Relation between carbon and nitrogen turnover in soil organic fractions of microbial origin
Identifieur interne : 002058 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 002057; suivant : 002059Relation between carbon and nitrogen turnover in soil organic fractions of microbial origin
Auteurs : W. B. Mcgill ; J. A. Shields ; E. A. PaulSource :
- Soil Biology and Biochemistry [ 0038-0717 ] ; 1975.
Abstract
Labelled 14C-acetate and 15N-(NH4)2SO4 were added to a clay soil in the laboratory to follow transformations of microbial C and N, A fungal population developed initially, reaching a maximum by day 5, then rapidly declined and was replaced by a population dominated by bacteria and actinomycetes. Soil samples containing doubly-labelled microorganisms and their metabolites were extracted by Na4P2O7, and the extracted material further separated with phenol.The highly labelled acid-soluble (fulvic acid) fraction of the Na4P2O7 extract contained extracellular metabolites of low molecular weight which were rapidly attacked and converted to new microbial biomass, metabolites, mineral N or CO2. Na4P2O7 also removed an acid-insoluble (humic acid) fraction of which up to 70 per cent of the labelled C and N could be removed by phenol. Attack of these recently synthesized extracellular materials was indicated by a rapid decline of Na4P2O7 extractable C and N during the growth of bacteria and actinomycetes.Following Na4P2O7 extraction, the residue was sonicated and peptized in water and the components of the microbial biomass were partitioned into sedimentation fractions by centrifugation. The components concentrated in the > 0.2 μm fraction, which were hypothesized as being cell wall components, were more resistant to attack than materials in the < 0.04 μm fraction. The materials in the latter fraction were thought to originate from cytoplasmic constituents. The labelled materials in the < 0.04 μm sized fraction, which accumulated as the fungal population developed, were utilized less rapidly by the developing bacterial population.Decomposition of the microbial population resulted in transfer of C and N through various sediment fractions. The organic fraction (considered to be cytoplasmic material and adsorbed extracellular metabolites) which became labelled as the bacterial population developed, was utilized less rapidly by the developing bacterial population than components removable by Na4P2O7. Evolution of 14CO2, production of microbial material and immobilization of N closely paralleled the incorporation and release of these elements from the fractions. The similarity of the behavior patterns of these elements suggested they were intimately associated within the soil microbial system studied. This demonstrated that N transformations were highly dependent on C transformations.
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DOI: 10.1016/0038-0717(75)90032-2
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Paul</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Saskatchewan Institute of Pedology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0W0 Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:DEDCBDA42E23196D80762EB7D83E7CB84B1B1302</idno><date when="1975" year="1975">1975</date><idno type="doi">10.1016/0038-0717(75)90032-2</idno><idno type="url">https://api-v5.istex.fr/document/DEDCBDA42E23196D80762EB7D83E7CB84B1B1302/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">002058</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">002058</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a">Relation between carbon and nitrogen turnover in soil organic fractions of microbial origin</title><author><name sortKey="Mcgill, W B" sort="Mcgill, W B" uniqKey="Mcgill W" first="W. B." last="Mcgill">W. B. Mcgill</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Saskatchewan Institute of Pedology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0W0 Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shields, J A" sort="Shields, J A" uniqKey="Shields J" first="J. A." last="Shields">J. A. Shields</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Saskatchewan Institute of Pedology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0W0 Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Paul, E A" sort="Paul, E A" uniqKey="Paul E" first="E. A." last="Paul">E. A. Paul</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Saskatchewan Institute of Pedology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0W0 Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Soil Biology and Biochemistry</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">SBB</title><idno type="ISSN">0038-0717</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1975">1975</date><biblScope unit="volume">7</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="57">57</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="63">63</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0038-0717</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0038-0717</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Labelled 14C-acetate and 15N-(NH4)2SO4 were added to a clay soil in the laboratory to follow transformations of microbial C and N, A fungal population developed initially, reaching a maximum by day 5, then rapidly declined and was replaced by a population dominated by bacteria and actinomycetes. Soil samples containing doubly-labelled microorganisms and their metabolites were extracted by Na4P2O7, and the extracted material further separated with phenol.The highly labelled acid-soluble (fulvic acid) fraction of the Na4P2O7 extract contained extracellular metabolites of low molecular weight which were rapidly attacked and converted to new microbial biomass, metabolites, mineral N or CO2. Na4P2O7 also removed an acid-insoluble (humic acid) fraction of which up to 70 per cent of the labelled C and N could be removed by phenol. Attack of these recently synthesized extracellular materials was indicated by a rapid decline of Na4P2O7 extractable C and N during the growth of bacteria and actinomycetes.Following Na4P2O7 extraction, the residue was sonicated and peptized in water and the components of the microbial biomass were partitioned into sedimentation fractions by centrifugation. The components concentrated in the > 0.2 μm fraction, which were hypothesized as being cell wall components, were more resistant to attack than materials in the < 0.04 μm fraction. The materials in the latter fraction were thought to originate from cytoplasmic constituents. The labelled materials in the < 0.04 μm sized fraction, which accumulated as the fungal population developed, were utilized less rapidly by the developing bacterial population.Decomposition of the microbial population resulted in transfer of C and N through various sediment fractions. The organic fraction (considered to be cytoplasmic material and adsorbed extracellular metabolites) which became labelled as the bacterial population developed, was utilized less rapidly by the developing bacterial population than components removable by Na4P2O7. Evolution of 14CO2, production of microbial material and immobilization of N closely paralleled the incorporation and release of these elements from the fractions. The similarity of the behavior patterns of these elements suggested they were intimately associated within the soil microbial system studied. This demonstrated that N transformations were highly dependent on C transformations.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>W.B. McGill</name><affiliations><json:string>Saskatchewan Institute of Pedology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0W0 Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J.A. Shields</name><affiliations><json:string>Saskatchewan Institute of Pedology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0W0 Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>E.A. Paul</name><affiliations><json:string>Saskatchewan Institute of Pedology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0W0 Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Full-length article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Labelled 14C-acetate and 15N-(NH4)2SO4 were added to a clay soil in the laboratory to follow transformations of microbial C and N, A fungal population developed initially, reaching a maximum by day 5, then rapidly declined and was replaced by a population dominated by bacteria and actinomycetes. Soil samples containing doubly-labelled microorganisms and their metabolites were extracted by Na4P2O7, and the extracted material further separated with phenol.The highly labelled acid-soluble (fulvic acid) fraction of the Na4P2O7 extract contained extracellular metabolites of low molecular weight which were rapidly attacked and converted to new microbial biomass, metabolites, mineral N or CO2. Na4P2O7 also removed an acid-insoluble (humic acid) fraction of which up to 70 per cent of the labelled C and N could be removed by phenol. Attack of these recently synthesized extracellular materials was indicated by a rapid decline of Na4P2O7 extractable C and N during the growth of bacteria and actinomycetes.Following Na4P2O7 extraction, the residue was sonicated and peptized in water and the components of the microbial biomass were partitioned into sedimentation fractions by centrifugation. The components concentrated in the > 0.2 μm fraction, which were hypothesized as being cell wall components, were more resistant to attack than materials in the > 0.04 μm fraction. The materials in the latter fraction were thought to originate from cytoplasmic constituents. The labelled materials in the > 0.04 μm sized fraction, which accumulated as the fungal population developed, were utilized less rapidly by the developing bacterial population.Decomposition of the microbial population resulted in transfer of C and N through various sediment fractions. The organic fraction (considered to be cytoplasmic material and adsorbed extracellular metabolites) which became labelled as the bacterial population developed, was utilized less rapidly by the developing bacterial population than components removable by Na4P2O7. Evolution of 14CO2, production of microbial material and immobilization of N closely paralleled the incorporation and release of these elements from the fractions. The similarity of the behavior patterns of these elements suggested they were intimately associated within the soil microbial system studied. This demonstrated that N transformations were highly dependent on C transformations.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>6.701</score><pdfWordCount>3701</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>24344</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>7</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>504 x 720 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>346</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>2411</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>0</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Relation between carbon and nitrogen turnover in soil organic fractions of microbial origin</title><pii><json:string>0038-0717(75)90032-2</json:string></pii><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><serie><title>Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. 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Soil samples containing doubly-labelled microorganisms and their metabolites were extracted by Na4P2O7, and the extracted material further separated with phenol.The highly labelled acid-soluble (fulvic acid) fraction of the Na4P2O7 extract contained extracellular metabolites of low molecular weight which were rapidly attacked and converted to new microbial biomass, metabolites, mineral N or CO2. Na4P2O7 also removed an acid-insoluble (humic acid) fraction of which up to 70 per cent of the labelled C and N could be removed by phenol. Attack of these recently synthesized extracellular materials was indicated by a rapid decline of Na4P2O7 extractable C and N during the growth of bacteria and actinomycetes.Following Na4P2O7 extraction, the residue was sonicated and peptized in water and the components of the microbial biomass were partitioned into sedimentation fractions by centrifugation. The components concentrated in the > 0.2 μm fraction, which were hypothesized as being cell wall components, were more resistant to attack than materials in the < 0.04 μm fraction. The materials in the latter fraction were thought to originate from cytoplasmic constituents. The labelled materials in the < 0.04 μm sized fraction, which accumulated as the fungal population developed, were utilized less rapidly by the developing bacterial population.Decomposition of the microbial population resulted in transfer of C and N through various sediment fractions. The organic fraction (considered to be cytoplasmic material and adsorbed extracellular metabolites) which became labelled as the bacterial population developed, was utilized less rapidly by the developing bacterial population than components removable by Na4P2O7. Evolution of 14CO2, production of microbial material and immobilization of N closely paralleled the incorporation and release of these elements from the fractions. The similarity of the behavior patterns of these elements suggested they were intimately associated within the soil microbial system studied. This demonstrated that N transformations were highly dependent on C transformations.</p></abstract></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1975">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api-v5.istex.fr/document/DEDCBDA42E23196D80762EB7D83E7CB84B1B1302/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla"><item-info><jid>SBB</jid><aid>75900322</aid><ce:pii>0038-0717(75)90032-2</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/0038-0717(75)90032-2</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="unknown" year="1975"></ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:title>Relation between carbon and nitrogen turnover in soil organic fractions of microbial origin</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>W.B.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>McGill</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="FN1"><ce:sup>∗</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>J.A.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Shields</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="FN2"><ce:sup>†</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>E.A.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Paul</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:affiliation><ce:textfn>Saskatchewan Institute of Pedology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0W0 Canada</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:footnote id="FN1"><ce:label>∗</ce:label><ce:note-para>Present Address: Department of Soil Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1.</ce:note-para></ce:footnote><ce:footnote id="FN2"><ce:label>†</ce:label><ce:note-para>Present Address: Soil Research Institute, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OC6.</ce:note-para></ce:footnote></ce:author-group><ce:date-accepted day="20" month="5" year="1974"></ce:date-accepted><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>Labelled <ce:sup loc="pre">14</ce:sup>C-acetate and <ce:sup loc="pre">15</ce:sup>N-(NH<ce:inf>4</ce:inf>)<ce:inf>2</ce:inf>SO<ce:inf>4</ce:inf> were added to a clay soil in the laboratory to follow transformations of microbial C and N, A fungal population developed initially, reaching a maximum by day 5, then rapidly declined and was replaced by a population dominated by bacteria and actinomycetes. Soil samples containing doubly-labelled microorganisms and their metabolites were extracted by Na<ce:inf>4</ce:inf>P<ce:inf>2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf>7</ce:inf>, and the extracted material further separated with phenol.</ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para>The highly labelled acid-soluble (fulvic acid) fraction of the Na<ce:inf>4</ce:inf>P<ce:inf>2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf>7</ce:inf> extract contained extracellular metabolites of low molecular weight which were rapidly attacked and converted to new microbial biomass, metabolites, mineral N or CO<ce:inf>2</ce:inf>. Na<ce:inf>4</ce:inf>P<ce:inf>2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf>7</ce:inf> also removed an acid-insoluble (humic acid) fraction of which up to 70 per cent of the labelled C and N could be removed by phenol. Attack of these recently synthesized extracellular materials was indicated by a rapid decline of Na<ce:inf>4</ce:inf>P<ce:inf>2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf>7</ce:inf> extractable C and N during the growth of bacteria and actinomycetes.</ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para>Following Na<ce:inf>4</ce:inf>P<ce:inf>2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf>7</ce:inf> extraction, the residue was sonicated and peptized in water and the components of the microbial biomass were partitioned into sedimentation fractions by centrifugation. The components concentrated in the > 0.2 <ce:italic>μ</ce:italic>m fraction, which were hypothesized as being cell wall components, were more resistant to attack than materials in the < 0.04 <ce:italic>μ</ce:italic>m fraction. The materials in the latter fraction were thought to originate from cytoplasmic constituents. The labelled materials in the < 0.04 <ce:italic>μ</ce:italic>m sized fraction, which accumulated as the fungal population developed, were utilized less rapidly by the developing bacterial population.</ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para>Decomposition of the microbial population resulted in transfer of C and N through various sediment fractions. The organic fraction (considered to be cytoplasmic material and adsorbed extracellular metabolites) which became labelled as the bacterial population developed, was utilized less rapidly by the developing bacterial population than components removable by Na<ce:inf>4</ce:inf>P<ce:inf>2</ce:inf>O<ce:inf>7</ce:inf>. Evolution of <ce:sup loc="pre">14</ce:sup>CO<ce:inf>2</ce:inf>, production of microbial material and immobilization of N closely paralleled the incorporation and release of these elements from the fractions. The similarity of the behavior patterns of these elements suggested they were intimately associated within the soil microbial system studied. This demonstrated that N transformations were highly dependent on C transformations.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>Relation between carbon and nitrogen turnover in soil organic fractions of microbial origin</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Relation between carbon and nitrogen turnover in soil organic fractions of microbial origin</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W.B.</namePart><namePart type="family">McGill</namePart><affiliation>Saskatchewan Institute of Pedology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0W0 Canada</affiliation><description>Present Address: Department of Soil Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1.</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Shields</namePart><affiliation>Saskatchewan Institute of Pedology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0W0 Canada</affiliation><description>Present Address: Soil Research Institute, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A OC6.</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E.A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Paul</namePart><affiliation>Saskatchewan Institute of Pedology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0W0 Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1975</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1975</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Labelled 14C-acetate and 15N-(NH4)2SO4 were added to a clay soil in the laboratory to follow transformations of microbial C and N, A fungal population developed initially, reaching a maximum by day 5, then rapidly declined and was replaced by a population dominated by bacteria and actinomycetes. Soil samples containing doubly-labelled microorganisms and their metabolites were extracted by Na4P2O7, and the extracted material further separated with phenol.The highly labelled acid-soluble (fulvic acid) fraction of the Na4P2O7 extract contained extracellular metabolites of low molecular weight which were rapidly attacked and converted to new microbial biomass, metabolites, mineral N or CO2. Na4P2O7 also removed an acid-insoluble (humic acid) fraction of which up to 70 per cent of the labelled C and N could be removed by phenol. Attack of these recently synthesized extracellular materials was indicated by a rapid decline of Na4P2O7 extractable C and N during the growth of bacteria and actinomycetes.Following Na4P2O7 extraction, the residue was sonicated and peptized in water and the components of the microbial biomass were partitioned into sedimentation fractions by centrifugation. The components concentrated in the > 0.2 μm fraction, which were hypothesized as being cell wall components, were more resistant to attack than materials in the < 0.04 μm fraction. The materials in the latter fraction were thought to originate from cytoplasmic constituents. The labelled materials in the < 0.04 μm sized fraction, which accumulated as the fungal population developed, were utilized less rapidly by the developing bacterial population.Decomposition of the microbial population resulted in transfer of C and N through various sediment fractions. The organic fraction (considered to be cytoplasmic material and adsorbed extracellular metabolites) which became labelled as the bacterial population developed, was utilized less rapidly by the developing bacterial population than components removable by Na4P2O7. Evolution of 14CO2, production of microbial material and immobilization of N closely paralleled the incorporation and release of these elements from the fractions. The similarity of the behavior patterns of these elements suggested they were intimately associated within the soil microbial system studied. This demonstrated that N transformations were highly dependent on C transformations.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Soil Biology and Biochemistry</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>SBB</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">197501</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0038-0717</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0038-0717(00)X0140-X</identifier><part><date>197501</date><detail type="volume"><number>7</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>1</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>1</start><end>78</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>57</start><end>63</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">DEDCBDA42E23196D80762EB7D83E7CB84B1B1302</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/0038-0717(75)90032-2</identifier><identifier type="PII">0038-0717(75)90032-2</identifier><recordInfo><recordContentSource>ELSEVIER</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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