Respiration and bacterial carbon dynamics in the Amundsen Gulf, western Canadian Arctic
Identifieur interne : 001E02 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001E01; suivant : 001E03Respiration and bacterial carbon dynamics in the Amundsen Gulf, western Canadian Arctic
Auteurs : Dan Nguyen ; Roxane Maranger ; Jean-Éric Tremblay ; Michel GosselinSource :
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans [ 0148-0227 ] ; 2012-09.
Abstract
Respiration rates are fundamental to understanding ecosystem C flux; however, respiration remains poorly characterized in polar oceans. The Circumpolar Flaw Lead (CFL) study provided a unique opportunity to sample the Amundsen Gulf, from November 2007 to July 2008 and follow microbial C dynamics. This study shows that bacterial production (BP) was highly variable, ranging from 0.01 to 2.14 μg C L−1 d−1 (CV = 192%), whereas the range in community respiration (CR) was more conservative from 3.8 to 44.2 μg C L−1 d−1 (CV = 55%), with measurable rates throughout the year. The spring‐summer peak in BP preceded the peak in CR suggesting differential predominant control. From May until July, BP was more related to chlorophyll a concentration (r = 0.68) whereas CR was not. Given the observed high variability, BP was the main driver of bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) (r2 = 0.86). The overall average BGE was low at 4.6%, ranging from 0.20 in winter to a peak of 18.6% during the spring bloom. This study confirms that respiration is an important fate for C in the Amundsen Gulf, and our rate‐based estimates of ecosystem scale CR suggests that considerably more C is respired than could be accounted for by gross primary production (GPP). One of the most plausible explanations for this observed discrepancy is that regenerated primary production is currently underestimated.
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DOI: 10.1029/2011JC007343
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Geophys. Res.</title><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno><idno type="eISSN">2156-2202</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2012-09">2012-09</date><biblScope unit="volume">117</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">C9</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="/">n/a</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="/">n/a</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno></series><idno type="istex">8A918C6816F4AD3767E8A6151364162795FD8559</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1029/2011JC007343</idno><idno type="ArticleID">2011JC007343</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Respiration rates are fundamental to understanding ecosystem C flux; however, respiration remains poorly characterized in polar oceans. The Circumpolar Flaw Lead (CFL) study provided a unique opportunity to sample the Amundsen Gulf, from November 2007 to July 2008 and follow microbial C dynamics. This study shows that bacterial production (BP) was highly variable, ranging from 0.01 to 2.14 μg C L−1 d−1 (CV = 192%), whereas the range in community respiration (CR) was more conservative from 3.8 to 44.2 μg C L−1 d−1 (CV = 55%), with measurable rates throughout the year. The spring‐summer peak in BP preceded the peak in CR suggesting differential predominant control. From May until July, BP was more related to chlorophyll a concentration (r = 0.68) whereas CR was not. Given the observed high variability, BP was the main driver of bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) (r2 = 0.86). The overall average BGE was low at 4.6%, ranging from 0.20 in winter to a peak of 18.6% during the spring bloom. This study confirms that respiration is an important fate for C in the Amundsen Gulf, and our rate‐based estimates of ecosystem scale CR suggests that considerably more C is respired than could be accounted for by gross primary production (GPP). One of the most plausible explanations for this observed discrepancy is that regenerated primary production is currently underestimated.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Dan Nguyen</name><affiliations><json:string>Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et en Environnement Aquatique (GRIL), Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Roxane Maranger</name><affiliations><json:string>Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et en Environnement Aquatique (GRIL), Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada</json:string><json:string>E-mail: r.maranger@umontreal.ca</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jean‐Éric Tremblay</name><affiliations><json:string>Québec-Océan et Takuvik, Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Michel Gosselin</name><affiliations><json:string>Institut des Sciences de la Mer (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Arctic Ocean</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>C cycle</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>bacterial production</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>respiration</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>2011JC007343</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><qualityIndicators><score>9.176</score><pdfVersion>1.6</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>612 x 792 pts 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Arctic</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><availability><p>©2012. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</p></availability><date>2012</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Respiration and bacterial carbon dynamics in the Amundsen Gulf, western Canadian Arctic</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Dan</forename><surname>Nguyen</surname></persName><affiliation>Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et en Environnement Aquatique (GRIL), Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Roxane</forename><surname>Maranger</surname></persName><email>r.maranger@umontreal.ca</email><affiliation>Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et en Environnement Aquatique (GRIL), Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Jean‐Éric</forename><surname>Tremblay</surname></persName><affiliation>Québec-Océan et Takuvik, Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Michel</forename><surname>Gosselin</surname></persName><affiliation>Institut des Sciences de la Mer (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J. Geophys. Res.</title><idno type="pISSN">0148-0227</idno><idno type="eISSN">2156-2202</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)2156-2202c</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2012-09"></date><biblScope unit="volume">117</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">C9</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="/">n/a</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="/">n/a</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">8A918C6816F4AD3767E8A6151364162795FD8559</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1029/2011JC007343</idno><idno type="ArticleID">2011JC007343</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2012</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>Respiration rates are fundamental to understanding ecosystem C flux; however, respiration remains poorly characterized in polar oceans. The Circumpolar Flaw Lead (CFL) study provided a unique opportunity to sample the Amundsen Gulf, from November 2007 to July 2008 and follow microbial C dynamics. This study shows that bacterial production (BP) was highly variable, ranging from 0.01 to 2.14 μg C L−1 d−1 (CV = 192%), whereas the range in community respiration (CR) was more conservative from 3.8 to 44.2 μg C L−1 d−1 (CV = 55%), with measurable rates throughout the year. The spring‐summer peak in BP preceded the peak in CR suggesting differential predominant control. From May until July, BP was more related to chlorophyll a concentration (r = 0.68) whereas CR was not. Given the observed high variability, BP was the main driver of bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) (r2 = 0.86). The overall average BGE was low at 4.6%, ranging from 0.20 in winter to a peak of 18.6% during the spring bloom. This study confirms that respiration is an important fate for C in the Amundsen Gulf, and our rate‐based estimates of ecosystem scale CR suggests that considerably more C is respired than could be accounted for by gross primary production (GPP). One of the most plausible explanations for this observed discrepancy is that regenerated primary production is currently underestimated.</p></abstract><abstract style="short"><p>High respiration in Arctic waters Low bacterial growth efficiencies High respiration rates are likely supported by regenerated primary production</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>Arctic Ocean</term></item><item><term>C cycle</term></item><item><term>bacterial production</term></item><item><term>respiration</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>index-terms</head><item><term>The IPY Circumpolar Flaw Lead and Arctic SOLAS Experiments: Oceanography, Geophysics, and Biogeochemistry of the Amundsen Gulf and Southern Beaufort Sea During a Year of Unprecedented Sea Ice Minima</term></item><item><term>BIOGEOSCIENCES</term></item><item><term>Biogeochemical kinetics and reaction modeling</term></item><item><term>Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</term></item><item><term>Carbon cycling</term></item><item><term>Microbiology: ecology, physiology and genomics</term></item><item><term>CRYOSPHERE</term></item><item><term>Biogeochemistry</term></item><item><term>GLOBAL CHANGE</term></item><item><term>Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</term></item><item><term>OCEANOGRAPHY: GENERAL</term></item><item><term>Arctic and Antarctic oceanography</term></item><item><term>OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL</term></item><item><term>Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</term></item><item><term>Carbon cycling</term></item><item><term>Microbiology and microbial ecology</term></item><item><term>PALEOCEANOGRAPHY</term></item><item><term>Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</term></item><item><term>GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION</term></item><item><term>Antarctica</term></item><item><term>Arctic region</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2011-06-02">Received</change><change when="2012-05-02">Registration</change><change when="2012-09">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api-v5.istex.fr/document/8A918C6816F4AD3767E8A6151364162795FD8559/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component type="serialArticle" version="2.0" xml:lang="en" xml:id="jgrc12234"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><doi>10.1002/(ISSN)2156-2202c</doi><issn type="print">0148-0227</issn><issn type="electronic">2156-2202</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="JGRC"></id><id type="coden" value="JGREA2"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH: OCEANS">Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</title><title type="short">J. Geophys. Res.</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="90"><doi>10.1002/jgrc.v117.C9</doi><idGroup><id type="focusSection" value="3"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="focusSection" xml:lang="en">Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</title></titleGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="117">117</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">C9</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2012-09">September 2012</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="350" status="forIssue"><doi>10.1029/2011JC007343</doi><idGroup><id type="editorialOffice" value="2011JC007343"></id><id type="society" value="C00G16"></id><id type="unit" value="JGRC12234"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="12"></count></countGroup><copyright ownership="thirdParty">©2012. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptReceived" date="2011-06-02"></event><event type="manuscriptRevised" date="2012-03-16"></event><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2012-05-02"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2012-06-16"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2012-06-16"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="SPi Global Converter:AGUv5.2_TO_WileyML3Gv1.0.3 version:1.1; AGU2WileyML3G Final Clean Up v1.0; WileyML 3G Packaging Tool v1.0" date="2012-12-18"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.2.9 mode:FullText" date="2014-01-07"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.3.4 mode:FullText" date="2015-02-25"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">n/a</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">n/a</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Corresponding author: R. Maranger, Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et en Environnement Aquatique (GRIL), Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre‐ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada. (<email>r.maranger@umontreal.ca</email>)</correspondenceTo><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/specialSection/IPYCFLEXP1">The IPY Circumpolar Flaw Lead and Arctic SOLAS Experiments: Oceanography, Geophysics, and Biogeochemistry of the Amundsen Gulf and Southern Beaufort Sea During a Year of Unprecedented Sea Ice Minima</subject><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0400">BIOGEOSCIENCES</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0412">Biogeochemical kinetics and reaction modeling</subject><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0414">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</subject><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0428">Carbon cycling</subject><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0465">Microbiology: ecology, physiology and genomics</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0700">CRYOSPHERE</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0793">Biogeochemistry</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1600">GLOBAL CHANGE</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1615">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</subject></subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4200">OCEANOGRAPHY: GENERAL</subject><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4207">Arctic and Antarctic oceanography</subject></subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4800">OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL</subject><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4805">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</subject><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4806">Carbon cycling</subject><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4840">Microbiology and microbial ecology</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4900">PALEOCEANOGRAPHY</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4912">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/9300">GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/9310">Antarctica</subject><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/9315">Arctic region</subject></subjectInfo></subjectInfo><selfCitationGroup><citation xml:id="jgrc12234-cit-0000" type="self"><author><familyName>Nguyen</familyName>, <givenNames>D.</givenNames></author>, <author><givenNames>R.</givenNames> <familyName>Maranger</familyName></author>, <author><givenNames>J.‐É.</givenNames> <familyName>Tremblay</familyName></author>, and <author><givenNames>M.</givenNames> <familyName>Gosselin</familyName></author> (<pubYear year="2012">2012</pubYear>), <articleTitle>Respiration and bacterial carbon dynamics in the Amundsen Gulf, western Canadian Arctic</articleTitle>, <journalTitle>J. Geophys. Res.</journalTitle>, <vol>117</vol>, C00G16, doi:<accessionId ref="info:doi/10.1029/2011JC007343">10.1029/2011JC007343</accessionId>.</citation></selfCitationGroup><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:JGRC.JGRC12234.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="wordTotal" number="10800"></count><count type="figureTotal" number="5"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="3"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Respiration and bacterial carbon dynamics in the Amundsen Gulf, western Canadian Arctic</title><title type="shortAuthors">NGUYEN ET AL.</title><title type="short">BACTERIAL METABOLISM IN THE ARCTIC</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="jgrc12234-cr-0001" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#jgrc12234-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>Dan</givenNames><familyName>Nguyen</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="jgrc12234-cr-0002" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#jgrc12234-aff-0001" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>Roxane</givenNames><familyName>Maranger</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email>r.maranger@umontreal.ca</email></contactDetails></creator><creator xml:id="jgrc12234-cr-0003" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#jgrc12234-aff-0002"><personName><givenNames>Jean‐Éric</givenNames><familyName>Tremblay</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="jgrc12234-cr-0004" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#jgrc12234-aff-0003"><personName><givenNames>Michel</givenNames><familyName>Gosselin</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="jgrc12234-aff-0001" countryCode="CA" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et en Environnement Aquatique (GRIL), Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="jgrc12234-aff-0002" countryCode="CA" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Québec-Océan et Takuvik, Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="jgrc12234-aff-0003" countryCode="CA" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Institut des Sciences de la Mer (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="jgrc12234-kwd-0001">Arctic Ocean</keyword><keyword xml:id="jgrc12234-kwd-0002">C cycle</keyword><keyword xml:id="jgrc12234-kwd-0003">bacterial production</keyword><keyword xml:id="jgrc12234-kwd-0004">respiration</keyword></keywordGroup><supportingInformation xml:id="jgrc12234-sup-0000"><p xml:id="jgrc12234-para-0001">Auxiliary material for this article contains a figure, a table, and a short discussion describing the potential effect of temperature correction on respiration rates.</p><p xml:id="jgrc12234-para-0002">Auxiliary material files may require downloading to a local drive depending on platform, browser, configuration, and size. To open auxiliary materials in a browser, click on the label. To download, Right‐click and select “Save Target As…” (PC) or CTRL‐click and select “Download Link to Disk” (Mac).</p><p xml:id="jgrc12234-para-0003">Additional file information is provided in the readme.txt.</p><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:01480227:media:jgrc12234:jgrc12234-sup-0001-readme"></mediaResource><caption>readme.txt</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:01480227:media:jgrc12234:jgrc12234-sup-0002-txts01"></mediaResource><caption>Text S1. A short discussion of the supplementary information given to the reader.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" rendition="webOriginal" mimeType="image/jpeg" href="urn-x:wiley:01480227:media:jgrc12234:jgrc12234-sup-0003-fs01"></mediaResource><caption>Figure S1. Caption: Comparison of the uncorrected (crosses) and CR corrected with a Q10 of 4 (open circles)as per the manuscript as a function of in situ temperature.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:01480227:media:jgrc12234:jgrc12234-sup-0004-ts01"></mediaResource><caption>Table S1. Comparison of uncorrected and corrected CR estimates using Q10 values of 2 and 4, within situ and incubation temperature, geographical localization, and depth sampled.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:01480227:media:jgrc12234:jgrc12234-sup-0005-t01"></mediaResource><caption>Tab‐delimited Table 1.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:01480227:media:jgrc12234:jgrc12234-sup-0006-t02"></mediaResource><caption>Tab‐delimited Table 2.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:01480227:media:jgrc12234:jgrc12234-sup-0007-t03"></mediaResource><caption>Tab‐delimited Table 3.</caption></supportingInfoItem></supportingInformation><abstractGroup><abstract type="main"><p xml:id="jgrc12234-para-0004" label="1">Respiration rates are fundamental to understanding ecosystem C flux; however, respiration remains poorly characterized in polar oceans. The Circumpolar Flaw Lead (CFL) study provided a unique opportunity to sample the Amundsen Gulf, from November 2007 to July 2008 and follow microbial C dynamics. This study shows that bacterial production (BP) was highly variable, ranging from 0.01 to 2.14 <i>μ</i>g C L<sup>−1</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> (CV = 192%), whereas the range in community respiration (CR) was more conservative from 3.8 to 44.2 <i>μ</i>g C L<sup>−1</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> (CV = 55%), with measurable rates throughout the year. The spring‐summer peak in BP preceded the peak in CR suggesting differential predominant control. From May until July, BP was more related to chlorophyll <i>a</i> concentration (r = 0.68) whereas CR was not. Given the observed high variability, BP was the main driver of bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.86). The overall average BGE was low at 4.6%, ranging from 0.20 in winter to a peak of 18.6% during the spring bloom. This study confirms that respiration is an important fate for C in the Amundsen Gulf, and our rate‐based estimates of ecosystem scale CR suggests that considerably more C is respired than could be accounted for by gross primary production (GPP). One of the most plausible explanations for this observed discrepancy is that regenerated primary production is currently underestimated.</p></abstract><abstract type="short"><title type="main">Key Points</title><p xml:id="jgrc12234-para-0005"><list style="bulleted"><listItem>High respiration in Arctic waters</listItem><listItem>Low bacterial growth efficiencies</listItem><listItem>High respiration rates are likely supported by regenerated primary production</listItem></list></p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Respiration and bacterial carbon dynamics in the Amundsen Gulf, western Canadian Arctic</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>BACTERIAL METABOLISM IN THE ARCTIC</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Respiration and bacterial carbon dynamics in the Amundsen Gulf, western Canadian Arctic</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Dan</namePart><namePart type="family">Nguyen</namePart><affiliation>Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et en Environnement Aquatique (GRIL), Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Roxane</namePart><namePart type="family">Maranger</namePart><affiliation>Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et en Environnement Aquatique (GRIL), Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: r.maranger@umontreal.ca</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jean‐Éric</namePart><namePart type="family">Tremblay</namePart><affiliation>Québec-Océan et Takuvik, Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Michel</namePart><namePart type="family">Gosselin</namePart><affiliation>Institut des Sciences de la Mer (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Québec, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2012-09</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2011-06-02</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2012-05-02</dateValid><edition>Nguyen, D., R. Maranger, J.‐É. Tremblay, and M. Gosselin (2012), Respiration and bacterial carbon dynamics in the Amundsen Gulf, western Canadian Arctic, J. Geophys. Res., 117, C00G16, doi:10.1029/2011JC007343.</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2012</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">5</extent><extent unit="tables">3</extent><extent unit="words">10800</extent></physicalDescription><abstract>Respiration rates are fundamental to understanding ecosystem C flux; however, respiration remains poorly characterized in polar oceans. The Circumpolar Flaw Lead (CFL) study provided a unique opportunity to sample the Amundsen Gulf, from November 2007 to July 2008 and follow microbial C dynamics. This study shows that bacterial production (BP) was highly variable, ranging from 0.01 to 2.14 μg C L−1 d−1 (CV = 192%), whereas the range in community respiration (CR) was more conservative from 3.8 to 44.2 μg C L−1 d−1 (CV = 55%), with measurable rates throughout the year. The spring‐summer peak in BP preceded the peak in CR suggesting differential predominant control. From May until July, BP was more related to chlorophyll a concentration (r = 0.68) whereas CR was not. Given the observed high variability, BP was the main driver of bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) (r2 = 0.86). The overall average BGE was low at 4.6%, ranging from 0.20 in winter to a peak of 18.6% during the spring bloom. This study confirms that respiration is an important fate for C in the Amundsen Gulf, and our rate‐based estimates of ecosystem scale CR suggests that considerably more C is respired than could be accounted for by gross primary production (GPP). One of the most plausible explanations for this observed discrepancy is that regenerated primary production is currently underestimated.</abstract><abstract type="short">High respiration in Arctic waters Low bacterial growth efficiencies High respiration rates are likely supported by regenerated primary production</abstract><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Arctic Ocean</topic><topic>C cycle</topic><topic>bacterial production</topic><topic>respiration</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J. Geophys. Res.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><note type="content"> Auxiliary material for this article contains a figure, a table, and a short discussion describing the potential effect of temperature correction on respiration rates. Auxiliary material files may require downloading to a local drive depending on platform, browser, configuration, and size. To open auxiliary materials in a browser, click on the label. To download, Right‐click and select “Save Target As…” (PC) or CTRL‐click and select “Download Link to Disk” (Mac). Additional file information is provided in the readme.txt. Auxiliary material for this article contains a figure, a table, and a short discussion describing the potential effect of temperature correction on respiration rates. Auxiliary material files may require downloading to a local drive depending on platform, browser, configuration, and size. To open auxiliary materials in a browser, click on the label. To download, Right‐click and select “Save Target As…” (PC) or CTRL‐click and select “Download Link to Disk” (Mac). Additional file information is provided in the readme.txt. Auxiliary material for this article contains a figure, a table, and a short discussion describing the potential effect of temperature correction on respiration rates. Auxiliary material files may require downloading to a local drive depending on platform, browser, configuration, and size. To open auxiliary materials in a browser, click on the label. To download, Right‐click and select “Save Target As…” (PC) or CTRL‐click and select “Download Link to Disk” (Mac). Additional file information is provided in the readme.txt.Supporting Info Item: readme.txt - Text S1. A short discussion of the supplementary information given to the reader. - Figure S1. Caption: Comparison of the uncorrected (crosses) and CR corrected with a Q10 of 4 (open circles)as per the manuscript as a function of in situ temperature. - Table S1. Comparison of uncorrected and corrected CR estimates using Q10 values of 2 and 4, within situ and incubation temperature, geographical localization, and depth sampled. - Tab‐delimited Table 1. - Tab‐delimited Table 2. - Tab‐delimited Table 3. - </note><subject><genre>index-terms</genre><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/specialSection/IPYCFLEXP1">The IPY Circumpolar Flaw Lead and Arctic SOLAS Experiments: Oceanography, Geophysics, and Biogeochemistry of the Amundsen Gulf and Southern Beaufort Sea During a Year of Unprecedented Sea Ice Minima</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0400">BIOGEOSCIENCES</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0412">Biogeochemical kinetics and reaction modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0414">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0428">Carbon cycling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0465">Microbiology: ecology, physiology and genomics</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0700">CRYOSPHERE</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0793">Biogeochemistry</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1600">GLOBAL CHANGE</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1615">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4200">OCEANOGRAPHY: GENERAL</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4207">Arctic and Antarctic oceanography</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4800">OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4805">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4806">Carbon cycling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4840">Microbiology and microbial ecology</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4900">PALEOCEANOGRAPHY</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4912">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/9300">GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/9310">Antarctica</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/9315">Arctic region</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0148-0227</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">2156-2202</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)2156-2202c</identifier><identifier type="CODEN">JGREA2</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">JGRC</identifier><part><date>2012</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>117</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>C9</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>n/a</start><end>n/a</end><total>12</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">8A918C6816F4AD3767E8A6151364162795FD8559</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1029/2011JC007343</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">2011JC007343</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©2012. 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