Glial Reactions in Parkinson's Disease
Identifieur interne : 002606 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 002605; suivant : 002607Glial Reactions in Parkinson's Disease
Auteurs : Patrick L. Mcgeer [Canada] ; Edith G. Mcgeer [Canada]Source :
- Movement disorders [ 0885-3185 ] ; 2008.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra are particularly vulnerable to oxidative and inflammatory attack. Such processes may play a crucial role in the etiology of Parkinson disease (PD). Since glia are the main generators of these processes, the possibility that PD may be caused by glial dysfunction needs to be considered. This review concentrates on glial reactions in PD. Reactive astrocytes and reactive microglia are abundant in the substantia nigra (SN) of PD cases indicating a robust inflammatory state. Glia normally serve neuroprotective roles but, given adverse stimulation, they may contribute to damaging chronic inflammation. Microglia, the phagocytes of brain, may be the main contributors since they can produce large numbers of superoxide anions and other neurotoxins. Their toxicity towards dopaminergic neurons has been demonstrated in tissue culture and various animal models of PD. The MPTP and α-synuclein models are of particular interest. Years after exposure to MPTP, inflammation has been observed in the SN. This has established that an acute insult to the SN can result in a sustained local inflammation. The α-synuclein model indicates that an endogenous protein can induce inflammation, and, when overexpressed, can lead to autosomal dominant PD. Less is known about the role of astrocytes than microglia, but they are known to secrete both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory molecules and may play a role in modulating microglial activity. Oligodendrocytes do not seem to play a role in promoting inflammation although, like neurons, they may be damaged by inflammatory processes. Further research concerning glial reactions in PD may lead to disease-modifying therapeutic approaches.
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Glial Reactions in Parkinson's Disease</title><author><name sortKey="Mcgeer, Patrick L" sort="Mcgeer, Patrick L" uniqKey="Mcgeer P" first="Patrick L." last="Mcgeer">Patrick L. Mcgeer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, University of British Columbia</s1><s2>Vancouver, British Columbia</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Vancouver, British Columbia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgeer, Edith G" sort="Mcgeer, Edith G" uniqKey="Mcgeer E" first="Edith G." last="Mcgeer">Edith G. Mcgeer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, University of British Columbia</s1><s2>Vancouver, British Columbia</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Vancouver, British Columbia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">08-0199299</idno><date when="2008">2008</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 08-0199299 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:08-0199299</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">000659</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">000651</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">000545</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000545</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0885-3185:2008:Mcgeer P:glial:reactions:in</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">002606</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Glial Reactions in Parkinson's Disease</title><author><name sortKey="Mcgeer, Patrick L" sort="Mcgeer, Patrick L" uniqKey="Mcgeer P" first="Patrick L." last="Mcgeer">Patrick L. Mcgeer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, University of British Columbia</s1><s2>Vancouver, British Columbia</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Vancouver, British Columbia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgeer, Edith G" sort="Mcgeer, Edith G" uniqKey="Mcgeer E" first="Edith G." last="Mcgeer">Edith G. Mcgeer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Kinsmen Laboratory of Neurological Research, University of British Columbia</s1><s2>Vancouver, British Columbia</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Vancouver, British Columbia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Movement disorders</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Mov. disord.</title><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno><imprint><date when="2008">2008</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Movement disorders</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Mov. disord.</title><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Astrocyte</term><term>Inflammation</term><term>Microglia</term><term>Nervous system diseases</term><term>Oligodendroglia</term><term>Oxidative stress</term><term>Parkinson disease</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Maladie de Parkinson</term><term>Pathologie du système nerveux</term><term>Microglie</term><term>Inflammation</term><term>Astrocyte</term><term>Oligodendroglie</term><term>Stress oxydatif</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra are particularly vulnerable to oxidative and inflammatory attack. Such processes may play a crucial role in the etiology of Parkinson disease (PD). Since glia are the main generators of these processes, the possibility that PD may be caused by glial dysfunction needs to be considered. This review concentrates on glial reactions in PD. Reactive astrocytes and reactive microglia are abundant in the substantia nigra (SN) of PD cases indicating a robust inflammatory state. Glia normally serve neuroprotective roles but, given adverse stimulation, they may contribute to damaging chronic inflammation. Microglia, the phagocytes of brain, may be the main contributors since they can produce large numbers of superoxide anions and other neurotoxins. Their toxicity towards dopaminergic neurons has been demonstrated in tissue culture and various animal models of PD. The MPTP and α-synuclein models are of particular interest. Years after exposure to MPTP, inflammation has been observed in the SN. This has established that an acute insult to the SN can result in a sustained local inflammation. The α-synuclein model indicates that an endogenous protein can induce inflammation, and, when overexpressed, can lead to autosomal dominant PD. Less is known about the role of astrocytes than microglia, but they are known to secrete both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory molecules and may play a role in modulating microglial activity. Oligodendrocytes do not seem to play a role in promoting inflammation although, like neurons, they may be damaged by inflammatory processes. Further research concerning glial reactions in PD may lead to disease-modifying therapeutic approaches.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Canada</li></country></list><tree><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Mcgeer, Patrick L" sort="Mcgeer, Patrick L" uniqKey="Mcgeer P" first="Patrick L." last="Mcgeer">Patrick L. Mcgeer</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Mcgeer, Edith G" sort="Mcgeer, Edith G" uniqKey="Mcgeer E" first="Edith G." last="Mcgeer">Edith G. Mcgeer</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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