A13">
<label>13</label>
Mendel Laboratory, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy</aff>
<aff id="A14">
<label>14</label>
Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Ireland</aff>
<aff id="A15">
<label>15</label>
Dept. Neurology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A16">
<label>16</label>
Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece</aff>
<aff id="A17">
<label>17</label>
Institute of Biomedical Research & Technology, CERETETH, Larissa, Greece</aff>
<aff id="A18">
<label>18</label>
Department of Neurology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland</aff>
<aff id="A19">
<label>19</label>
Section of Clinical and Molecular Neurogenetics at the Department of Neurology, University of Luebeck, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A20">
<label>20</label>
Center of Neurology and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany</aff>
<aff id="A21">
<label>21</label>
INSERM U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université Lille Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France</aff>
<aff id="A22">
<label>22</label>
INSERM, UMR-S 775, Bases moléculaires de la réponse aux xénobiotiques, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France</aff>
<aff id="A23">
<label>23</label>
Université Paris Descartes, F-75005, Paris, France</aff>
<aff id="A24">
<label>24</label>
Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de Biochimie, Pharmacogénétique et Oncologie Moléculaire, 20 rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris Cedex 15, France</aff>
<aff id="A25">
<label>25</label>
Dublin Neurological Institute at the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, and Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland</aff>
<aff id="A26">
<label>26</label>
National Centre for Adult Stem Cell Research, Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</aff>
<aff id="A27">
<label>27</label>
Department of Neurology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</aff>
<aff id="A28">
<label>28</label>
Neurology Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia</aff>
<aff id="A29">
<label>29</label>
Department of Clinical Science, Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Lund University, Sweden</aff>
<aff id="A30">
<label>30</label>
Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden</aff>
<aff id="A31">
<label>31</label>
Institute of Neurology, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, and Neuroimaging Research Unit, National Research Council, Germaneto, Italy</aff>
<aff id="A32">
<label>32</label>
School of Medicine and Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia</aff>
<aff id="A33">
<label>33</label>
Division of Basic Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, and Second Department of Neurology, University of Athens Medical School, Greece</aff>
<aff id="A34">
<label>34</label>
Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA</aff>
<aff id="A35">
<label>35</label>
Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</aff>
<aff id="A36">
<label>36</label>
Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA</aff>
<aff id="A37">
<label>37</label>
Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V5Z4H4 BC, Canada</aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="FN1">Corresponding author's contact information: Alexis Elbaz, Inserm U708, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 47 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France. Phone : +33 - 1 42 16 25 66. Fax : +33 - 1 42 16 25 41.
<email>alexis.elbaz@upmc.fr</email>
</corresp>
<fn id="FN2" fn-type="equal">
<label>*</label>
<p>Both authors contributed equally to this work.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted">
<day>14</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>9</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>5</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release">
<day>1</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>69</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>778</fpage>
<lpage>792</lpage>
<abstract>
<sec id="S1">
<title>Objective</title>
<p id="P1">We studied the independent and joint effects of the genes encoding alpha-synuclein (
<italic>SNCA</italic>
) and microtubule associated protein tau (
<italic>MAPT</italic>
) in Parkinson's disease (PD) as part of a large meta-analysis of individual data from case-control studies participating in the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease (GEO-PD) consortium.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="methods" id="S2">
<title>Methods</title>
<p id="P2">Participants of Caucasian ancestry were genotyped for a total of four
<italic>SNCA</italic>
(rs2583988, rs181489, rs356219, rs11931074) and two
<italic>MAPT</italic>
(rs1052553, rs242557) SNPs. Individual and joint effects of
<italic>SNCA</italic>
and
<italic>MAPT</italic>
SNPs were investigated using fixed- and random-effects logistic regression models. Interactions were studied both on a multiplicative and an additive scale, and using a case-control and case-only approach.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3">
<title>Results</title>
<p id="P3">Fifteen GEO-PD sites contributed a total of 5302 cases and 4161 controls. All four
<italic>SNCA</italic>
SNPs and the
<italic>MAPT</italic>
H1-haplotype defining SNP (rs1052553) displayed a highly significant marginal association with PD at the significance level adjusted for multiple comparisons. For
<italic>SNCA</italic>
, the strongest associations were observed for SNPs located at the 3′ end of the gene. There was no evidence of statistical interaction between any of the four
<italic>SNCA</italic>
SNPs and rs1052553 or rs242557, neither on the multiplicative nor on the additive scale.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4">
<title>Interpretation</title>
<p id="P4">This study confirms the association between PD and both
<italic>SNCA</italic>
SNPs and the H1
<italic>MAPT</italic>
haplotype. It shows, based on a variety of approaches, that the joint action of variants in these two loci is consistent with independent effects of the genes without additional interacting effects.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Parkinson disease</kwd>
<kwd>
<italic>SNCA</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd>
<italic>MAPT</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd>genetics</kwd>
<kwd>interaction</kwd>
<kwd>case-control</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<contract-num rid="NS1">RC2 NS070276-01 ||NS</contract-num>
<contract-num rid="NS1">R01 NS057567-04 ||NS</contract-num>
<contract-num rid="ES1">R01 ES010751-10 ||ES</contract-num>
<contract-num rid="NS1">P50 NS040256-10 ||NS</contract-num>
<contract-sponsor id="NS1">National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke : NINDS</contract-sponsor>
<contract-sponsor id="ES1">National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences : NIEHS</contract-sponsor>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>Allemagne</li>
<li>Australie</li>
<li>Canada</li>
<li>France</li>
<li>Grèce</li>
<li>Irlande (pays)</li>
<li>Italie</li>
<li>Norvège</li>
<li>Pologne</li>
<li>Suède</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Bade-Wurtemberg</li>
<li>District de Tübingen</li>
<li>Floride</li>
<li>Hauts-de-France</li>
<li>Massachusetts</li>
<li>Nord-Pas-de-Calais</li>
<li>Svealand</li>
<li>Trøndelag</li>
<li>Île-de-France</li>
</region>
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<li>Lille</li>
<li>Paris</li>
<li>Stockholm</li>
<li>Trondheim</li>
<li>Tübingen</li>
</settlement>
<orgName>
<li>Université Lille 2</li>
<li>Université Lille Nord de France</li>
<li>Université Paris-Descartes</li>
</orgName>
</list>
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<name sortKey="Elbaz, Alexis" sort="Elbaz, Alexis" uniqKey="Elbaz A" first="Alexis" last="Elbaz">Alexis Elbaz</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Chartier Harlin, Marie Christine" sort="Chartier Harlin, Marie Christine" uniqKey="Chartier Harlin M" first="Marie-Christine" last="Chartier-Harlin">Marie-Christine Chartier-Harlin</name>
<name sortKey="Chartier Harlin, Marie Christine" sort="Chartier Harlin, Marie Christine" uniqKey="Chartier Harlin M" first="Marie-Christine" last="Chartier-Harlin">Marie-Christine Chartier-Harlin</name>
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<name sortKey="Destee, Alain" sort="Destee, Alain" uniqKey="Destee A" first="Alain" last="Destée">Alain Destée</name>
<name sortKey="Destee, Alain" sort="Destee, Alain" uniqKey="Destee A" first="Alain" last="Destée">Alain Destée</name>
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<name sortKey="Loriot, Marie Anne" sort="Loriot, Marie Anne" uniqKey="Loriot M" first="Marie-Anne" last="Loriot">Marie-Anne Loriot</name>
<name sortKey="Loriot, Marie Anne" sort="Loriot, Marie Anne" uniqKey="Loriot M" first="Marie-Anne" last="Loriot">Marie-Anne Loriot</name>
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<name sortKey="Mutez, Eugenie" sort="Mutez, Eugenie" uniqKey="Mutez E" first="Eugénie" last="Mutez">Eugénie Mutez</name>
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<name sortKey="Uitti, Ryan J" sort="Uitti, Ryan J" uniqKey="Uitti R" first="Ryan J." last="Uitti">Ryan J. Uitti</name>
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<name sortKey="Wszolek, Zbigniew K" sort="Wszolek, Zbigniew K" uniqKey="Wszolek Z" first="Zbigniew K." last="Wszolek">Zbigniew K. Wszolek</name>
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</country>
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</record>

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