Spatial control of reflexes, posture and movement in normal conditions and after neurological lesions
Identifieur interne : 000202 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 000201; suivant : 000203Spatial control of reflexes, posture and movement in normal conditions and after neurological lesions
Auteurs : Anatol G. Feldman [Canada] ; Mindy F. Levin [Canada]Source :
- Journal of Human Kinetics [ 1640-5544 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Control of reflexes is usually associated with central modulation of their sensitivity (gain) or phase-dependent inhibition and facilitation of their influences on motoneurons (reflex gating). Accumulated empirical findings show that the gain modulation and reflex gating are secondary, emergent properties of central control of spatial thresholds at which reflexes become functional. In this way, the system pre-determines, in a feedforward and task-specific way, where, in a spatial domain or a frame of reference, muscles are allowed to work without directly prescribing EMG activity and forces. This control strategy is illustrated by considering reflex adaptation to repeated muscle stretches in healthy subjects, a process associated with implicit learning and generalization. It has also been shown that spasticity, rigidity, weakness and other neurological motor deficits may have a common source – limitations in the range of spatial threshold control elicited by neural lesions.
Url:
DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2015-0191
PubMed: 28149391
PubMed Central: 5260515
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Feldman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), Montreal, Quebec,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levin, Mindy F" sort="Levin, Mindy F" uniqKey="Levin M" first="Mindy F." last="Levin">Mindy F. Levin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), Montreal, Quebec,<country>Canada</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Human Kinetics</title><idno type="ISSN">1640-5544</idno><idno type="eISSN">1899-7562</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Abstract</title><p>Control of reflexes is usually associated with central modulation of their sensitivity (gain) or phase-dependent inhibition and facilitation of their influences on motoneurons (reflex gating). Accumulated empirical findings show that the gain modulation and reflex gating are secondary, emergent properties of central control of spatial thresholds at which reflexes become functional. In this way, the system pre-determines, in a feedforward and task-specific way, where, in a spatial domain or a frame of reference, muscles are allowed to work without directly prescribing EMG activity and forces. This control strategy is illustrated by considering reflex adaptation to repeated muscle stretches in healthy subjects, a process associated with implicit learning and generalization. It has also been shown that spasticity, rigidity, weakness and other neurological motor deficits may have a common source – limitations in the range of spatial threshold control elicited by neural lesions.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Andronov, Aa" uniqKey="Andronov A">AA Andronov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chaikin, Se" uniqKey="Chaikin S">SE. Chaikin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Asatryan, Dg" uniqKey="Asatryan D">DG Asatryan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Feldman, Ag" uniqKey="Feldman A">AG. 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