Mink with Divergent Activity Levels have Divergent Reproductive Strategies
Identifieur interne : 002388 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 002387; suivant : 002389Mink with Divergent Activity Levels have Divergent Reproductive Strategies
Auteurs : Rebecca K. Meagher ; Allison Bechard ; Georgia J. MasonSource :
- Ethology [ 0179-1613 ] ; 2012-06.
Abstract
Stable individual differences in activity levels within populations have been linked to differences in reproductive rate or parental care in several species, including American mink (Neovison vison). Fur‐farmed mink are good models for studying such effects because they yield large sample sizes and readily allow investigations into maternal behaviour, reproductive success, offspring performance and the relationships between these factors. On farms, very inactive individuals generally have smaller litters, and this held true in our study populations. We tested two competing hypotheses to explain this: (1) inactive individuals are failing to cope with a challenging environment and experiencing chronic stress and/or depression‐like ‘apathy’; this predicts female‐skewed litters, poorer maternal care, higher infant mortality and poorer infant growth and (2) inactive individuals do not have reduced fitness but instead employ an alternative adaptive reproductive strategy, trading off offspring quantity for quality; this predicts enhanced maternal care, reduced infant mortality and enhanced infant growth. Inactive females’ kits, especially their sons, grew faster than active females’, even after statistically controlling for litter size; and by 21 d, inactive and active dams’ litters no longer differed in total biomass, despite the former’s smaller litter sizes. In kit retrieval tests, inactive females were faster than active dams to reach their sons (as well as more likely to contact their sons than their daughters: a bias towards male kits not evident in the active dams). Furthermore, kit growth rates and dam latencies to touch them co‐varied, suggesting the existence of consistent differences in maternal style across inactive and active dams. Hypothesis 2 was thus supported: inactive females favour offspring quality over quantity, investing more resources in fewer kits, particularly males. This potentially boosts their sons’ adult fitness. More broadly for laboratory‐based studies, possible ‘captivity effects’ on the fitness correlates of activity and other personality traits are discussed.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2012.02044.x
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Meagher</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation> Animal & Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bechard, Allison" sort="Bechard, Allison" uniqKey="Bechard A" first="Allison" last="Bechard">Allison Bechard</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation> Animal & Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation> Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mason, Georgia J" sort="Mason, Georgia J" uniqKey="Mason G" first="Georgia J." last="Mason">Georgia J. 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Meagher</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation> Animal & Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bechard, Allison" sort="Bechard, Allison" uniqKey="Bechard A" first="Allison" last="Bechard">Allison Bechard</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation> Animal & Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation> Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mason, Georgia J" sort="Mason, Georgia J" uniqKey="Mason G" first="Georgia J." last="Mason">Georgia J. Mason</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation> Animal & Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Ethology</title><idno type="ISSN">0179-1613</idno><idno type="eISSN">1439-0310</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2012-06">2012-06</date><biblScope unit="volume">118</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="543">543</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="554">554</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0179-1613</idno></series><idno type="istex">B99B9BE0DF539C1E666E00CDB5D9B28B311D6E7E</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1439-0310.2012.02044.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">ETH2044</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0179-1613</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Stable individual differences in activity levels within populations have been linked to differences in reproductive rate or parental care in several species, including American mink (Neovison vison). Fur‐farmed mink are good models for studying such effects because they yield large sample sizes and readily allow investigations into maternal behaviour, reproductive success, offspring performance and the relationships between these factors. On farms, very inactive individuals generally have smaller litters, and this held true in our study populations. We tested two competing hypotheses to explain this: (1) inactive individuals are failing to cope with a challenging environment and experiencing chronic stress and/or depression‐like ‘apathy’; this predicts female‐skewed litters, poorer maternal care, higher infant mortality and poorer infant growth and (2) inactive individuals do not have reduced fitness but instead employ an alternative adaptive reproductive strategy, trading off offspring quantity for quality; this predicts enhanced maternal care, reduced infant mortality and enhanced infant growth. Inactive females’ kits, especially their sons, grew faster than active females’, even after statistically controlling for litter size; and by 21 d, inactive and active dams’ litters no longer differed in total biomass, despite the former’s smaller litter sizes. In kit retrieval tests, inactive females were faster than active dams to reach their sons (as well as more likely to contact their sons than their daughters: a bias towards male kits not evident in the active dams). Furthermore, kit growth rates and dam latencies to touch them co‐varied, suggesting the existence of consistent differences in maternal style across inactive and active dams. Hypothesis 2 was thus supported: inactive females favour offspring quality over quantity, investing more resources in fewer kits, particularly males. This potentially boosts their sons’ adult fitness. More broadly for laboratory‐based studies, possible ‘captivity effects’ on the fitness correlates of activity and other personality traits are discussed.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Rebecca K. Meagher</name><affiliations><json:string>Animal & Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Allison Bechard</name><affiliations><json:string>Animal & Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada</json:string><json:string>Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Georgia J. Mason</name><affiliations><json:string>Animal & Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><articleId><json:string>ETH2044</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Stable individual differences in activity levels within populations have been linked to differences in reproductive rate or parental care in several species, including American mink (Neovison vison). Fur‐farmed mink are good models for studying such effects because they yield large sample sizes and readily allow investigations into maternal behaviour, reproductive success, offspring performance and the relationships between these factors. On farms, very inactive individuals generally have smaller litters, and this held true in our study populations. We tested two competing hypotheses to explain this: (1) inactive individuals are failing to cope with a challenging environment and experiencing chronic stress and/or depression‐like ‘apathy’; this predicts female‐skewed litters, poorer maternal care, higher infant mortality and poorer infant growth and (2) inactive individuals do not have reduced fitness but instead employ an alternative adaptive reproductive strategy, trading off offspring quantity for quality; this predicts enhanced maternal care, reduced infant mortality and enhanced infant growth. Inactive females’ kits, especially their sons, grew faster than active females’, even after statistically controlling for litter size; and by 21 d, inactive and active dams’ litters no longer differed in total biomass, despite the former’s smaller litter sizes. In kit retrieval tests, inactive females were faster than active dams to reach their sons (as well as more likely to contact their sons than their daughters: a bias towards male kits not evident in the active dams). Furthermore, kit growth rates and dam latencies to touch them co‐varied, suggesting the existence of consistent differences in maternal style across inactive and active dams. Hypothesis 2 was thus supported: inactive females favour offspring quality over quantity, investing more resources in fewer kits, particularly males. This potentially boosts their sons’ adult fitness. 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Fur‐farmed mink are good models for studying such effects because they yield large sample sizes and readily allow investigations into maternal behaviour, reproductive success, offspring performance and the relationships between these factors. On farms, very inactive individuals generally have smaller litters, and this held true in our study populations. We tested two competing hypotheses to explain this: (1) inactive individuals are failing to cope with a challenging environment and experiencing chronic stress and/or depression‐like ‘apathy’; this predicts female‐skewed litters, poorer maternal care, higher infant mortality and poorer infant growth and (2) inactive individuals do not have reduced fitness but instead employ an alternative adaptive reproductive strategy, trading off offspring quantity for quality; this predicts enhanced maternal care, reduced infant mortality and enhanced infant growth. Inactive females’ kits, especially their sons, grew faster than active females’, even after statistically controlling for litter size; and by 21 d, inactive and active dams’ litters no longer differed in total biomass, despite the former’s smaller litter sizes. In kit retrieval tests, inactive females were faster than active dams to reach their sons (as well as more likely to contact their sons than their daughters: a bias towards male kits not evident in the active dams). Furthermore, kit growth rates and dam latencies to touch them co‐varied, suggesting the existence of consistent differences in maternal style across inactive and active dams. Hypothesis 2 was thus supported: inactive females favour offspring quality over quantity, investing more resources in fewer kits, particularly males. This potentially boosts their sons’ adult fitness. 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Meagher, Animal & Poultry Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Building #70, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
E‐mail: <email>rmeagher@uoguelph.ca</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:ETH.ETH2044.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Received: January 20, 2012 Initial acceptance: February 14, 2012 Final acceptance: March 23, 2012 (S. Foster)</unparsedEditorialHistory><countGroup><count number="3" type="figureTotal"></count><count number="4" type="tableTotal"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Mink with Divergent Activity Levels have Divergent Reproductive Strategies</title><title type="shortAuthors">R. K. Meagher, A. Bechard & G. J. Mason</title><title type="short">Reproductive Correlates of Activity Levels</title></titleGroup><creators><creator affiliationRef="#a1" creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1"><personName><givenNames>Rebecca K.</givenNames><familyName>Meagher</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#a1 #a2" creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2"><personName><givenNames>Allison</givenNames><familyName>Bechard</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#a1" creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3"><personName><givenNames>Georgia J.</givenNames><familyName>Mason</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation countryCode="CA" xml:id="a1"><unparsedAffiliation> Animal & Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" xml:id="a2"><unparsedAffiliation> Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>Stable individual differences in activity levels within populations have been linked to differences in reproductive rate or parental care in several species, including American mink (<i>Neovison vison</i>). Fur‐farmed mink are good models for studying such effects because they yield large sample sizes and readily allow investigations into maternal behaviour, reproductive success, offspring performance and the relationships between these factors. On farms, very inactive individuals generally have smaller litters, and this held true in our study populations. We tested two competing hypotheses to explain this: (1) inactive individuals are failing to cope with a challenging environment and experiencing chronic stress and/or depression‐like ‘apathy’; this predicts female‐skewed litters, poorer maternal care, higher infant mortality and poorer infant growth and (2) inactive individuals do not have reduced fitness but instead employ an alternative adaptive reproductive strategy, trading off offspring quantity for quality; this predicts enhanced maternal care, reduced infant mortality and enhanced infant growth. Inactive females’ kits, especially their sons, grew faster than active females’, even after statistically controlling for litter size; and by 21 d, inactive and active dams’ litters no longer differed in total biomass, despite the former’s smaller litter sizes. In kit retrieval tests, inactive females were faster than active dams to reach their sons (as well as more likely to contact their sons than their daughters: a bias towards male kits not evident in the active dams). Furthermore, kit growth rates and dam latencies to touch them co‐varied, suggesting the existence of consistent differences in maternal style across inactive and active dams. Hypothesis 2 was thus supported: inactive females favour offspring quality over quantity, investing more resources in fewer kits, particularly males. This potentially boosts their sons’ adult fitness. More broadly for laboratory‐based studies, possible ‘captivity effects’ on the fitness correlates of activity and other personality traits are discussed.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Mink with Divergent Activity Levels have Divergent Reproductive Strategies</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Reproductive Correlates of Activity Levels</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Mink with Divergent Activity Levels have Divergent Reproductive Strategies</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Rebecca K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Meagher</namePart><affiliation> Animal & Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Allison</namePart><namePart type="family">Bechard</namePart><affiliation> Animal & Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada</affiliation><affiliation> Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Georgia J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Mason</namePart><affiliation> Animal & Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2012-06</dateIssued><edition>Received: January 20, 2012 Initial acceptance: February 14, 2012 Final acceptance: March 23, 2012 (S. Foster)</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2012</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">3</extent><extent unit="tables">4</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Stable individual differences in activity levels within populations have been linked to differences in reproductive rate or parental care in several species, including American mink (Neovison vison). Fur‐farmed mink are good models for studying such effects because they yield large sample sizes and readily allow investigations into maternal behaviour, reproductive success, offspring performance and the relationships between these factors. On farms, very inactive individuals generally have smaller litters, and this held true in our study populations. We tested two competing hypotheses to explain this: (1) inactive individuals are failing to cope with a challenging environment and experiencing chronic stress and/or depression‐like ‘apathy’; this predicts female‐skewed litters, poorer maternal care, higher infant mortality and poorer infant growth and (2) inactive individuals do not have reduced fitness but instead employ an alternative adaptive reproductive strategy, trading off offspring quantity for quality; this predicts enhanced maternal care, reduced infant mortality and enhanced infant growth. Inactive females’ kits, especially their sons, grew faster than active females’, even after statistically controlling for litter size; and by 21 d, inactive and active dams’ litters no longer differed in total biomass, despite the former’s smaller litter sizes. In kit retrieval tests, inactive females were faster than active dams to reach their sons (as well as more likely to contact their sons than their daughters: a bias towards male kits not evident in the active dams). Furthermore, kit growth rates and dam latencies to touch them co‐varied, suggesting the existence of consistent differences in maternal style across inactive and active dams. Hypothesis 2 was thus supported: inactive females favour offspring quality over quantity, investing more resources in fewer kits, particularly males. This potentially boosts their sons’ adult fitness. More broadly for laboratory‐based studies, possible ‘captivity effects’ on the fitness correlates of activity and other personality traits are discussed.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Ethology</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0179-1613</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1439-0310</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1439-0310</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">ETH</identifier><part><date>2012</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>118</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>543</start><end>554</end><total>12</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">B99B9BE0DF539C1E666E00CDB5D9B28B311D6E7E</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1439-0310.2012.02044.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">ETH2044</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2012 Blackwell Verlag GmbH</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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