Insight Into the Relationship Between Impulsivity and Substance Abuse From Studies Using Animal Models
Identifieur interne : 001410 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001409; suivant : 001411Insight Into the Relationship Between Impulsivity and Substance Abuse From Studies Using Animal Models
Auteurs : Catharine A. Winstanley ; Peter Olausson ; Jane R. Taylor ; J. David JentschSource :
- Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research [ 0145-6008 ] ; 2010-08.
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Abstract
Drug use disorders are often accompanied by deficits in the capacity to efficiently process reward‐related information and to monitor, suppress, or override reward‐controlled behavior when goals are in conflict with aversive or immediate outcomes. This emerging deficit in behavioral flexibility and impulse control may be a central component of the progression to addiction, as behavior becomes increasingly driven by drugs and drug‐associated cues at the expense of more advantageous activities. Understanding how neural mechanisms implicated in impulse control are affected by addictive drugs may therefore prove a useful strategy in the search for new treatment options. Animal models of impulsivity and addiction could make a significant contribution to this endeavor. Here, some of the more common behavioral paradigms used to measure different aspects of impulsivity across species are outlined, and the importance of the response to reward‐paired cues in such paradigms is discussed. Naturally occurring differences in forms of impulsivity have been found to be predictive of future drug self‐administration, but drug exposure can also increase impulsive responding. Such data are in keeping with the suggestion that impulsivity may contribute to multiple stages within the spiral of addiction. From a neurobiological perspective, converging evidence from rat, monkey, and human studies suggest that compromised functioning within the orbitofrontal cortex may critically contribute to the cognitive sequelae of drug abuse. Changes in gene transcription and protein expression within this region may provide insight into the mechanism underlying drug‐induced cortical hypofunction, reflecting new molecular targets for the treatment of uncontrolled drug‐seeking and drug‐taking behavior.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01215.x
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ISTEX:8CF217A88BDEEA339D933B1F430D3F078E697C42Le document en format XML
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Winstanley</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>From the Department of Psychology (CAW), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Psychiatry (PO, JRT), Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry & Bio‐behavioral Sciences (JDJ), University of California, Los Angeles, California.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olausson, Peter" sort="Olausson, Peter" uniqKey="Olausson P" first="Peter" last="Olausson">Peter Olausson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>From the Department of Psychology (CAW), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Psychiatry (PO, JRT), Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry & Bio‐behavioral Sciences (JDJ), University of California, Los Angeles, California.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, Jane R" sort="Taylor, Jane R" uniqKey="Taylor J" first="Jane R." last="Taylor">Jane R. Taylor</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>From the Department of Psychology (CAW), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Psychiatry (PO, JRT), Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry & Bio‐behavioral Sciences (JDJ), University of California, Los Angeles, California.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jentsch, J David" sort="Jentsch, J David" uniqKey="Jentsch J" first="J. David" last="Jentsch">J. David Jentsch</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>From the Department of Psychology (CAW), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Psychiatry (PO, JRT), Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry & Bio‐behavioral Sciences (JDJ), University of California, Los Angeles, California.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:8CF217A88BDEEA339D933B1F430D3F078E697C42</idno><date when="2010" year="2010">2010</date><idno type="doi">10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01215.x</idno><idno type="url">https://api-v5.istex.fr/document/8CF217A88BDEEA339D933B1F430D3F078E697C42/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001410</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001410</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Insight Into the Relationship Between Impulsivity and Substance Abuse From Studies Using Animal Models</title><author><name sortKey="Winstanley, Catharine A" sort="Winstanley, Catharine A" uniqKey="Winstanley C" first="Catharine A." last="Winstanley">Catharine A. Winstanley</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>From the Department of Psychology (CAW), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Psychiatry (PO, JRT), Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry & Bio‐behavioral Sciences (JDJ), University of California, Los Angeles, California.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olausson, Peter" sort="Olausson, Peter" uniqKey="Olausson P" first="Peter" last="Olausson">Peter Olausson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>From the Department of Psychology (CAW), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Psychiatry (PO, JRT), Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry & Bio‐behavioral Sciences (JDJ), University of California, Los Angeles, California.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, Jane R" sort="Taylor, Jane R" uniqKey="Taylor J" first="Jane R." last="Taylor">Jane R. Taylor</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>From the Department of Psychology (CAW), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Psychiatry (PO, JRT), Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry & Bio‐behavioral Sciences (JDJ), University of California, Los Angeles, California.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jentsch, J David" sort="Jentsch, J David" uniqKey="Jentsch J" first="J. David" last="Jentsch">J. David Jentsch</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>From the Department of Psychology (CAW), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Psychiatry (PO, JRT), Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry & Bio‐behavioral Sciences (JDJ), University of California, Los Angeles, California.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research</title><idno type="ISSN">0145-6008</idno><idno type="eISSN">1530-0277</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-08">2010-08</date><biblScope unit="volume">34</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">8</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1306">1306</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1318">1318</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0145-6008</idno></series><idno type="istex">8CF217A88BDEEA339D933B1F430D3F078E697C42</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01215.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">ACER1215</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0145-6008</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Cocaine</term><term>Delay Discounting</term><term>Five‐Choice Serial Reaction Time Task</term><term>Monkey</term><term>Orbitofrontal Cortex</term><term>Rat</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Drug use disorders are often accompanied by deficits in the capacity to efficiently process reward‐related information and to monitor, suppress, or override reward‐controlled behavior when goals are in conflict with aversive or immediate outcomes. This emerging deficit in behavioral flexibility and impulse control may be a central component of the progression to addiction, as behavior becomes increasingly driven by drugs and drug‐associated cues at the expense of more advantageous activities. Understanding how neural mechanisms implicated in impulse control are affected by addictive drugs may therefore prove a useful strategy in the search for new treatment options. Animal models of impulsivity and addiction could make a significant contribution to this endeavor. Here, some of the more common behavioral paradigms used to measure different aspects of impulsivity across species are outlined, and the importance of the response to reward‐paired cues in such paradigms is discussed. Naturally occurring differences in forms of impulsivity have been found to be predictive of future drug self‐administration, but drug exposure can also increase impulsive responding. Such data are in keeping with the suggestion that impulsivity may contribute to multiple stages within the spiral of addiction. From a neurobiological perspective, converging evidence from rat, monkey, and human studies suggest that compromised functioning within the orbitofrontal cortex may critically contribute to the cognitive sequelae of drug abuse. Changes in gene transcription and protein expression within this region may provide insight into the mechanism underlying drug‐induced cortical hypofunction, reflecting new molecular targets for the treatment of uncontrolled drug‐seeking and drug‐taking behavior.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Catharine A. 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This emerging deficit in behavioral flexibility and impulse control may be a central component of the progression to addiction, as behavior becomes increasingly driven by drugs and drug‐associated cues at the expense of more advantageous activities. Understanding how neural mechanisms implicated in impulse control are affected by addictive drugs may therefore prove a useful strategy in the search for new treatment options. Animal models of impulsivity and addiction could make a significant contribution to this endeavor. Here, some of the more common behavioral paradigms used to measure different aspects of impulsivity across species are outlined, and the importance of the response to reward‐paired cues in such paradigms is discussed. Naturally occurring differences in forms of impulsivity have been found to be predictive of future drug self‐administration, but drug exposure can also increase impulsive responding. Such data are in keeping with the suggestion that impulsivity may contribute to multiple stages within the spiral of addiction. From a neurobiological perspective, converging evidence from rat, monkey, and human studies suggest that compromised functioning within the orbitofrontal cortex may critically contribute to the cognitive sequelae of drug abuse. 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David</forename><surname>Jentsch</surname></persName><affiliation>From the Department of Psychology (CAW), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Psychiatry (PO, JRT), Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry & Bio‐behavioral Sciences (JDJ), University of California, Los Angeles, California.</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research</title><idno type="pISSN">0145-6008</idno><idno type="eISSN">1530-0277</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1530-0277</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-08"></date><biblScope unit="volume">34</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">8</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1306">1306</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1318">1318</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">8CF217A88BDEEA339D933B1F430D3F078E697C42</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01215.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">ACER1215</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2010</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Drug use disorders are often accompanied by deficits in the capacity to efficiently process reward‐related information and to monitor, suppress, or override reward‐controlled behavior when goals are in conflict with aversive or immediate outcomes. This emerging deficit in behavioral flexibility and impulse control may be a central component of the progression to addiction, as behavior becomes increasingly driven by drugs and drug‐associated cues at the expense of more advantageous activities. Understanding how neural mechanisms implicated in impulse control are affected by addictive drugs may therefore prove a useful strategy in the search for new treatment options. Animal models of impulsivity and addiction could make a significant contribution to this endeavor. Here, some of the more common behavioral paradigms used to measure different aspects of impulsivity across species are outlined, and the importance of the response to reward‐paired cues in such paradigms is discussed. Naturally occurring differences in forms of impulsivity have been found to be predictive of future drug self‐administration, but drug exposure can also increase impulsive responding. Such data are in keeping with the suggestion that impulsivity may contribute to multiple stages within the spiral of addiction. From a neurobiological perspective, converging evidence from rat, monkey, and human studies suggest that compromised functioning within the orbitofrontal cortex may critically contribute to the cognitive sequelae of drug abuse. Changes in gene transcription and protein expression within this region may provide insight into the mechanism underlying drug‐induced cortical hypofunction, reflecting new molecular targets for the treatment of uncontrolled drug‐seeking and drug‐taking behavior.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>Orbitofrontal Cortex</term></item><item><term>Cocaine</term></item><item><term>Delay Discounting</term></item><item><term>Five‐Choice Serial Reaction Time Task</term></item><item><term>Rat</term></item><item><term>Monkey</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2010-08">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api-v5.istex.fr/document/8CF217A88BDEEA339D933B1F430D3F078E697C42/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1530-0277</doi><issn type="print">0145-6008</issn><issn type="electronic">1530-0277</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="ACER"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="ALCOHOLISM CLINICAL EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH">Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="08108"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/acer.2010.34.issue-8</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="34">34</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="8">8</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2010-08">August 2010</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="2" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01215.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="ACER1215"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="13"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">Control Yourself: Alcohol and Impulsivity</title></titleGroup><copyright>Copyright © 2010 by the Research Society on Alcoholism</copyright><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2010-05-14"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2010-07-21"></event><event type="publishedOnlineAcceptedOrEarlyUnpaginated" date="2010-05-14"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.25 mode:FullText source:FullText result:FullText" date="2010-11-03"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2013-12-31"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-14"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="1306">1306</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="1318">1318</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo><i>Reprint requests: Catharine A. Winstanley, PhD, Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; Tel: +1‐604‐822‐3128; fax: +1‐604‐822‐6923; E‐mail: </i><email>cwinstanley@psych.ubc.ca</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:ACER.ACER1215.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Received for publication September 24, 2009; accepted December 13, 2009.</unparsedEditorialHistory><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="2"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="0"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Insight Into the Relationship Between Impulsivity and Substance Abuse From Studies Using Animal Models</title><title type="shortAuthors">WINSTANLEY ET AL.</title><title type="short">ANIMAL MODELS OF IMPULSIVITY AND ADDICTION</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#aff-1-1"><personName><givenNames>Catharine A.</givenNames><familyName>Winstanley</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#aff-1-1"><personName><givenNames>Peter</givenNames><familyName>Olausson</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#aff-1-1"><personName><givenNames>Jane R.</givenNames><familyName>Taylor</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#aff-1-1"><personName><givenNames>J. David</givenNames><familyName>Jentsch</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="aff-1-1" countryCode="CA"><unparsedAffiliation>From the Department of Psychology (CAW), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Psychiatry (PO, JRT), Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry & Bio‐behavioral Sciences (JDJ), University of California, Los Angeles, California.</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">Orbitofrontal Cortex</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">Cocaine</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">Delay Discounting</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">Five‐Choice Serial Reaction Time Task</keyword><keyword xml:id="k5">Rat</keyword><keyword xml:id="k6">Monkey</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><p>Drug use disorders are often accompanied by deficits in the capacity to efficiently process reward‐related information and to monitor, suppress, or override reward‐controlled behavior when goals are in conflict with aversive or immediate outcomes. This emerging deficit in behavioral flexibility and impulse control may be a central component of the progression to addiction, as behavior becomes increasingly driven by drugs and drug‐associated cues at the expense of more advantageous activities. Understanding how neural mechanisms implicated in impulse control are affected by addictive drugs may therefore prove a useful strategy in the search for new treatment options. Animal models of impulsivity and addiction could make a significant contribution to this endeavor. Here, some of the more common behavioral paradigms used to measure different aspects of impulsivity across species are outlined, and the importance of the response to reward‐paired cues in such paradigms is discussed. Naturally occurring differences in forms of impulsivity have been found to be predictive of future drug self‐administration, but drug exposure can also increase impulsive responding. Such data are in keeping with the suggestion that impulsivity may contribute to multiple stages within the spiral of addiction. From a neurobiological perspective, converging evidence from rat, monkey, and human studies suggest that compromised functioning within the orbitofrontal cortex may critically contribute to the cognitive sequelae of drug abuse. Changes in gene transcription and protein expression within this region may provide insight into the mechanism underlying drug‐induced cortical hypofunction, reflecting new molecular targets for the treatment of uncontrolled drug‐seeking and drug‐taking behavior.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Insight Into the Relationship Between Impulsivity and Substance Abuse From Studies Using Animal Models</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>ANIMAL MODELS OF IMPULSIVITY AND ADDICTION</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Insight Into the Relationship Between Impulsivity and Substance Abuse From Studies Using Animal Models</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Catharine A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Winstanley</namePart><affiliation>From the Department of Psychology (CAW), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Psychiatry (PO, JRT), Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry & Bio‐behavioral Sciences (JDJ), University of California, Los Angeles, California.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Peter</namePart><namePart type="family">Olausson</namePart><affiliation>From the Department of Psychology (CAW), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Psychiatry (PO, JRT), Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry & Bio‐behavioral Sciences (JDJ), University of California, Los Angeles, California.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jane R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Taylor</namePart><affiliation>From the Department of Psychology (CAW), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Psychiatry (PO, JRT), Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry & Bio‐behavioral Sciences (JDJ), University of California, Los Angeles, California.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. David</namePart><namePart type="family">Jentsch</namePart><affiliation>From the Department of Psychology (CAW), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Psychiatry (PO, JRT), Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry & Bio‐behavioral Sciences (JDJ), University of California, Los Angeles, California.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010-08</dateIssued><edition>Received for publication September 24, 2009; accepted December 13, 2009.</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">2</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Drug use disorders are often accompanied by deficits in the capacity to efficiently process reward‐related information and to monitor, suppress, or override reward‐controlled behavior when goals are in conflict with aversive or immediate outcomes. This emerging deficit in behavioral flexibility and impulse control may be a central component of the progression to addiction, as behavior becomes increasingly driven by drugs and drug‐associated cues at the expense of more advantageous activities. Understanding how neural mechanisms implicated in impulse control are affected by addictive drugs may therefore prove a useful strategy in the search for new treatment options. Animal models of impulsivity and addiction could make a significant contribution to this endeavor. Here, some of the more common behavioral paradigms used to measure different aspects of impulsivity across species are outlined, and the importance of the response to reward‐paired cues in such paradigms is discussed. Naturally occurring differences in forms of impulsivity have been found to be predictive of future drug self‐administration, but drug exposure can also increase impulsive responding. Such data are in keeping with the suggestion that impulsivity may contribute to multiple stages within the spiral of addiction. From a neurobiological perspective, converging evidence from rat, monkey, and human studies suggest that compromised functioning within the orbitofrontal cortex may critically contribute to the cognitive sequelae of drug abuse. Changes in gene transcription and protein expression within this region may provide insight into the mechanism underlying drug‐induced cortical hypofunction, reflecting new molecular targets for the treatment of uncontrolled drug‐seeking and drug‐taking behavior.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Orbitofrontal Cortex</topic><topic>Cocaine</topic><topic>Delay Discounting</topic><topic>Five‐Choice Serial Reaction Time Task</topic><topic>Rat</topic><topic>Monkey</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0145-6008</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1530-0277</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1530-0277</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">ACER</identifier><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>34</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>8</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1306</start><end>1318</end><total>13</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">8CF217A88BDEEA339D933B1F430D3F078E697C42</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01215.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">ACER1215</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2010 by the Research Society on Alcoholism</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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