A new analysis of the short-duration, hard-spectrum GRB 051103, a possible extragalactic soft gamma repeater giant flare
Identifieur interne : 002B05 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 002B04; suivant : 002B06A new analysis of the short-duration, hard-spectrum GRB 051103, a possible extragalactic soft gamma repeater giant flare
Auteurs : K. Hurley ; A. Rowlinson ; E. Bellm ; D. Perley ; I. G. Mitrofanov ; D. V. Golovin ; A. S. Kozyrev ; M. L. Litvak ; A. B. Sanin ; W. Boynton ; C. Fellows ; K. Harshmann ; M. Ohno ; K. Yamaoka ; Y. E. Nakagawa ; D. M. Smith ; T. Cline ; N. R. Tanvir ; P. T. O'Brien ; K. Wiersema ; E. Rol ; A. Levan ; J. Rhoads ; A. Fruchter ; D. Bersier ; J. J. Kavelaars ; N. Gehrels ; H. Krimm ; D. M. Palmer ; R. C. Duncan ; C. Wigger ; W. Hajdas ; J.-L. Atteia ; G. Ricker ; R. Vanderspek ; A. Rau ; A. Von KienlinSource :
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society [ 0035-8711 ] ; 2010-03-21.
Abstract
GRB 051103 is considered to be a candidate soft gamma repeater (SGR) extragalactic giant magnetar flare by virtue of its proximity on the sky to M81/M82, as well as its time history, localization and energy spectrum. We have derived a refined interplanetary network localization for this burst which reduces the size of the error box by over a factor of 2. We examine its time history for evidence of a periodic component, which would be one signature of an SGR giant flare, and conclude that this component is neither detected nor detectable under reasonable assumptions. We analyse the time-resolved energy spectra of this event with improved time and energy resolution, and conclude that although the spectrum is very hard its temporal evolution at late times cannot be determined, which further complicates the giant flare association. We also present new optical observations reaching limiting magnitudes of R > 24.5, about 4-mag deeper than previously reported. In tandem with serendipitous observations of M81 taken immediately before and 1 month after the burst, these place strong constraints on any rapidly variable sources in the region of the refined error ellipse proximate to M81. We do not find any convincing afterglow candidates from either background galaxies or sources in M81, although within the refined error region we do locate two UV bright star-forming regions which may host SGRs. A supernova remnant (SNR) within the error ellipse could provide further support for an SGR giant flare association, but we were unable to identify any SNR within the error ellipse. These data still do not allow strong constraints on the nature of the GRB 051103 progenitor, and suggest that candidate extragalactic SGR giant flares will be difficult, although not impossible, to confirm.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16118.x
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<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title>A new analysis of the short-duration, hard-spectrum GRB 051103, a possible extragalactic soft gamma repeater giant flare</title><author><name sortKey="Hurley, K" sort="Hurley, K" uniqKey="Hurley K" first="K." last="Hurley">K. Hurley</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of California, Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: khurley@ssl.berkeley.edu</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rowlinson, A" sort="Rowlinson, A" uniqKey="Rowlinson A" first="A." last="Rowlinson">A. Rowlinson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bellm, E" sort="Bellm, E" uniqKey="Bellm E" first="E." last="Bellm">E. Bellm</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of California, Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perley, D" sort="Perley, D" uniqKey="Perley D" first="D." last="Perley">D. Perley</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mitrofanov, I G" sort="Mitrofanov, I G" uniqKey="Mitrofanov I" first="I. G." last="Mitrofanov">I. G. Mitrofanov</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Space Research, Profsojuznaja 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Golovin, D V" sort="Golovin, D V" uniqKey="Golovin D" first="D. V." last="Golovin">D. V. Golovin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Space Research, Profsojuznaja 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kozyrev, A S" sort="Kozyrev, A S" uniqKey="Kozyrev A" first="A. S." last="Kozyrev">A. S. Kozyrev</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Space Research, Profsojuznaja 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Litvak, M L" sort="Litvak, M L" uniqKey="Litvak M" first="M. L." last="Litvak">M. L. Litvak</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Space Research, Profsojuznaja 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanin, A B" sort="Sanin, A B" uniqKey="Sanin A" first="A. B." last="Sanin">A. B. Sanin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Space Research, Profsojuznaja 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boynton, W" sort="Boynton, W" uniqKey="Boynton W" first="W." last="Boynton">W. Boynton</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fellows, C" sort="Fellows, C" uniqKey="Fellows C" first="C." last="Fellows">C. Fellows</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harshmann, K" sort="Harshmann, K" uniqKey="Harshmann K" first="K." last="Harshmann">K. Harshmann</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ohno, M" sort="Ohno, M" uniqKey="Ohno M" first="M." last="Ohno">M. Ohno</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS/JAXA), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yamaoka, K" sort="Yamaoka, K" uniqKey="Yamaoka K" first="K." last="Yamaoka">K. Yamaoka</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8558, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakagawa, Y E" sort="Nakagawa, Y E" uniqKey="Nakagawa Y" first="Y. E." last="Nakagawa">Y. E. Nakagawa</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, D M" sort="Smith, D M" uniqKey="Smith D" first="D. M." last="Smith">D. M. Smith</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physics and Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cline, T" sort="Cline, T" uniqKey="Cline T" first="T." last="Cline">T. Cline</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Emeritus, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanvir, N R" sort="Tanvir, N R" uniqKey="Tanvir N" first="N. R." last="Tanvir">N. R. Tanvir</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Brien, P T" sort="O Brien, P T" uniqKey="O Brien P" first="P. T." last="O'Brien">P. T. O'Brien</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wiersema, K" sort="Wiersema, K" uniqKey="Wiersema K" first="K." last="Wiersema">K. Wiersema</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rol, E" sort="Rol, E" uniqKey="Rol E" first="E." last="Rol">E. Rol</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Amsterdam, Science Park Amsterdam, Kruislaan 403, 1098 SJ, Amsterdam</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levan, A" sort="Levan, A" uniqKey="Levan A" first="A." last="Levan">A. Levan</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rhoads, J" sort="Rhoads, J" uniqKey="Rhoads J" first="J." last="Rhoads">J. Rhoads</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fruchter, A" sort="Fruchter, A" uniqKey="Fruchter A" first="A." last="Fruchter">A. Fruchter</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bersier, D" sort="Bersier, D" uniqKey="Bersier D" first="D." last="Bersier">D. Bersier</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Twelve Quays House, Birkenhead CH41 1LD</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kavelaars, J J" sort="Kavelaars, J J" uniqKey="Kavelaars J" first="J. J." last="Kavelaars">J. J. Kavelaars</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, National Research Council, 5017 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gehrels, N" sort="Gehrels, N" uniqKey="Gehrels N" first="N." last="Gehrels">N. Gehrels</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krimm, H" sort="Krimm, H" uniqKey="Krimm H" first="H." last="Krimm">H. Krimm</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmer, D M" sort="Palmer, D M" uniqKey="Palmer D" first="D. M." last="Palmer">D. M. Palmer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duncan, R C" sort="Duncan, R C" uniqKey="Duncan R" first="R. C." last="Duncan">R. C. Duncan</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Physics, 1 University Station C1600, Austin, Texas 78712-0264, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wigger, C" sort="Wigger, C" uniqKey="Wigger C" first="C." last="Wigger">C. Wigger</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hajdas, W" sort="Hajdas, W" uniqKey="Hajdas W" first="W." last="Hajdas">W. Hajdas</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Atteia, J L" sort="Atteia, J L" uniqKey="Atteia J" first="J.-L." last="Atteia">J.-L. Atteia</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratoire d'Astrophysique, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, 14 avenue E. Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ricker, G" sort="Ricker, G" uniqKey="Ricker G" first="G." last="Ricker">G. Ricker</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 70 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vanderspek, R" sort="Vanderspek, R" uniqKey="Vanderspek R" first="R." last="Vanderspek">R. Vanderspek</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 70 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rau, A" sort="Rau, A" uniqKey="Rau A" first="A." last="Rau">A. Rau</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, Garching 85748, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Von Kienlin, A" sort="Von Kienlin, A" uniqKey="Von Kienlin A" first="A." last="Von Kienlin">A. Von Kienlin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, Garching 85748, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:C904889D5B2ECD959DD657B36494714F4E2C9B3E</idno><date when="2010" year="2010">2010</date><idno type="doi">10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16118.x</idno><idno type="url">https://api-v5.istex.fr/document/C904889D5B2ECD959DD657B36494714F4E2C9B3E/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">002B05</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">002B05</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a">A new analysis of the short-duration, hard-spectrum GRB 051103, a possible extragalactic soft gamma repeater giant flare</title><author><name sortKey="Hurley, K" sort="Hurley, K" uniqKey="Hurley K" first="K." last="Hurley">K. Hurley</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of California, Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: khurley@ssl.berkeley.edu</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rowlinson, A" sort="Rowlinson, A" uniqKey="Rowlinson A" first="A." last="Rowlinson">A. Rowlinson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bellm, E" sort="Bellm, E" uniqKey="Bellm E" first="E." last="Bellm">E. Bellm</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of California, Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perley, D" sort="Perley, D" uniqKey="Perley D" first="D." last="Perley">D. Perley</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mitrofanov, I G" sort="Mitrofanov, I G" uniqKey="Mitrofanov I" first="I. G." last="Mitrofanov">I. G. Mitrofanov</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Space Research, Profsojuznaja 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Golovin, D V" sort="Golovin, D V" uniqKey="Golovin D" first="D. V." last="Golovin">D. V. Golovin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Space Research, Profsojuznaja 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kozyrev, A S" sort="Kozyrev, A S" uniqKey="Kozyrev A" first="A. S." last="Kozyrev">A. S. Kozyrev</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Space Research, Profsojuznaja 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Litvak, M L" sort="Litvak, M L" uniqKey="Litvak M" first="M. L." last="Litvak">M. L. Litvak</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Space Research, Profsojuznaja 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sanin, A B" sort="Sanin, A B" uniqKey="Sanin A" first="A. B." last="Sanin">A. B. Sanin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Space Research, Profsojuznaja 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boynton, W" sort="Boynton, W" uniqKey="Boynton W" first="W." last="Boynton">W. Boynton</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fellows, C" sort="Fellows, C" uniqKey="Fellows C" first="C." last="Fellows">C. Fellows</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harshmann, K" sort="Harshmann, K" uniqKey="Harshmann K" first="K." last="Harshmann">K. Harshmann</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ohno, M" sort="Ohno, M" uniqKey="Ohno M" first="M." last="Ohno">M. Ohno</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS/JAXA), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yamaoka, K" sort="Yamaoka, K" uniqKey="Yamaoka K" first="K." last="Yamaoka">K. Yamaoka</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8558, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nakagawa, Y E" sort="Nakagawa, Y E" uniqKey="Nakagawa Y" first="Y. E." last="Nakagawa">Y. E. Nakagawa</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, D M" sort="Smith, D M" uniqKey="Smith D" first="D. M." last="Smith">D. M. Smith</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physics and Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cline, T" sort="Cline, T" uniqKey="Cline T" first="T." last="Cline">T. Cline</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Emeritus, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanvir, N R" sort="Tanvir, N R" uniqKey="Tanvir N" first="N. R." last="Tanvir">N. R. Tanvir</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="O Brien, P T" sort="O Brien, P T" uniqKey="O Brien P" first="P. T." last="O'Brien">P. T. O'Brien</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wiersema, K" sort="Wiersema, K" uniqKey="Wiersema K" first="K." last="Wiersema">K. Wiersema</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rol, E" sort="Rol, E" uniqKey="Rol E" first="E." last="Rol">E. Rol</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Amsterdam, Science Park Amsterdam, Kruislaan 403, 1098 SJ, Amsterdam</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levan, A" sort="Levan, A" uniqKey="Levan A" first="A." last="Levan">A. Levan</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rhoads, J" sort="Rhoads, J" uniqKey="Rhoads J" first="J." last="Rhoads">J. Rhoads</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fruchter, A" sort="Fruchter, A" uniqKey="Fruchter A" first="A." last="Fruchter">A. Fruchter</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bersier, D" sort="Bersier, D" uniqKey="Bersier D" first="D." last="Bersier">D. Bersier</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Twelve Quays House, Birkenhead CH41 1LD</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kavelaars, J J" sort="Kavelaars, J J" uniqKey="Kavelaars J" first="J. J." last="Kavelaars">J. J. Kavelaars</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, National Research Council, 5017 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gehrels, N" sort="Gehrels, N" uniqKey="Gehrels N" first="N." last="Gehrels">N. Gehrels</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Krimm, H" sort="Krimm, H" uniqKey="Krimm H" first="H." last="Krimm">H. Krimm</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Palmer, D M" sort="Palmer, D M" uniqKey="Palmer D" first="D. M." last="Palmer">D. M. Palmer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duncan, R C" sort="Duncan, R C" uniqKey="Duncan R" first="R. C." last="Duncan">R. C. Duncan</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Physics, 1 University Station C1600, Austin, Texas 78712-0264, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wigger, C" sort="Wigger, C" uniqKey="Wigger C" first="C." last="Wigger">C. Wigger</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hajdas, W" sort="Hajdas, W" uniqKey="Hajdas W" first="W." last="Hajdas">W. Hajdas</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Atteia, J L" sort="Atteia, J L" uniqKey="Atteia J" first="J.-L." last="Atteia">J.-L. Atteia</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratoire d'Astrophysique, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, 14 avenue E. Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ricker, G" sort="Ricker, G" uniqKey="Ricker G" first="G." last="Ricker">G. Ricker</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 70 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vanderspek, R" sort="Vanderspek, R" uniqKey="Vanderspek R" first="R." last="Vanderspek">R. Vanderspek</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 70 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rau, A" sort="Rau, A" uniqKey="Rau A" first="A." last="Rau">A. Rau</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, Garching 85748, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Von Kienlin, A" sort="Von Kienlin, A" uniqKey="Von Kienlin A" first="A." last="Von Kienlin">A. Von Kienlin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, Garching 85748, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</title><idno type="ISSN">0035-8711</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-2966</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-03-21">2010-03-21</date><biblScope unit="volume">403</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="342">342</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="352">352</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0035-8711</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0035-8711</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">GRB 051103 is considered to be a candidate soft gamma repeater (SGR) extragalactic giant magnetar flare by virtue of its proximity on the sky to M81/M82, as well as its time history, localization and energy spectrum. We have derived a refined interplanetary network localization for this burst which reduces the size of the error box by over a factor of 2. We examine its time history for evidence of a periodic component, which would be one signature of an SGR giant flare, and conclude that this component is neither detected nor detectable under reasonable assumptions. We analyse the time-resolved energy spectra of this event with improved time and energy resolution, and conclude that although the spectrum is very hard its temporal evolution at late times cannot be determined, which further complicates the giant flare association. We also present new optical observations reaching limiting magnitudes of R > 24.5, about 4-mag deeper than previously reported. In tandem with serendipitous observations of M81 taken immediately before and 1 month after the burst, these place strong constraints on any rapidly variable sources in the region of the refined error ellipse proximate to M81. We do not find any convincing afterglow candidates from either background galaxies or sources in M81, although within the refined error region we do locate two UV bright star-forming regions which may host SGRs. A supernova remnant (SNR) within the error ellipse could provide further support for an SGR giant flare association, but we were unable to identify any SNR within the error ellipse. These data still do not allow strong constraints on the nature of the GRB 051103 progenitor, and suggest that candidate extragalactic SGR giant flares will be difficult, although not impossible, to confirm.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>oup</corpusName><author><json:item><name>K. Hurley</name><affiliations><json:string>University of California, Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450, USA</json:string><json:string>E-mail: khurley@ssl.berkeley.edu</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A. Rowlinson</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>E. Bellm</name><affiliations><json:string>University of California, Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>D. Perley</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>I. G. Mitrofanov</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute for Space Research, Profsojuznaja 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>D. V. Golovin</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute for Space Research, Profsojuznaja 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A. S. Kozyrev</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute for Space Research, Profsojuznaja 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M. L. Litvak</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute for Space Research, Profsojuznaja 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A. B. Sanin</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute for Space Research, Profsojuznaja 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>W. Boynton</name><affiliations><json:string>University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>C. Fellows</name><affiliations><json:string>University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>K. Harshmann</name><affiliations><json:string>University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M. Ohno</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS/JAXA), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>K. Yamaoka</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8558, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Y. E. Nakagawa</name><affiliations><json:string>The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>D. M. Smith</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Physics and Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>T. Cline</name><affiliations><json:string>Emeritus, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>N. R. Tanvir</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>P. T. O'Brien</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>K. Wiersema</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>E. Rol</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</json:string><json:string>University of Amsterdam, Science Park Amsterdam, Kruislaan 403, 1098 SJ, Amsterdam</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A. Levan</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J. Rhoads</name><affiliations><json:string>School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A. Fruchter</name><affiliations><json:string>Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>D. Bersier</name><affiliations><json:string>Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Twelve Quays House, Birkenhead CH41 1LD</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J. J. Kavelaars</name><affiliations><json:string>Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, National Research Council, 5017 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>N. Gehrels</name><affiliations><json:string>NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>H. Krimm</name><affiliations><json:string>NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>D. M. Palmer</name><affiliations><json:string>Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R. C. Duncan</name><affiliations><json:string>The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Physics, 1 University Station C1600, Austin, Texas 78712-0264, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>C. Wigger</name><affiliations><json:string>Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>W. Hajdas</name><affiliations><json:string>Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J.-L. Atteia</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratoire d'Astrophysique, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, 14 avenue E. Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>G. Ricker</name><affiliations><json:string>Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 70 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R. Vanderspek</name><affiliations><json:string>Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 70 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A. Rau</name><affiliations><json:string>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, Garching 85748, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A. von Kienlin</name><affiliations><json:string>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, Garching 85748, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><value>Papers</value></json:item><json:item><value>stars: neutron</value></json:item><json:item><value>gamma-rays: bursts</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>research-article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>GRB 051103 is considered to be a candidate soft gamma repeater (SGR) extragalactic giant magnetar flare by virtue of its proximity on the sky to M81/M82, as well as its time history, localization and energy spectrum. We have derived a refined interplanetary network localization for this burst which reduces the size of the error box by over a factor of 2. We examine its time history for evidence of a periodic component, which would be one signature of an SGR giant flare, and conclude that this component is neither detected nor detectable under reasonable assumptions. We analyse the time-resolved energy spectra of this event with improved time and energy resolution, and conclude that although the spectrum is very hard its temporal evolution at late times cannot be determined, which further complicates the giant flare association. We also present new optical observations reaching limiting magnitudes of R > 24.5, about 4-mag deeper than previously reported. In tandem with serendipitous observations of M81 taken immediately before and 1 month after the burst, these place strong constraints on any rapidly variable sources in the region of the refined error ellipse proximate to M81. We do not find any convincing afterglow candidates from either background galaxies or sources in M81, although within the refined error region we do locate two UV bright star-forming regions which may host SGRs. A supernova remnant (SNR) within the error ellipse could provide further support for an SGR giant flare association, but we were unable to identify any SNR within the error ellipse. These data still do not allow strong constraints on the nature of the GRB 051103 progenitor, and suggest that candidate extragalactic SGR giant flares will be difficult, although not impossible, to confirm.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>10</score><pdfWordCount>9452</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>50318</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.4</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>11</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>595.274 x 782.286 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>false</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>286</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>1795</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>3</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>A new analysis of the short-duration, hard-spectrum GRB 051103, a possible extragalactic soft gamma repeater giant flare</title><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><title>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><issn><json:string>0035-8711</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>1365-2966</json:string></eissn><publisherId><json:string>mnras</json:string></publisherId><volume>403</volume><issue>1</issue><pages><first>342</first><last>352</last></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre></host><categories><wos><json:string>science</json:string><json:string>astronomy & astrophysics</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>natural sciences</json:string><json:string>physics & astronomy</json:string><json:string>astronomy & astrophysics</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>2010</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2010</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16118.x</json:string></doi><id>C904889D5B2ECD959DD657B36494714F4E2C9B3E</id><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api-v5.istex.fr/document/C904889D5B2ECD959DD657B36494714F4E2C9B3E/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api-v5.istex.fr/document/C904889D5B2ECD959DD657B36494714F4E2C9B3E/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api-v5.istex.fr/document/C904889D5B2ECD959DD657B36494714F4E2C9B3E/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a">A new analysis of the short-duration, hard-spectrum GRB 051103, a possible extragalactic soft gamma repeater giant flare</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><availability><p>© 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 RAS</p></availability><date>2010-03-08</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note>Visiting Astronomer, Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatories, which are operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA) under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a">A new analysis of the short-duration, hard-spectrum GRB 051103, a possible extragalactic soft gamma repeater giant flare</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">K.</forename><surname>Hurley</surname></persName><email>khurley@ssl.berkeley.edu</email><affiliation>University of California, Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">A.</forename><surname>Rowlinson</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">E.</forename><surname>Bellm</surname></persName><affiliation>University of California, Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">D.</forename><surname>Perley</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">I. G.</forename><surname>Mitrofanov</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute for Space Research, Profsojuznaja 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0005"><persName><forename type="first">D. V.</forename><surname>Golovin</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute for Space Research, Profsojuznaja 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0006"><persName><forename type="first">A. S.</forename><surname>Kozyrev</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute for Space Research, Profsojuznaja 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0007"><persName><forename type="first">M. L.</forename><surname>Litvak</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute for Space Research, Profsojuznaja 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0008"><persName><forename type="first">A. B.</forename><surname>Sanin</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute for Space Research, Profsojuznaja 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0009"><persName><forename type="first">W.</forename><surname>Boynton</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0010"><persName><forename type="first">C.</forename><surname>Fellows</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0011"><persName><forename type="first">K.</forename><surname>Harshmann</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0012"><persName><forename type="first">M.</forename><surname>Ohno</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS/JAXA), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0013"><persName><forename type="first">K.</forename><surname>Yamaoka</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8558, Japan</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0014"><persName><forename type="first">Y. E.</forename><surname>Nakagawa</surname></persName><affiliation>The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0015"><persName><forename type="first">D. M.</forename><surname>Smith</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Physics and Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0016"><persName><forename type="first">T.</forename><surname>Cline</surname></persName><affiliation>Emeritus, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0017"><persName><forename type="first">N. R.</forename><surname>Tanvir</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0018"><persName><forename type="first">P. T.</forename><surname>O'Brien</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0019"><persName><forename type="first">K.</forename><surname>Wiersema</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0020"><persName><forename type="first">E.</forename><surname>Rol</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</affiliation><affiliation>University of Amsterdam, Science Park Amsterdam, Kruislaan 403, 1098 SJ, Amsterdam</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0021"><persName><forename type="first">A.</forename><surname>Levan</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0022"><persName><forename type="first">J.</forename><surname>Rhoads</surname></persName><affiliation>School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0023"><persName><forename type="first">A.</forename><surname>Fruchter</surname></persName><affiliation>Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0024"><persName><forename type="first">D.</forename><surname>Bersier</surname></persName><affiliation>Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Twelve Quays House, Birkenhead CH41 1LD</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0025"><persName><forename type="first">J. J.</forename><surname>Kavelaars</surname></persName><affiliation>Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, National Research Council, 5017 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0026"><persName><forename type="first">N.</forename><surname>Gehrels</surname></persName><affiliation>NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0027"><persName><forename type="first">H.</forename><surname>Krimm</surname></persName><affiliation>NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0028"><persName><forename type="first">D. M.</forename><surname>Palmer</surname></persName><affiliation>Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0029"><persName><forename type="first">R. C.</forename><surname>Duncan</surname></persName><affiliation>The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Physics, 1 University Station C1600, Austin, Texas 78712-0264, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0030"><persName><forename type="first">C.</forename><surname>Wigger</surname></persName><affiliation>Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0031"><persName><forename type="first">W.</forename><surname>Hajdas</surname></persName><affiliation>Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0032"><persName><forename type="first">J.-L.</forename><surname>Atteia</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratoire d'Astrophysique, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, 14 avenue E. Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0033"><persName><forename type="first">G.</forename><surname>Ricker</surname></persName><affiliation>Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 70 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0034"><persName><forename type="first">R.</forename><surname>Vanderspek</surname></persName><affiliation>Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 70 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0035"><persName><forename type="first">A.</forename><surname>Rau</surname></persName><affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, Garching 85748, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0036"><persName><forename type="first">A.</forename><surname>von Kienlin</surname></persName><affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, Garching 85748, Germany</affiliation></author><idno type="istex">C904889D5B2ECD959DD657B36494714F4E2C9B3E</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16118.x</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</title><idno type="pISSN">0035-8711</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-2966</idno><idno type="PublisherID">mnras</idno><idno type="PublisherID-hwp">mnras</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-03-21"></date><biblScope unit="volume">403</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="342">342</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="352">352</biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2010-03-08</date></creation><abstract><p>GRB 051103 is considered to be a candidate soft gamma repeater (SGR) extragalactic giant magnetar flare by virtue of its proximity on the sky to M81/M82, as well as its time history, localization and energy spectrum. We have derived a refined interplanetary network localization for this burst which reduces the size of the error box by over a factor of 2. We examine its time history for evidence of a periodic component, which would be one signature of an SGR giant flare, and conclude that this component is neither detected nor detectable under reasonable assumptions. We analyse the time-resolved energy spectra of this event with improved time and energy resolution, and conclude that although the spectrum is very hard its temporal evolution at late times cannot be determined, which further complicates the giant flare association. We also present new optical observations reaching limiting magnitudes of R > 24.5, about 4-mag deeper than previously reported. In tandem with serendipitous observations of M81 taken immediately before and 1 month after the burst, these place strong constraints on any rapidly variable sources in the region of the refined error ellipse proximate to M81. We do not find any convincing afterglow candidates from either background galaxies or sources in M81, although within the refined error region we do locate two UV bright star-forming regions which may host SGRs. A supernova remnant (SNR) within the error ellipse could provide further support for an SGR giant flare association, but we were unable to identify any SNR within the error ellipse. These data still do not allow strong constraints on the nature of the GRB 051103 progenitor, and suggest that candidate extragalactic SGR giant flares will be difficult, although not impossible, to confirm.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><item><term>Papers</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>stars: neutron</term></item><item><term>gamma-rays: bursts</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2010-03-08">Created</change><change when="2010-03-21">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api-v5.istex.fr/document/C904889D5B2ECD959DD657B36494714F4E2C9B3E/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus oup" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v2.3 20070202//EN" URI="journalpublishing.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article article-type="research-article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">mnras</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mnras</journal-id><journal-title>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</abbrev-journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0035-8711</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1365-2966</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Oxford, UK</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16118.x</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Papers</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>A new analysis of the short-duration, hard-spectrum GRB 051103, a possible extragalactic soft gamma repeater giant flare</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hurley</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rowlinson</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bellm</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Perley</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mitrofanov</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Golovin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kozyrev</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Litvak</surname><given-names>M. L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sanin</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boynton</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fellows</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Harshmann</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ohno</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yamaoka</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nakagawa</surname><given-names>Y. E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Smith</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a9">9</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cline</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tanvir</surname><given-names>N. R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>O'Brien</surname><given-names>P. T.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wiersema</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rol</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a11">11</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Levan</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a12">12</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rhoads</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a13">13</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fruchter</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a14">14</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bersier</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a15">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kavelaars</surname><given-names>J. J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a16">16</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gehrels</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a17">17</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Krimm</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a17">17</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Palmer</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a18">18</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Duncan</surname><given-names>R. C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a19">19</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wigger</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a20">20</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hajdas</surname><given-names>W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a20">20</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Atteia</surname><given-names>J.-L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a21">21</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ricker</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a22">22</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vanderspek</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a22">22</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rau</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a23">23</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>von Kienlin</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a23">23</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="a1"><label>1</label>University of California, Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450, USA</aff><aff id="a2"><label>2</label>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</aff><aff id="a3"><label>3</label>Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA</aff><aff id="a4"><label>4</label>Institute for Space Research, Profsojuznaja 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation</aff><aff id="a5"><label>5</label>University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA</aff><aff id="a6"><label>6</label>Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS/JAXA), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan</aff><aff id="a7"><label>7</label>Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8558, Japan</aff><aff id="a8"><label>8</label>The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan</aff><aff id="a9"><label>9</label>Department of Physics and Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA</aff><aff id="a10"><label>10</label>Emeritus, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA</aff><aff id="a11"><label>11</label>University of Amsterdam, Science Park Amsterdam, Kruislaan 403, 1098 SJ, Amsterdam</aff><aff id="a12"><label>12</label>Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL</aff><aff id="a13"><label>13</label>School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA</aff><aff id="a14"><label>14</label>Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA</aff><aff id="a15"><label>15</label>Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Twelve Quays House, Birkenhead CH41 1LD</aff><aff id="a16"><label>16</label>Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, National Research Council, 5017 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada</aff><aff id="a17"><label>17</label>NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA</aff><aff id="a18"><label>18</label>Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA</aff><aff id="a19"><label>19</label>The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Physics, 1 University Station C1600, Austin, Texas 78712-0264, USA</aff><aff id="a20"><label>20</label>Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland</aff><aff id="a21"><label>21</label>Laboratoire d'Astrophysique, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, 14 avenue E. Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France</aff><aff id="a22"><label>22</label>Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 70 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA</aff><aff id="a23"><label>23</label>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, Garching 85748, Germany</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1">*E-mail: <email>khurley@ssl.berkeley.edu</email></corresp><fn id="fn5"><p>Visiting Astronomer, Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatories, which are operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA) under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>21</day><month>03</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>03</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><volume>403</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>342</fpage><lpage>352</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2009</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2009</year></date></history><copyright-statement>© 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 RAS</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2010</copyright-year><abstract><p>GRB 051103 is considered to be a candidate soft gamma repeater (SGR) extragalactic giant magnetar flare by virtue of its proximity on the sky to M81/M82, as well as its time history, localization and energy spectrum. We have derived a refined interplanetary network localization for this burst which reduces the size of the error box by over a factor of 2. We examine its time history for evidence of a periodic component, which would be one signature of an SGR giant flare, and conclude that this component is neither detected nor detectable under reasonable assumptions. We analyse the time-resolved energy spectra of this event with improved time and energy resolution, and conclude that although the spectrum is very hard its temporal evolution at late times cannot be determined, which further complicates the giant flare association. We also present new optical observations reaching limiting magnitudes of <italic>R</italic> > 24.5, about 4-mag deeper than previously reported. In tandem with serendipitous observations of M81 taken immediately before and 1 month after the burst, these place strong constraints on any rapidly variable sources in the region of the refined error ellipse proximate to M81. We do not find any convincing afterglow candidates from either background galaxies or sources in M81, although within the refined error region we do locate two UV bright star-forming regions which may host SGRs. A supernova remnant (SNR) within the error ellipse could provide further support for an SGR giant flare association, but we were unable to identify any SNR within the error ellipse. These data still do not allow strong constraints on the nature of the GRB 051103 progenitor, and suggest that candidate extragalactic SGR giant flares will be difficult, although not impossible, to confirm.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>stars: neutron</kwd><kwd>gamma-rays: bursts</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>A new analysis of the short-duration, hard-spectrum GRB 051103, a possible extragalactic soft gamma repeater giant flare</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>A new analysis of the short-duration, hard-spectrum GRB 051103, a possible extragalactic soft gamma repeater giant flare</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hurley</namePart><affiliation>University of California, Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450, USA</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: khurley@ssl.berkeley.edu</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Rowlinson</namePart><affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bellm</namePart><affiliation>University of California, Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Perley</namePart><affiliation>Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I. G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Mitrofanov</namePart><affiliation>Institute for Space Research, Profsojuznaja 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D. V.</namePart><namePart type="family">Golovin</namePart><affiliation>Institute for Space Research, Profsojuznaja 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kozyrev</namePart><affiliation>Institute for Space Research, Profsojuznaja 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M. L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Litvak</namePart><affiliation>Institute for Space Research, Profsojuznaja 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Sanin</namePart><affiliation>Institute for Space Research, Profsojuznaja 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W.</namePart><namePart type="family">Boynton</namePart><affiliation>University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Fellows</namePart><affiliation>University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Harshmann</namePart><affiliation>University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ohno</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS/JAXA), 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamaoka</namePart><affiliation>Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8558, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y. E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Nakagawa</namePart><affiliation>The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Smith</namePart><affiliation>Department of Physics and Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T.</namePart><namePart type="family">Cline</namePart><affiliation>Emeritus, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N. R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Tanvir</namePart><affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P. T.</namePart><namePart type="family">O'Brien</namePart><affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wiersema</namePart><affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Rol</namePart><affiliation>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH</affiliation><affiliation>University of Amsterdam, Science Park Amsterdam, Kruislaan 403, 1098 SJ, Amsterdam</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Levan</namePart><affiliation>Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Rhoads</namePart><affiliation>School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Fruchter</namePart><affiliation>Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bersier</namePart><affiliation>Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Twelve Quays House, Birkenhead CH41 1LD</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kavelaars</namePart><affiliation>Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, National Research Council, 5017 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gehrels</namePart><affiliation>NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Krimm</namePart><affiliation>NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Palmer</namePart><affiliation>Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Duncan</namePart><affiliation>The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Physics, 1 University Station C1600, Austin, Texas 78712-0264, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wigger</namePart><affiliation>Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hajdas</namePart><affiliation>Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.-L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Atteia</namePart><affiliation>Laboratoire d'Astrophysique, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, 14 avenue E. Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ricker</namePart><affiliation>Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 70 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Vanderspek</namePart><affiliation>Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 70 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Rau</namePart><affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, Garching 85748, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">von Kienlin</namePart><affiliation>Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, Garching 85748, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="research-article"></genre><subject><topic>Papers</topic></subject><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010-03-21</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2010-03-08</dateCreated><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate></originInfo><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract>GRB 051103 is considered to be a candidate soft gamma repeater (SGR) extragalactic giant magnetar flare by virtue of its proximity on the sky to M81/M82, as well as its time history, localization and energy spectrum. We have derived a refined interplanetary network localization for this burst which reduces the size of the error box by over a factor of 2. We examine its time history for evidence of a periodic component, which would be one signature of an SGR giant flare, and conclude that this component is neither detected nor detectable under reasonable assumptions. We analyse the time-resolved energy spectra of this event with improved time and energy resolution, and conclude that although the spectrum is very hard its temporal evolution at late times cannot be determined, which further complicates the giant flare association. We also present new optical observations reaching limiting magnitudes of R > 24.5, about 4-mag deeper than previously reported. In tandem with serendipitous observations of M81 taken immediately before and 1 month after the burst, these place strong constraints on any rapidly variable sources in the region of the refined error ellipse proximate to M81. We do not find any convincing afterglow candidates from either background galaxies or sources in M81, although within the refined error region we do locate two UV bright star-forming regions which may host SGRs. A supernova remnant (SNR) within the error ellipse could provide further support for an SGR giant flare association, but we were unable to identify any SNR within the error ellipse. These data still do not allow strong constraints on the nature of the GRB 051103 progenitor, and suggest that candidate extragalactic SGR giant flares will be difficult, although not impossible, to confirm.</abstract><note type="footnotes">Visiting Astronomer, Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatories, which are operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA) under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.</note><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>stars: neutron</topic><topic>gamma-rays: bursts</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0035-8711</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1365-2966</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">mnras</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-hwp">mnras</identifier><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>403</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>342</start><end>352</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">C904889D5B2ECD959DD657B36494714F4E2C9B3E</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16118.x</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2010 The Authors. 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