Colimitation by light, nitrate, and iron in the Beaufort Sea in late summer
Identifieur interne : 001E87 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001E86; suivant : 001E88Colimitation by light, nitrate, and iron in the Beaufort Sea in late summer
Auteurs : Rebecca L. Taylor ; David M. Semeniuk ; Christopher D. Payne ; Jie Zhou ; Jean-Éric Tremblay ; Jay T. Cullen ; Maria T. MaldonadoSource :
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans [ 2169-9275 ] ; 2013-07.
Abstract
As part of the GEOTRACES International Polar Year program, in September 2009 we performed a grow‐out experiment to investigate the potential for nitrate, light, and iron (Fe) limitation of Beaufort Sea phytoplankton. Nutrients, phytoplankton biomass/composition, and Fe and C uptake rates were measured regularly. Nitrate additions enhanced phytoplankton growth, demonstrating that the late summer phytoplankton community was N limited. In the treatments with additions of nitrate but not Fe, total chlorophyll a doubled with each increase in light level, indicating the community was also light limited. In nitrate enriched treatments, colimitation of primary production by Fe and light was observed at light levels ≤10% surface irradiance (Io), which corresponded to depths ≥33 m. The higher Fe demand associated with low irradiance was supported by 10‐ to 100‐fold higher Fe:C assimilation ratios. Furthermore, the Fe:C assimilation ratios of phytoplankton with an Fe addition (1 nmol L−1) were ∼2‐fold higher than those with no Fe added at 1%Io, indicating severe Fe deficiency at in situ Fe (0.154 nmol L−1) and low light. The average light intensity experienced by phytoplankton in the 1%Io treatments corresponded to the light intensity at ∼73 m, which is well below the 44 m euphotic depth at this station in late summer, but coincides with the depth where the subsurface chlorophyll maximum is often found in this region (∼70 m). These results suggest that in addition to nitrate and light, Fe availability may control primary productivity in the Beaufort Sea, and seasonal changes in light, nitrate, and Fe availability may differentially control Arctic phytoplankton growth.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/jgrc.20244
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ISTEX:CF6DD6F3573BDA77097CEE76FBC268196FEB704ELe document en format XML
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Taylor</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Semeniuk, David M" sort="Semeniuk, David M" uniqKey="Semeniuk D" first="David M." last="Semeniuk">David M. Semeniuk</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Payne, Christopher D" sort="Payne, Christopher D" uniqKey="Payne C" first="Christopher D." last="Payne">Christopher D. 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Cullen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Victoria, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maldonado, Maria T" sort="Maldonado, Maria T" uniqKey="Maldonado M" first="Maria T." last="Maldonado">Maria T. Maldonado</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: mmaldonado@eos.ubc.ca</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J. Geophys. Res. Oceans</title><idno type="ISSN">2169-9275</idno><idno type="eISSN">2169-9291</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2013-07">2013-07</date><biblScope unit="volume">118</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">7</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="3260">3260</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="3277">3277</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">2169-9275</idno></series><idno type="istex">CF6DD6F3573BDA77097CEE76FBC268196FEB704E</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/jgrc.20244</idno><idno type="ArticleID">JGRC20244</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">2169-9275</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">As part of the GEOTRACES International Polar Year program, in September 2009 we performed a grow‐out experiment to investigate the potential for nitrate, light, and iron (Fe) limitation of Beaufort Sea phytoplankton. Nutrients, phytoplankton biomass/composition, and Fe and C uptake rates were measured regularly. Nitrate additions enhanced phytoplankton growth, demonstrating that the late summer phytoplankton community was N limited. In the treatments with additions of nitrate but not Fe, total chlorophyll a doubled with each increase in light level, indicating the community was also light limited. In nitrate enriched treatments, colimitation of primary production by Fe and light was observed at light levels ≤10% surface irradiance (Io), which corresponded to depths ≥33 m. The higher Fe demand associated with low irradiance was supported by 10‐ to 100‐fold higher Fe:C assimilation ratios. Furthermore, the Fe:C assimilation ratios of phytoplankton with an Fe addition (1 nmol L−1) were ∼2‐fold higher than those with no Fe added at 1%Io, indicating severe Fe deficiency at in situ Fe (0.154 nmol L−1) and low light. The average light intensity experienced by phytoplankton in the 1%Io treatments corresponded to the light intensity at ∼73 m, which is well below the 44 m euphotic depth at this station in late summer, but coincides with the depth where the subsurface chlorophyll maximum is often found in this region (∼70 m). These results suggest that in addition to nitrate and light, Fe availability may control primary productivity in the Beaufort Sea, and seasonal changes in light, nitrate, and Fe availability may differentially control Arctic phytoplankton growth.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Rebecca L. Taylor</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>David M. Semeniuk</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Christopher D. Payne</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jie Zhou</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China</json:string><json:string>School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Victoria, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jean‐Éric Tremblay</name><affiliations><json:string>Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre Vachon, Quebec, Quebec, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jay T. 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American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</p></availability><date>2013-06-11</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Colimitation by light, nitrate, and iron in the Beaufort Sea in late summer</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Rebecca L.</forename><surname>Taylor</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">David M.</forename><surname>Semeniuk</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Christopher D.</forename><surname>Payne</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Jie</forename><surname>Zhou</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China</affiliation><affiliation>School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Victoria, Canada</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">Jean‐Éric</forename><surname>Tremblay</surname></persName><affiliation>Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre Vachon, Quebec, Quebec, Canada</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-6"><persName><forename type="first">Jay T.</forename><surname>Cullen</surname></persName><affiliation>School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Victoria, Canada</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-7"><persName><forename type="first">Maria T.</forename><surname>Maldonado</surname></persName><email>mmaldonado@eos.ubc.ca</email><affiliation>Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J. Geophys. Res. Oceans</title><idno type="pISSN">2169-9275</idno><idno type="eISSN">2169-9291</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)2169-9291</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2013-07"></date><biblScope unit="volume">118</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">7</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="3260">3260</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="3277">3277</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">CF6DD6F3573BDA77097CEE76FBC268196FEB704E</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/jgrc.20244</idno><idno type="ArticleID">JGRC20244</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2013-06-11</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>As part of the GEOTRACES International Polar Year program, in September 2009 we performed a grow‐out experiment to investigate the potential for nitrate, light, and iron (Fe) limitation of Beaufort Sea phytoplankton. Nutrients, phytoplankton biomass/composition, and Fe and C uptake rates were measured regularly. Nitrate additions enhanced phytoplankton growth, demonstrating that the late summer phytoplankton community was N limited. In the treatments with additions of nitrate but not Fe, total chlorophyll a doubled with each increase in light level, indicating the community was also light limited. In nitrate enriched treatments, colimitation of primary production by Fe and light was observed at light levels ≤10% surface irradiance (Io), which corresponded to depths ≥33 m. The higher Fe demand associated with low irradiance was supported by 10‐ to 100‐fold higher Fe:C assimilation ratios. Furthermore, the Fe:C assimilation ratios of phytoplankton with an Fe addition (1 nmol L−1) were ∼2‐fold higher than those with no Fe added at 1%Io, indicating severe Fe deficiency at in situ Fe (0.154 nmol L−1) and low light. The average light intensity experienced by phytoplankton in the 1%Io treatments corresponded to the light intensity at ∼73 m, which is well below the 44 m euphotic depth at this station in late summer, but coincides with the depth where the subsurface chlorophyll maximum is often found in this region (∼70 m). These results suggest that in addition to nitrate and light, Fe availability may control primary productivity in the Beaufort Sea, and seasonal changes in light, nitrate, and Fe availability may differentially control Arctic phytoplankton growth.</p></abstract><abstract style="short"><p>NO3‐, light and Fe co‐limitation was found in the Beaufort Sea in Aug/Sept 2009 Seasonality of NO3‐, light, and Fe may control Beaufort Sea primary productivity Global warming may lead to increased Fe and NO3‐ limitation in the Beaufort Sea</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>Beaufort Sea</term></item><item><term>light</term></item><item><term>Iron (Fe)</term></item><item><term>phytoplankton</term></item><item><term>Arctic</term></item><item><term>nitrate</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>index-terms</head><item><term>Oceanography: General</term></item><item><term>Arctic and Antarctic oceanography</term></item><item><term>Geographic Location</term></item><item><term>Antarctica</term></item><item><term>Arctic region</term></item><item><term>Oceanography: Biological and Chemical</term></item><item><term>Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</term></item><item><term>Phytoplankton</term></item><item><term>Nutrients and nutrient cycling</term></item><item><term>Biogeosciences</term></item><item><term>Biogeochemical kinetics and reaction modeling</term></item><item><term>Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</term></item><item><term>Nutrients and nutrient cycling</term></item><item><term>Cryosphere</term></item><item><term>Biogeochemistry</term></item><item><term>Global Change</term></item><item><term>Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</term></item><item><term>Paleoceanography</term></item><item><term>Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</term></item><item><term>Geochemistry</term></item><item><term>Marine geochemistry</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article-category</head><item><term>Regular Article</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2012-10-24">Received</change><change when="2013-05-15">Registration</change><change when="2013-06-11">Created</change><change when="2013-07">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api-v5.istex.fr/document/CF6DD6F3573BDA77097CEE76FBC268196FEB704E/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en" xml:id="jgrc20244"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)2169-9291</doi><issn type="print">2169-9275</issn><issn type="electronic">2169-9291</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="JGRC"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH: OCEANS">Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</title><title type="short">J. Geophys. Res. Oceans</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="70"><doi>10.1002/jgrc.v118.7</doi><copyright ownership="thirdParty">©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</copyright><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="118">118</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">7</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2013-07">July 2013</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" position="30" type="article" status="forIssue"><doi>10.1002/jgrc.20244</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="JGRC20244"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="18"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Regular Article</title><title type="tocHeading1">Regular Articles</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="thirdParty">©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptReceived" date="2012-10-24"></event><event type="manuscriptRevised" date="2013-05-14"></event><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2013-05-15"></event><event type="xmlCreated" agent="Cenveo Publisher Services" date="2013-06-11"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.3.3 mode:FullText" date="2014-08-25"></event><event type="publishedOnlineAccepted" date="2013-05-21"></event><event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2013-07-01"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2013-08-29"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2013-07-01"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.7.5 mode:FullText" date="2016-01-21"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">3260</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">3277</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Corresponding author: M. T. Maldonado, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Room 2020, Earth Sciences Bldg., 2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. (<email>mmaldonado@eos.ubc.ca</email>)</correspondenceTo><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4200">Oceanography: General</subject><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4207">Arctic and Antarctic oceanography</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/9300">Geographic Location</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/9310">Antarctica</subject><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/9315">Arctic region</subject></subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4800">Oceanography: Biological and Chemical</subject><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4805">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</subject><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4855">Phytoplankton</subject><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4845">Nutrients and nutrient cycling</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0400">Biogeosciences</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0412">Biogeochemical kinetics and reaction modeling</subject><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0414">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</subject><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0470">Nutrients and nutrient cycling</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0700">Cryosphere</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0793">Biogeochemistry</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1600">Global Change</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1615">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4900">Paleoceanography</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4912">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1000">Geochemistry</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1050">Marine geochemistry</subject></subjectInfo></subjectInfo><selfCitationGroup><citation xml:id="jgrc20244-cit-0103" type="self"><author><familyName>Taylor</familyName>, <givenNames>R. L.</givenNames></author>, <author><givenNames>D. M.</givenNames> <familyName>Semeniuk</familyName></author>, <author><givenNames>C. D.</givenNames> <familyName>Payne</familyName></author>, <author><givenNames>J.</givenNames> <familyName>Zhou</familyName></author>, <author><givenNames>J.‐É.</givenNames> <familyName>Tremblay</familyName></author>, <author><givenNames>J. T.</givenNames> <familyName>Cullen</familyName></author>, and <author><givenNames>M. T.</givenNames> <familyName>Maldonado</familyName></author> (<pubYear year="2013">2013</pubYear>), <articleTitle>Colimitation by light, nitrate, and iron in the Beaufort Sea in late summer</articleTitle>, <journalTitle>J. Geophys. Res. Oceans</journalTitle>, <vol>118</vol>, <pageFirst>3260</pageFirst>–<pageLast>3277</pageLast>, doi:<accessionId ref="info:doi/10.1002/jgrc.20244">10.1002/jgrc.20244</accessionId>. </citation></selfCitationGroup><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:JGRC.JGRC20244.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><titleGroup><title type="main">Colimitation by light, nitrate, and iron in the Beaufort Sea in late summer</title><title type="short">Colimitation in the Beaufort Sea</title><title type="shortAuthors">Taylor et al.</title></titleGroup><creators><creator affiliationRef="#jgrc20244-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrc20244-cr-0001"><personName><givenNames>Rebecca L.</givenNames><familyName>Taylor</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#jgrc20244-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrc20244-cr-0002"><personName><givenNames>David M.</givenNames><familyName>Semeniuk</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#jgrc20244-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrc20244-cr-0003"><personName><givenNames>Christopher D.</givenNames><familyName>Payne</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#jgrc20244-aff-0002 #jgrc20244-aff-0003" creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrc20244-cr-0004"><personName><givenNames>Jie</givenNames><familyName>Zhou</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#jgrc20244-aff-0004" creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrc20244-cr-0005"><personName><givenNames>Jean‐Éric</givenNames><familyName>Tremblay</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#jgrc20244-aff-0003" creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrc20244-cr-0006"><personName><givenNames>Jay T.</givenNames><familyName>Cullen</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#jgrc20244-aff-0001" corresponding="yes" creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrc20244-cr-0007"><personName><givenNames>Maria T.</givenNames><familyName>Maldonado</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation countryCode="CA" type="organization" xml:id="jgrc20244-aff-0001"><orgDiv>Department of Earth</orgDiv><orgDiv>Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences</orgDiv><orgName>University of British Columbia</orgName><address><city>Vancouver</city><countryPart>British Columbia</countryPart><country>Canada</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="CN" type="organization" xml:id="jgrc20244-aff-0002"><orgDiv>Department of Environmental Science and Engineering</orgDiv><orgName>Hangzhou Dianzi University</orgName><address><countryPart>Hangzhou</countryPart><country>China</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="CA" type="organization" xml:id="jgrc20244-aff-0003"><orgDiv>School of Earth and Ocean Sciences</orgDiv><orgName>University of Victoria</orgName><address><city>Victoria</city><countryPart>British Columbia</countryPart><country>Canada</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="CA" type="organization" xml:id="jgrc20244-aff-0004"><orgDiv>Département de Biologie</orgDiv><orgName>Université Laval</orgName><address><street>Pavillon Alexandre Vachon</street><city>Quebec</city><countryPart>Quebec</countryPart><country>Canada</country></address></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="jgrc20244-kwd-0001">Beaufort Sea</keyword><keyword xml:id="jgrc20244-kwd-0002">light</keyword><keyword xml:id="jgrc20244-kwd-0003">Iron (Fe)</keyword><keyword xml:id="jgrc20244-kwd-0004">phytoplankton</keyword><keyword xml:id="jgrc20244-kwd-0005">Arctic</keyword><keyword xml:id="jgrc20244-kwd-0006">nitrate</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main"><p label="1">As part of the GEOTRACES International Polar Year program, in September 2009 we performed a grow‐out experiment to investigate the potential for nitrate, light, and iron (Fe) limitation of Beaufort Sea phytoplankton. Nutrients, phytoplankton biomass/composition, and Fe and C uptake rates were measured regularly. Nitrate additions enhanced phytoplankton growth, demonstrating that the late summer phytoplankton community was N limited. In the treatments with additions of nitrate but not Fe, total chlorophyll <i>a</i> doubled with each increase in light level, indicating the community was also light limited. In nitrate enriched treatments, colimitation of primary production by Fe and light was observed at light levels ≤10% surface irradiance (<i>I<sub>o</sub></i>), which corresponded to depths ≥33 m. The higher Fe demand associated with low irradiance was supported by 10‐ to 100‐fold higher Fe:C assimilation ratios. Furthermore, the Fe:C assimilation ratios of phytoplankton with an Fe addition (1 nmol L<sup>−1</sup>) were ∼2‐fold higher than those with no Fe added at 1%<i>I<sub>o</sub></i>, indicating severe Fe deficiency at in situ Fe (0.154 nmol L<sup>−1</sup>) and low light. The average light intensity experienced by phytoplankton in the 1%<i>I<sub>o</sub></i> treatments corresponded to the light intensity at ∼73 m, which is well below the 44 m euphotic depth at this station in late summer, but coincides with the depth where the subsurface chlorophyll maximum is often found in this region (∼70 m). These results suggest that in addition to nitrate and light, Fe availability may control primary productivity in the Beaufort Sea, and seasonal changes in light, nitrate, and Fe availability may differentially control Arctic phytoplankton growth.</p></abstract><abstract type="short"><title type="main">Key Points</title><p><list style="bulleted"><listItem>NO3‐, light and Fe co‐limitation was found in the Beaufort Sea in Aug/Sept 2009</listItem><listItem>Seasonality of NO3‐, light, and Fe may control Beaufort Sea primary productivity</listItem><listItem>Global warming may lead to increased Fe and NO3‐ limitation in the Beaufort Sea</listItem></list></p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Colimitation by light, nitrate, and iron in the Beaufort Sea in late summer</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Colimitation in the Beaufort Sea</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Colimitation by light, nitrate, and iron in the Beaufort Sea in late summer</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Rebecca L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Taylor</namePart><affiliation>Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">David M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Semeniuk</namePart><affiliation>Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Christopher D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Payne</namePart><affiliation>Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jie</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhou</namePart><affiliation>Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China</affiliation><affiliation>School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Victoria, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jean‐Éric</namePart><namePart type="family">Tremblay</namePart><affiliation>Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre Vachon, Quebec, Quebec, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jay T.</namePart><namePart type="family">Cullen</namePart><affiliation>School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Victoria, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Maria T.</namePart><namePart type="family">Maldonado</namePart><affiliation>Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: mmaldonado@eos.ubc.ca</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2013-07</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2013-06-11</dateCreated><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2012-10-24</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2013-05-15</dateValid><edition>Taylor, R. L., D. M. Semeniuk, C. D. Payne, J. Zhou, J.‐É. Tremblay, J. T. Cullen, and M. T. Maldonado (2013), Colimitation by light, nitrate, and iron in the Beaufort Sea in late summer, J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 118, 3260–3277, doi:10.1002/jgrc.20244.</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2013</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract>As part of the GEOTRACES International Polar Year program, in September 2009 we performed a grow‐out experiment to investigate the potential for nitrate, light, and iron (Fe) limitation of Beaufort Sea phytoplankton. Nutrients, phytoplankton biomass/composition, and Fe and C uptake rates were measured regularly. Nitrate additions enhanced phytoplankton growth, demonstrating that the late summer phytoplankton community was N limited. In the treatments with additions of nitrate but not Fe, total chlorophyll a doubled with each increase in light level, indicating the community was also light limited. In nitrate enriched treatments, colimitation of primary production by Fe and light was observed at light levels ≤10% surface irradiance (Io), which corresponded to depths ≥33 m. The higher Fe demand associated with low irradiance was supported by 10‐ to 100‐fold higher Fe:C assimilation ratios. Furthermore, the Fe:C assimilation ratios of phytoplankton with an Fe addition (1 nmol L−1) were ∼2‐fold higher than those with no Fe added at 1%Io, indicating severe Fe deficiency at in situ Fe (0.154 nmol L−1) and low light. The average light intensity experienced by phytoplankton in the 1%Io treatments corresponded to the light intensity at ∼73 m, which is well below the 44 m euphotic depth at this station in late summer, but coincides with the depth where the subsurface chlorophyll maximum is often found in this region (∼70 m). These results suggest that in addition to nitrate and light, Fe availability may control primary productivity in the Beaufort Sea, and seasonal changes in light, nitrate, and Fe availability may differentially control Arctic phytoplankton growth.</abstract><abstract type="short">NO3‐, light and Fe co‐limitation was found in the Beaufort Sea in Aug/Sept 2009 Seasonality of NO3‐, light, and Fe may control Beaufort Sea primary productivity Global warming may lead to increased Fe and NO3‐ limitation in the Beaufort Sea</abstract><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Beaufort Sea</topic><topic>light</topic><topic>Iron (Fe)</topic><topic>phytoplankton</topic><topic>Arctic</topic><topic>nitrate</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J. Geophys. Res. Oceans</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>index-terms</genre><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4200">Oceanography: General</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4207">Arctic and Antarctic oceanography</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/9300">Geographic Location</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/9310">Antarctica</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/9315">Arctic region</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4800">Oceanography: Biological and Chemical</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4805">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4855">Phytoplankton</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4845">Nutrients and nutrient cycling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0400">Biogeosciences</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0412">Biogeochemical kinetics and reaction modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0414">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0470">Nutrients and nutrient cycling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0700">Cryosphere</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0793">Biogeochemistry</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1600">Global Change</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1615">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4900">Paleoceanography</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4912">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1000">Geochemistry</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1050">Marine geochemistry</topic></subject><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Regular Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">2169-9275</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">2169-9291</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)2169-9291</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">JGRC</identifier><part><date>2013</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>118</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>7</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3260</start><end>3277</end><total>18</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">CF6DD6F3573BDA77097CEE76FBC268196FEB704E</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/jgrc.20244</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">JGRC20244</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©2013. 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