La maladie de Parkinson au Canada (serveur d'exploration)

Attention, ce site est en cours de développement !
Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts.
Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

Pathological gambling in patients with Parkinson's disease is associated with fronto-striatal disconnection: a path modeling analysis.

Identifieur interne : 000E18 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000E17; suivant : 000E19

Pathological gambling in patients with Parkinson's disease is associated with fronto-striatal disconnection: a path modeling analysis.

Auteurs : Roberto Cilia [Canada] ; Sang Soo Cho ; Thilo Van Eimeren ; Giorgio Marotta ; Chiara Siri ; Ji Hyun Ko ; Giovanna Pellecchia ; Gianni Pezzoli ; Angelo Antonini ; Antonio P. Strafella

Source :

RBID : pubmed:21284039

English descriptors

Abstract

Pathological gambling may occur in Parkinson's disease (PD) as a complication of dopaminergic therapy. Neuroimaging studies have suggested an abnormal dopamine transmission within the reward system, but the changes in the neural network characterizing PD patients with pathological gambling have never been investigated.

DOI: 10.1002/mds.23480
PubMed: 21284039

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)


Links to Exploration step

pubmed:21284039

Le document en format XML

<record>
<TEI>
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title xml:lang="en">Pathological gambling in patients with Parkinson's disease is associated with fronto-striatal disconnection: a path modeling analysis.</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cilia, Roberto" sort="Cilia, Roberto" uniqKey="Cilia R" first="Roberto" last="Cilia">Roberto Cilia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviorur-Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute and Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviorur-Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute and Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement>
<region type="state">Ontario</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cho, Sang Soo" sort="Cho, Sang Soo" uniqKey="Cho S" first="Sang Soo" last="Cho">Sang Soo Cho</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Van Eimeren, Thilo" sort="Van Eimeren, Thilo" uniqKey="Van Eimeren T" first="Thilo" last="Van Eimeren">Thilo Van Eimeren</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Marotta, Giorgio" sort="Marotta, Giorgio" uniqKey="Marotta G" first="Giorgio" last="Marotta">Giorgio Marotta</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Siri, Chiara" sort="Siri, Chiara" uniqKey="Siri C" first="Chiara" last="Siri">Chiara Siri</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ko, Ji Hyun" sort="Ko, Ji Hyun" uniqKey="Ko J" first="Ji Hyun" last="Ko">Ji Hyun Ko</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pellecchia, Giovanna" sort="Pellecchia, Giovanna" uniqKey="Pellecchia G" first="Giovanna" last="Pellecchia">Giovanna Pellecchia</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pezzoli, Gianni" sort="Pezzoli, Gianni" uniqKey="Pezzoli G" first="Gianni" last="Pezzoli">Gianni Pezzoli</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Antonini, Angelo" sort="Antonini, Angelo" uniqKey="Antonini A" first="Angelo" last="Antonini">Angelo Antonini</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Strafella, Antonio P" sort="Strafella, Antonio P" uniqKey="Strafella A" first="Antonio P" last="Strafella">Antonio P. Strafella</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<date when="2011">2011</date>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:21284039</idno>
<idno type="pmid">21284039</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1002/mds.23480</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000C52</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000C52</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000C52</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000C52</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000C52</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000C52</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000E18</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<title xml:lang="en">Pathological gambling in patients with Parkinson's disease is associated with fronto-striatal disconnection: a path modeling analysis.</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cilia, Roberto" sort="Cilia, Roberto" uniqKey="Cilia R" first="Roberto" last="Cilia">Roberto Cilia</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:affiliation>Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviorur-Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute and Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviorur-Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute and Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de Toronto</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Toronto</settlement>
<region type="state">Ontario</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cho, Sang Soo" sort="Cho, Sang Soo" uniqKey="Cho S" first="Sang Soo" last="Cho">Sang Soo Cho</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Van Eimeren, Thilo" sort="Van Eimeren, Thilo" uniqKey="Van Eimeren T" first="Thilo" last="Van Eimeren">Thilo Van Eimeren</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Marotta, Giorgio" sort="Marotta, Giorgio" uniqKey="Marotta G" first="Giorgio" last="Marotta">Giorgio Marotta</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Siri, Chiara" sort="Siri, Chiara" uniqKey="Siri C" first="Chiara" last="Siri">Chiara Siri</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ko, Ji Hyun" sort="Ko, Ji Hyun" uniqKey="Ko J" first="Ji Hyun" last="Ko">Ji Hyun Ko</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pellecchia, Giovanna" sort="Pellecchia, Giovanna" uniqKey="Pellecchia G" first="Giovanna" last="Pellecchia">Giovanna Pellecchia</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pezzoli, Gianni" sort="Pezzoli, Gianni" uniqKey="Pezzoli G" first="Gianni" last="Pezzoli">Gianni Pezzoli</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Antonini, Angelo" sort="Antonini, Angelo" uniqKey="Antonini A" first="Angelo" last="Antonini">Angelo Antonini</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Strafella, Antonio P" sort="Strafella, Antonio P" uniqKey="Strafella A" first="Antonio P" last="Strafella">Antonio P. Strafella</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1531-8257</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2011" type="published">2011</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass>
<keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en">
<term>Aged</term>
<term>Analysis of Variance</term>
<term>Brain Mapping</term>
<term>Corpus Striatum (diagnostic imaging)</term>
<term>Corpus Striatum (physiopathology)</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Gambling (complications)</term>
<term>Gambling (diagnostic imaging)</term>
<term>Gambling (physiopathology)</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Image Processing, Computer-Assisted</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Neural Pathways (diagnostic imaging)</term>
<term>Neural Pathways (physiopathology)</term>
<term>Neuropsychological Tests</term>
<term>Parkinson Disease (complications)</term>
<term>Parkinson Disease (diagnostic imaging)</term>
<term>Parkinson Disease (physiopathology)</term>
<term>Prefrontal Cortex (diagnostic imaging)</term>
<term>Prefrontal Cortex (physiopathology)</term>
<term>Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="complications" xml:lang="en">
<term>Gambling</term>
<term>Parkinson Disease</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnostic imaging" xml:lang="en">
<term>Corpus Striatum</term>
<term>Gambling</term>
<term>Neural Pathways</term>
<term>Parkinson Disease</term>
<term>Prefrontal Cortex</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiopathology" xml:lang="en">
<term>Corpus Striatum</term>
<term>Gambling</term>
<term>Neural Pathways</term>
<term>Parkinson Disease</term>
<term>Prefrontal Cortex</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en">
<term>Aged</term>
<term>Analysis of Variance</term>
<term>Brain Mapping</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Image Processing, Computer-Assisted</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Neuropsychological Tests</term>
<term>Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Pathological gambling may occur in Parkinson's disease (PD) as a complication of dopaminergic therapy. Neuroimaging studies have suggested an abnormal dopamine transmission within the reward system, but the changes in the neural network characterizing PD patients with pathological gambling have never been investigated.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed>
<MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM">
<PMID Version="1">21284039</PMID>
<DateCreated>
<Year>2011</Year>
<Month>03</Month>
<Day>17</Day>
</DateCreated>
<DateCompleted>
<Year>2011</Year>
<Month>07</Month>
<Day>25</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised>
<Year>2016</Year>
<Month>11</Month>
<Day>25</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print-Electronic">
<Journal>
<ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1531-8257</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet">
<Volume>26</Volume>
<Issue>2</Issue>
<PubDate>
<Year>2011</Year>
<Month>Feb</Month>
<Day>01</Day>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>Mov. Disord.</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Pathological gambling in patients with Parkinson's disease is associated with fronto-striatal disconnection: a path modeling analysis.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination>
<MedlinePgn>225-33</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1002/mds.23480</ELocationID>
<Abstract>
<AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Pathological gambling may occur in Parkinson's disease (PD) as a complication of dopaminergic therapy. Neuroimaging studies have suggested an abnormal dopamine transmission within the reward system, but the changes in the neural network characterizing PD patients with pathological gambling have never been investigated.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Thirty PD patients (15 with active gambling and 15 matched controls, on-medication) and 15 healthy subjects underwent brain perfusion single photon emission tomography at rest. The severity of gambling was assessed using the South Oaks Gambling Scale. Covariance analysis was applied to identify brain regions whose activity was associated with gambling severity. These regions were used as volume-of-interest to identify functionally interconnected areas using voxel-wise covariance analysis. A path model was defined by means of effective connectivity analysis within the Structural Equation Modeling framework.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Gambling severity in PD was associated with a dysfunction of the brain network implicated in decision making, risk processing, and response inhibition, including the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior (ACC) and posterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, insula and striatum. PD gamblers showed a disconnection between the ACC and the striatum, while this interaction was very robust in both control groups.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="DISCUSSION" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">ACC-striatal disconnection may underlie a specific impairment of shifting behaviors after negative outcomes, possibly explaining why PD gamblers use to perseverate into risktaking behaviors despite self-destructive consequences.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2011 Movement Disorder Society.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y">
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Cilia</LastName>
<ForeName>Roberto</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo>
<Affiliation>Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviorur-Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute and Hospital, UHN, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Cho</LastName>
<ForeName>Sang Soo</ForeName>
<Initials>SS</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>van Eimeren</LastName>
<ForeName>Thilo</ForeName>
<Initials>T</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Marotta</LastName>
<ForeName>Giorgio</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Siri</LastName>
<ForeName>Chiara</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Ko</LastName>
<ForeName>Ji Hyun</ForeName>
<Initials>JH</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Pellecchia</LastName>
<ForeName>Giovanna</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Pezzoli</LastName>
<ForeName>Gianni</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Antonini</LastName>
<ForeName>Angelo</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y">
<LastName>Strafella</LastName>
<ForeName>Antonio P</ForeName>
<Initials>AP</Initials>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<PublicationTypeList>
<PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic">
<Year>2011</Year>
<Month>01</Month>
<Day>31</Day>
</ArticleDate>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo>
<Country>United States</Country>
<MedlineTA>Mov Disord</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>8610688</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>0885-3185</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
<CommentsCorrectionsList>
<CommentsCorrections RefType="CommentIn">
<RefSource>Mov Disord. 2011 Feb 1;26(2):193-4</RefSource>
<PMID Version="1">21412827</PMID>
</CommentsCorrections>
</CommentsCorrectionsList>
<MeshHeadingList>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D000704" MajorTopicYN="N">Analysis of Variance</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D001931" MajorTopicYN="N">Brain Mapping</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D003342" MajorTopicYN="N">Corpus Striatum</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000503" MajorTopicYN="Y">physiopathology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D005715" MajorTopicYN="N">Gambling</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="N">complications</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000503" MajorTopicYN="Y">physiopathology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D007091" MajorTopicYN="N">Image Processing, Computer-Assisted</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D009434" MajorTopicYN="N">Neural Pathways</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000503" MajorTopicYN="N">physiopathology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D009483" MajorTopicYN="N">Neuropsychological Tests</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D010300" MajorTopicYN="N">Parkinson Disease</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000150" MajorTopicYN="N">complications</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000503" MajorTopicYN="Y">physiopathology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D017397" MajorTopicYN="N">Prefrontal Cortex</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000000981" MajorTopicYN="N">diagnostic imaging</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000503" MajorTopicYN="Y">physiopathology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading>
<DescriptorName UI="D015899" MajorTopicYN="N">Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
</MeshHeadingList>
</MedlineCitation>
<PubmedData>
<History>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received">
<Year>2010</Year>
<Month>02</Month>
<Day>24</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised">
<Year>2010</Year>
<Month>07</Month>
<Day>20</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted">
<Year>2010</Year>
<Month>09</Month>
<Day>20</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez">
<Year>2011</Year>
<Month>2</Month>
<Day>2</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed">
<Year>2011</Year>
<Month>2</Month>
<Day>2</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline">
<Year>2011</Year>
<Month>7</Month>
<Day>26</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
</History>
<PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus>
<ArticleIdList>
<ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21284039</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1002/mds.23480</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</PubmedData>
</pubmed>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>Canada</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Ontario</li>
</region>
<settlement>
<li>Toronto</li>
</settlement>
<orgName>
<li>Université de Toronto</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree>
<noCountry>
<name sortKey="Antonini, Angelo" sort="Antonini, Angelo" uniqKey="Antonini A" first="Angelo" last="Antonini">Angelo Antonini</name>
<name sortKey="Cho, Sang Soo" sort="Cho, Sang Soo" uniqKey="Cho S" first="Sang Soo" last="Cho">Sang Soo Cho</name>
<name sortKey="Ko, Ji Hyun" sort="Ko, Ji Hyun" uniqKey="Ko J" first="Ji Hyun" last="Ko">Ji Hyun Ko</name>
<name sortKey="Marotta, Giorgio" sort="Marotta, Giorgio" uniqKey="Marotta G" first="Giorgio" last="Marotta">Giorgio Marotta</name>
<name sortKey="Pellecchia, Giovanna" sort="Pellecchia, Giovanna" uniqKey="Pellecchia G" first="Giovanna" last="Pellecchia">Giovanna Pellecchia</name>
<name sortKey="Pezzoli, Gianni" sort="Pezzoli, Gianni" uniqKey="Pezzoli G" first="Gianni" last="Pezzoli">Gianni Pezzoli</name>
<name sortKey="Siri, Chiara" sort="Siri, Chiara" uniqKey="Siri C" first="Chiara" last="Siri">Chiara Siri</name>
<name sortKey="Strafella, Antonio P" sort="Strafella, Antonio P" uniqKey="Strafella A" first="Antonio P" last="Strafella">Antonio P. Strafella</name>
<name sortKey="Van Eimeren, Thilo" sort="Van Eimeren, Thilo" uniqKey="Van Eimeren T" first="Thilo" last="Van Eimeren">Thilo Van Eimeren</name>
</noCountry>
<country name="Canada">
<region name="Ontario">
<name sortKey="Cilia, Roberto" sort="Cilia, Roberto" uniqKey="Cilia R" first="Roberto" last="Cilia">Roberto Cilia</name>
</region>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Canada/explor/ParkinsonCanadaV1/Data/Ncbi/Merge
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000E18 | SxmlIndent | more

Ou

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/biblio.hfd -nk 000E18 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Wicri/Canada
   |area=    ParkinsonCanadaV1
   |flux=    Ncbi
   |étape=   Merge
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     pubmed:21284039
   |texte=   Pathological gambling in patients with Parkinson's disease is associated with fronto-striatal disconnection: a path modeling analysis.
}}

Pour générer des pages wiki

HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/RBID.i   -Sk "pubmed:21284039" \
       | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/biblio.hfd   \
       | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a ParkinsonCanadaV1 

Wicri

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.29.
Data generation: Thu May 4 22:20:19 2017. Site generation: Fri Dec 23 23:17:26 2022