Polar cap Sporadic-E: Part 1, Observations
Identifieur interne : 003399 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 003398; suivant : 003400Polar cap Sporadic-E: Part 1, Observations
Auteurs : J. W. Macdougall [Canada] ; P. T. Jayachandran [Canada] ; J. M. C. Plane [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics [ 1364-6826 ] ; 2000.
Abstract
Sporadic E (Es) is reasonably common in the central polar cap where some of the mechanisms that produce Es at lower latitudes should become inoperative. There is some occasional auroral Es but this is readily identifiable. The other types of Es that are observed have different properties in winter and summer. The characteristic winter type is a “height-spread”, short-lived layer that tends to occur in the middle and upper E region. The common summer type is in the form of a “thin”, long-lived layer in the lower E region. Both summer and winter types are associated with positive IMF By. We explain the initial formation of Es by gravity waves that move ionization out of the lower F region into the E region and concentrate it at reversals of vertical gravity wave motion. These concentrations are seen in winter as transient Es layers. In summer, these transient layers persist and change into long-lived thin Es layers because of metallic ions that are maintained in an ionized state by charge exchange of neutral metal atoms with the ambient E region NO+ and O2+ ions produced by photo-ionization.
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DOI: 10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00093-6
Affiliations:
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W." last="Macdougall">J. W. Macdougall</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country wicri:rule="url">Canada</country></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country>Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ont</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jayachandran, P T" sort="Jayachandran, P T" uniqKey="Jayachandran P" first="P. T." last="Jayachandran">P. T. Jayachandran</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country>Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Ont</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Plane, J M C" sort="Plane, J M C" uniqKey="Plane J" first="J. M. C." last="Plane">J. M. C. Plane</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Norwich</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">ATP</title><idno type="ISSN">1364-6826</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2000">2000</date><biblScope unit="volume">62</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">13</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1155">1155</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1167">1167</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1364-6826</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1364-6826</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Sporadic E (Es) is reasonably common in the central polar cap where some of the mechanisms that produce Es at lower latitudes should become inoperative. There is some occasional auroral Es but this is readily identifiable. The other types of Es that are observed have different properties in winter and summer. The characteristic winter type is a “height-spread”, short-lived layer that tends to occur in the middle and upper E region. The common summer type is in the form of a “thin”, long-lived layer in the lower E region. Both summer and winter types are associated with positive IMF By. We explain the initial formation of Es by gravity waves that move ionization out of the lower F region into the E region and concentrate it at reversals of vertical gravity wave motion. These concentrations are seen in winter as transient Es layers. In summer, these transient layers persist and change into long-lived thin Es layers because of metallic ions that are maintained in an ionized state by charge exchange of neutral metal atoms with the ambient E region NO+ and O2+ ions produced by photo-ionization.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Canada</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li></country></list><tree><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Macdougall, J W" sort="Macdougall, J W" uniqKey="Macdougall J" first="J. W." last="Macdougall">J. W. Macdougall</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Jayachandran, P T" sort="Jayachandran, P T" uniqKey="Jayachandran P" first="P. T." last="Jayachandran">P. T. Jayachandran</name><name sortKey="Macdougall, J W" sort="Macdougall, J W" uniqKey="Macdougall J" first="J. W." last="Macdougall">J. W. Macdougall</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Plane, J M C" sort="Plane, J M C" uniqKey="Plane J" first="J. M. C." last="Plane">J. M. C. 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