A novel combinational approach of microstimulation and bioluminescence imaging to study the mechanisms of action of cerebral electrical stimulation in mice
Identifieur interne : 001A55 ( Ncbi/Curation ); précédent : 001A54; suivant : 001A56A novel combinational approach of microstimulation and bioluminescence imaging to study the mechanisms of action of cerebral electrical stimulation in mice
Auteurs : Dany Arsenault [Canada] ; Janelle Drouin-Ouellet [Royaume-Uni] ; Martine Saint-Pierre [Canada] ; Petros Petrou [Canada] ; Marilyn Dubois [Canada] ; Jasna Kriz [Canada] ; Roger A. Barker [Royaume-Uni] ; Antonio Cicchetti [Canada] ; Francesca Cicchetti [Canada]Source :
- The Journal of Physiology [ 0022-3751 ] ; 2015.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Action Potentials (physiology), Aged, Animals, Autopsy, Brain (physiology), Deep Brain Stimulation (methods), Diagnostic Imaging (methods), Disease Models, Animal, Electrodes, Female, Humans, Luminescent Measurements (methods), Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Microglia (physiology), Middle Aged, Motor Cortex (physiology), Parkinson Disease (physiopathology), Signal Transduction (physiology), Toll-Like Receptor 2 (deficiency), Toll-Like Receptor 2 (genetics), Toll-Like Receptor 2 (physiology).
- MESH :
- chemical , deficiency : Toll-Like Receptor 2.
- chemical , genetics : Toll-Like Receptor 2.
- methods : Deep Brain Stimulation, Diagnostic Imaging, Luminescent Measurements.
- physiology : Action Potentials, Brain, Microglia, Motor Cortex, Signal Transduction, Toll-Like Receptor 2.
- physiopathology : Parkinson Disease.
- Aged, Animals, Autopsy, Disease Models, Animal, Electrodes, Female, Humans, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Middle Aged.
Abstract
We have developed a unique prototype to perform brain stimulation in mice.
This system presents a number of advantages and new developments: 1) all stimulation parameters can be adjusted, 2) both positive and negative current pulses can be generated, guaranteeing electrically balanced stimulation regimen, 3) which can be produced with both low and high impedance electrodes, 4) the developed electrodes ensure localized stimulation and 5) can be used to stimulate and/or record brain potential and 6) in vivo recording of electric pulses allows the detection of defective electrodes (wire breakage or short circuits).
This new micro-stimulator device further allows simultaneous live bioluminescence imaging of the mouse brain, enabling real time assessment of the impact of stimulation on cerebral tissue.
The use of this novel tool in various transgenic mouse models of disease opens up a whole new range of possibilities in better understanding brain stimulation.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is used to treat a number of neurological conditions and is currently being tested to intervene in neuropsychiatric conditions. However, a better understanding of how it works would ensure that side effects could be minimized and benefits optimized. We have thus developed a unique device to perform brain stimulation (BS) in mice and to address fundamental issues related to this methodology in the pre-clinical setting. This new microstimulator prototype was specifically designed to allow simultaneous live bioluminescence imaging of the mouse brain, allowing real time assessment of the impact of stimulation on cerebral tissue. We validated the authenticity of this tool
Url:
DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.287243
PubMed: 25653107
PubMed Central: 4457191
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000042
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000042
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000362
- to stream PubMed, to step Corpus: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000500
- to stream PubMed, to step Curation: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000500
- to stream PubMed, to step Checkpoint: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000500
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :001A55
Links to Exploration step
PMC:4457191Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">A novel combinational approach of microstimulation and bioluminescence imaging to study the mechanisms of action of cerebral electrical stimulation in mice</title>
<author><name sortKey="Arsenault, Dany" sort="Arsenault, Dany" uniqKey="Arsenault D" first="Dany" last="Arsenault">Dany Arsenault</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences</institution>
<addr-line>Québec, QC, Canada</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Québec, QC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drouin Ouellet, Janelle" sort="Drouin Ouellet, Janelle" uniqKey="Drouin Ouellet J" first="Janelle" last="Drouin-Ouellet">Janelle Drouin-Ouellet</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au2"><institution>John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge</institution>
<addr-line>Cambridge, UK</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saint Pierre, Martine" sort="Saint Pierre, Martine" uniqKey="Saint Pierre M" first="Martine" last="Saint-Pierre">Martine Saint-Pierre</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences</institution>
<addr-line>Québec, QC, Canada</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Québec, QC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Petrou, Petros" sort="Petrou, Petros" uniqKey="Petrou P" first="Petros" last="Petrou">Petros Petrou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences</institution>
<addr-line>Québec, QC, Canada</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Québec, QC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dubois, Marilyn" sort="Dubois, Marilyn" uniqKey="Dubois M" first="Marilyn" last="Dubois">Marilyn Dubois</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences</institution>
<addr-line>Québec, QC, Canada</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Québec, QC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kriz, Jasna" sort="Kriz, Jasna" uniqKey="Kriz J" first="Jasna" last="Kriz">Jasna Kriz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au3"><institution>Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Laval</institution>
<addr-line>Québec, QC, Canada</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Québec, QC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au4"><institution>Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec</institution>
<addr-line>Québec, QC, Canada</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Québec, QC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barker, Roger A" sort="Barker, Roger A" uniqKey="Barker R" first="Roger A" last="Barker">Roger A. Barker</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au2"><institution>John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge</institution>
<addr-line>Cambridge, UK</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cicchetti, Antonio" sort="Cicchetti, Antonio" uniqKey="Cicchetti A" first="Antonio" last="Cicchetti">Antonio Cicchetti</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences</institution>
<addr-line>Québec, QC, Canada</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Québec, QC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cicchetti, Francesca" sort="Cicchetti, Francesca" uniqKey="Cicchetti F" first="Francesca" last="Cicchetti">Francesca Cicchetti</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences</institution>
<addr-line>Québec, QC, Canada</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Québec, QC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au3"><institution>Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Laval</institution>
<addr-line>Québec, QC, Canada</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Québec, QC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">25653107</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4457191</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4457191</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:4457191</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1113/jphysiol.2014.287243</idno>
<date when="2015">2015</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000042</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000042</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000042</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000042</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000362</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000362</idno>
<idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000500</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000500</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000500</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000500</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000500</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000500</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">001A55</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">001A55</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A novel combinational approach of microstimulation and bioluminescence imaging to study the mechanisms of action of cerebral electrical stimulation in mice</title>
<author><name sortKey="Arsenault, Dany" sort="Arsenault, Dany" uniqKey="Arsenault D" first="Dany" last="Arsenault">Dany Arsenault</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences</institution>
<addr-line>Québec, QC, Canada</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Québec, QC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drouin Ouellet, Janelle" sort="Drouin Ouellet, Janelle" uniqKey="Drouin Ouellet J" first="Janelle" last="Drouin-Ouellet">Janelle Drouin-Ouellet</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au2"><institution>John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge</institution>
<addr-line>Cambridge, UK</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saint Pierre, Martine" sort="Saint Pierre, Martine" uniqKey="Saint Pierre M" first="Martine" last="Saint-Pierre">Martine Saint-Pierre</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences</institution>
<addr-line>Québec, QC, Canada</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Québec, QC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Petrou, Petros" sort="Petrou, Petros" uniqKey="Petrou P" first="Petros" last="Petrou">Petros Petrou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences</institution>
<addr-line>Québec, QC, Canada</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Québec, QC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dubois, Marilyn" sort="Dubois, Marilyn" uniqKey="Dubois M" first="Marilyn" last="Dubois">Marilyn Dubois</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences</institution>
<addr-line>Québec, QC, Canada</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Québec, QC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kriz, Jasna" sort="Kriz, Jasna" uniqKey="Kriz J" first="Jasna" last="Kriz">Jasna Kriz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au3"><institution>Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Laval</institution>
<addr-line>Québec, QC, Canada</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Québec, QC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au4"><institution>Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec</institution>
<addr-line>Québec, QC, Canada</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Québec, QC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Barker, Roger A" sort="Barker, Roger A" uniqKey="Barker R" first="Roger A" last="Barker">Roger A. Barker</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au2"><institution>John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge</institution>
<addr-line>Cambridge, UK</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Cambridge</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cicchetti, Antonio" sort="Cicchetti, Antonio" uniqKey="Cicchetti A" first="Antonio" last="Cicchetti">Antonio Cicchetti</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences</institution>
<addr-line>Québec, QC, Canada</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Québec, QC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cicchetti, Francesca" sort="Cicchetti, Francesca" uniqKey="Cicchetti F" first="Francesca" last="Cicchetti">Francesca Cicchetti</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au1"><institution>Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences</institution>
<addr-line>Québec, QC, Canada</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Québec, QC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="au3"><institution>Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Laval</institution>
<addr-line>Québec, QC, Canada</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Québec, QC</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>QC</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">The Journal of Physiology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0022-3751</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1469-7793</idno>
<imprint><date when="2015">2015</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Action Potentials (physiology)</term>
<term>Aged</term>
<term>Animals</term>
<term>Autopsy</term>
<term>Brain (physiology)</term>
<term>Deep Brain Stimulation (methods)</term>
<term>Diagnostic Imaging (methods)</term>
<term>Disease Models, Animal</term>
<term>Electrodes</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Luminescent Measurements (methods)</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Mice</term>
<term>Mice, Inbred C57BL</term>
<term>Mice, Transgenic</term>
<term>Microglia (physiology)</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Motor Cortex (physiology)</term>
<term>Parkinson Disease (physiopathology)</term>
<term>Signal Transduction (physiology)</term>
<term>Toll-Like Receptor 2 (deficiency)</term>
<term>Toll-Like Receptor 2 (genetics)</term>
<term>Toll-Like Receptor 2 (physiology)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="deficiency" xml:lang="en"><term>Toll-Like Receptor 2</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Toll-Like Receptor 2</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Deep Brain Stimulation</term>
<term>Diagnostic Imaging</term>
<term>Luminescent Measurements</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Action Potentials</term>
<term>Brain</term>
<term>Microglia</term>
<term>Motor Cortex</term>
<term>Signal Transduction</term>
<term>Toll-Like Receptor 2</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiopathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Parkinson Disease</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Aged</term>
<term>Animals</term>
<term>Autopsy</term>
<term>Disease Models, Animal</term>
<term>Electrodes</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Mice</term>
<term>Mice, Inbred C57BL</term>
<term>Mice, Transgenic</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Key points</title>
<p><list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p>We have developed a unique prototype to perform brain stimulation in mice.
</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>This system presents a number of advantages and new developments: 1) all stimulation parameters can be adjusted, 2) both positive and negative current pulses can be generated, guaranteeing electrically balanced stimulation regimen, 3) which can be produced with both low and high impedance electrodes, 4) the developed electrodes ensure localized stimulation and 5) can be used to stimulate and/or record brain potential and 6) in vivo recording of electric pulses allows the detection of defective electrodes (wire breakage or short circuits).
</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>This new micro-stimulator device further allows simultaneous live bioluminescence imaging of the mouse brain, enabling real time assessment of the impact of stimulation on cerebral tissue.
</p>
</list-item>
<list-item><p>The use of this novel tool in various transgenic mouse models of disease opens up a whole new range of possibilities in better understanding brain stimulation.
</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Abstract</title>
<p>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is used to treat a number of neurological conditions and is currently being tested to intervene in neuropsychiatric conditions. However, a better understanding of how it works would ensure that side effects could be minimized and benefits optimized. We have thus developed a unique device to perform brain stimulation (BS) in mice and to address fundamental issues related to this methodology in the pre-clinical setting. This new microstimulator prototype was specifically designed to allow simultaneous live bioluminescence imaging of the mouse brain, allowing real time assessment of the impact of stimulation on cerebral tissue. We validated the authenticity of this tool <italic>in vivo</italic>
by analysing the expression of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), corresponding to the microglial response, in the stimulated brain regions of TLR2-fluc-GFP transgenic mice, which we further corroborated with post-mortem analyses in these animals as well as in human brains of patients who underwent DBS to treat their Parkinson's disease. In the present study, we report on the development of the first BS device that allows for simultaneous live <italic>in vivo</italic>
imaging in mice. This tool opens up a whole new range of possibilities that allow a better understanding of BS and how to optimize its effects through its use in murine models of disease.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Canada/explor/ParkinsonCanadaV1/Data/Ncbi/Curation
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001A55 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Curation/biblio.hfd -nk 001A55 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Wicri/Canada |area= ParkinsonCanadaV1 |flux= Ncbi |étape= Curation |type= RBID |clé= PMC:4457191 |texte= A novel combinational approach of microstimulation and bioluminescence imaging to study the mechanisms of action of cerebral electrical stimulation in mice }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Curation/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:25653107" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Curation/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a ParkinsonCanadaV1
This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.29. |