Development and validation of a one‐dimensional snow‐ice algae model against observations in Resolute Passage, Canadian Arctic Archipelago
Identifieur interne : 001030 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001029; suivant : 001031Development and validation of a one‐dimensional snow‐ice algae model against observations in Resolute Passage, Canadian Arctic Archipelago
Auteurs : L. Pogson ; B. Tremblay ; D. Lavoie ; C. Michel ; M. VancoppenolleSource :
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans [ 0148-0227 ] ; 2011-04.
Abstract
Ice algae are an important component of the carbon cycle in the Arctic. We investigate the dynamics of an ice algae bloom by coupling an ice algae‐nutrient model with a multilayer σ coordinate thermodynamic sea ice model. The model is tested with the simulation of an algal bloom at the base of first‐year ice over the spring. Model output is compared with data from Barrow Strait in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Snow cover, through its influence on ice melt, is a dominant factor controlling the decline of the bloom in the model, a finding that supports past studies. The results show that under a higher snow cover (20 cm), biomass in the early stages of the algal bloom is less than expected from the observed data. This discrepancy is due to the severely light‐limited algal growth, despite the close match between simulated and observed under‐ice photosynthetically active radiation. This result raises issues of how photosynthetic parameters as well as radiative transfer is represented in one‐dimensional ice models. This study also shows that for higher algal concentrations, when biomass is split over multiple layers rather than concentrated in one layer at the ice base, there is a reduction in algae accumulation, a result of self shading. In addition, experiments show a sensitivity of total biomass to the oceanic heat flux and ice layer thickness, both of which affect biomass loss at the ice base. Being able to accurately model physical conditions is essential before the seasonal dynamics of ice algae can be accurately modeled, and some recommendations for improvement are discussed.
Url:
DOI: 10.1029/2010JC006119
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We investigate the dynamics of an ice algae bloom by coupling an ice algae‐nutrient model with a multilayer σ coordinate thermodynamic sea ice model. The model is tested with the simulation of an algal bloom at the base of first‐year ice over the spring. Model output is compared with data from Barrow Strait in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Snow cover, through its influence on ice melt, is a dominant factor controlling the decline of the bloom in the model, a finding that supports past studies. The results show that under a higher snow cover (20 cm), biomass in the early stages of the algal bloom is less than expected from the observed data. This discrepancy is due to the severely light‐limited algal growth, despite the close match between simulated and observed under‐ice photosynthetically active radiation. This result raises issues of how photosynthetic parameters as well as radiative transfer is represented in one‐dimensional ice models. This study also shows that for higher algal concentrations, when biomass is split over multiple layers rather than concentrated in one layer at the ice base, there is a reduction in algae accumulation, a result of self shading. In addition, experiments show a sensitivity of total biomass to the oceanic heat flux and ice layer thickness, both of which affect biomass loss at the ice base. Being able to accurately model physical conditions is essential before the seasonal dynamics of ice algae can be accurately modeled, and some recommendations for improvement are discussed.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>L. Pogson</name><affiliations><json:string>Canadian Ice Service, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada</json:string><json:string>E-mail: lynn.pogson@ec.gc.ca</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>B. 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In addition, experiments show a sensitivity of total biomass to the oceanic heat flux and ice layer thickness, both of which affect biomass loss at the ice base. 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This study also shows that for higher algal concentrations, when biomass is split over multiple layers rather than concentrated in one layer at the ice base, there is a reduction in algae accumulation, a result of self shading. In addition, experiments show a sensitivity of total biomass to the oceanic heat flux and ice layer thickness, both of which affect biomass loss at the ice base. 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WileyML 3G Packaging Tool v1.0; AGU2WileyML3G Final Clean Up v1.0" date="2012-12-17"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:4.0.1" date="2014-03-20"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-30"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">n/a</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">n/a</numbering></numberingGroup><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0400">BIOGEOSCIENCES</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0412">Biogeochemical kinetics and reaction modeling</subject><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0414">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</subject></subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0700">CRYOSPHERE</subject><subjectInfo><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0750">Sea ice</subject><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0766">Thermodynamics</subject><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0793">Biogeochemistry</subject><subject href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0798">Modeling</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1000">GEOCHEMISTRY</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1011">Thermodynamics</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1600">GLOBAL CHANGE</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1615">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1900">INFORMATICS</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1952">Modeling</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3600">MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3611">Thermodynamics</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4300">NATURAL HAZARDS</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4316">Physical modeling</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4500">OCEANOGRAPHY: PHYSICAL</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4540">Ice mechanics and air/sea/ice exchange processes</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4800">OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4805">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4900">PALEOCEANOGRAPHY</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4912">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</subject></subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/8400">VOLCANOLOGY</subject><subjectInfo><subject role="crossTerm" href="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/8411">Thermodynamics</subject></subjectInfo></subjectInfo><selfCitationGroup><citation xml:id="jgrc11679-cit-0000" type="self"><author><familyName>Pogson</familyName>, <givenNames>L.</givenNames></author>, <author><givenNames>B.</givenNames> <familyName>Tremblay</familyName></author>, <author><givenNames>D.</givenNames> <familyName>Lavoie</familyName></author>, <author><givenNames>C.</givenNames> <familyName>Michel</familyName></author>, and <author><givenNames>M.</givenNames> <familyName>Vancoppenolle</familyName></author> (<pubYear year="2011">2011</pubYear>), <articleTitle>Development and validation of a one‐dimensional snow‐ice algae model against observations in Resolute Passage, Canadian Arctic Archipelago</articleTitle>, <journalTitle>J. Geophys. Res.</journalTitle>, <vol>116</vol>, C04010, doi:<accessionId ref="info:doi/10.1029/2010JC006119">10.1029/2010JC006119</accessionId>.</citation></selfCitationGroup><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:JGRC.JGRC11679.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="wordTotal" number="13100"></count><count type="figureTotal" number="11"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="4"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Development and validation of a one‐dimensional snow‐ice algae model against observations in Resolute Passage, Canadian Arctic Archipelago</title><title type="short">DEVELOPING A SNOW‐ICE‐ALGAE MODEL</title><title type="shortAuthors">Pogson <i>et al</i>.</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrc11679-cr-0001" affiliationRef="#jgrc11679-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>L.</givenNames> <familyName>Pogson</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email normalForm="lynn.pogson@ec.gc.ca">lynn.pogson@ec.gc.ca</email></contactDetails></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrc11679-cr-0002" affiliationRef="#jgrc11679-aff-0002"><personName><givenNames>B.</givenNames> <familyName>Tremblay</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrc11679-cr-0003" affiliationRef="#jgrc11679-aff-0003"><personName><givenNames>D.</givenNames> <familyName>Lavoie</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrc11679-cr-0004" affiliationRef="#jgrc11679-aff-0004"><personName><givenNames>C.</givenNames> <familyName>Michel</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrc11679-cr-0005" affiliationRef="#jgrc11679-aff-0005"><personName><givenNames>M.</givenNames> <familyName>Vancoppenolle</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation countryCode="CA" type="organization" xml:id="jgrc11679-aff-0001"><orgDiv>Canadian Ice Service</orgDiv><orgName>Environment Canada</orgName><address><city>Ottawa, Ontario</city><country>Canada</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="CA" type="organization" xml:id="jgrc11679-aff-0002"><orgDiv>Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences</orgDiv><orgName>McGill University</orgName><address><city>Montreal, Quebec</city><country>Canada</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="CA" type="organization" xml:id="jgrc11679-aff-0003"><orgDiv>Maurice Lamontagne Institute</orgDiv><orgName>Fisheries and Oceans Canada</orgName><address><city>Mont‐Joli, Quebec</city><country>Canada</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="CA" type="organization" xml:id="jgrc11679-aff-0004"><orgDiv>Arctic Research Division</orgDiv><orgName>Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada</orgName><address><city>Winnipeg, Manitoba</city><country>Canada</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="BE" type="organization" xml:id="jgrc11679-aff-0005"><orgDiv>Institut d'Astronomie et de Géophysique Georges Lemaître</orgDiv><orgName>Université Catholique de Louvain</orgName><address><city>Louvain‐la‐Neuve</city><country>Belgium</country></address></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="jgrc11679-kwd-0001">ice</keyword><keyword xml:id="jgrc11679-kwd-0002">algae</keyword></keywordGroup><supportingInformation><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:01480227:media:jgrc11679:jgrc11679-sup-0001-t01"></mediaResource><caption>Tab‐delimited Table 1.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:01480227:media:jgrc11679:jgrc11679-sup-0002-t02"></mediaResource><caption>Tab‐delimited Table 2.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:01480227:media:jgrc11679:jgrc11679-sup-0003-t03a"></mediaResource><caption>Tab‐delimited Table 3a.</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supplementary data" mimeType="text/plain" href="urn-x:wiley:01480227:media:jgrc11679:jgrc11679-sup-0004-t03b"></mediaResource><caption>Tab‐delimited Table 3b.</caption></supportingInfoItem></supportingInformation><abstractGroup><abstract type="main"><p xml:id="jgrc11679-para-0001" label="1">Ice algae are an important component of the carbon cycle in the Arctic. We investigate the dynamics of an ice algae bloom by coupling an ice algae‐nutrient model with a multilayer <i>σ</i> coordinate thermodynamic sea ice model. The model is tested with the simulation of an algal bloom at the base of first‐year ice over the spring. Model output is compared with data from Barrow Strait in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Snow cover, through its influence on ice melt, is a dominant factor controlling the decline of the bloom in the model, a finding that supports past studies. The results show that under a higher snow cover (20 cm), biomass in the early stages of the algal bloom is less than expected from the observed data. This discrepancy is due to the severely light‐limited algal growth, despite the close match between simulated and observed under‐ice photosynthetically active radiation. This result raises issues of how photosynthetic parameters as well as radiative transfer is represented in one‐dimensional ice models. This study also shows that for higher algal concentrations, when biomass is split over multiple layers rather than concentrated in one layer at the ice base, there is a reduction in algae accumulation, a result of self shading. In addition, experiments show a sensitivity of total biomass to the oceanic heat flux and ice layer thickness, both of which affect biomass loss at the ice base. Being able to accurately model physical conditions is essential before the seasonal dynamics of ice algae can be accurately modeled, and some recommendations for improvement are discussed.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Development and validation of a one‐dimensional snow‐ice algae model against observations in Resolute Passage, Canadian Arctic Archipelago</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>DEVELOPING A SNOW‐ICE‐ALGAE MODEL</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Development and validation of a one‐dimensional snow‐ice algae model against observations in Resolute Passage, Canadian Arctic Archipelago</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Pogson</namePart><affiliation>Canadian Ice Service, Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: lynn.pogson@ec.gc.ca</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Tremblay</namePart><affiliation>Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lavoie</namePart><affiliation>Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Mont‐Joli, Quebec, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Michel</namePart><affiliation>Arctic Research Division, Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Vancoppenolle</namePart><affiliation>Institut d'Astronomie et de Géophysique Georges Lemaître, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain‐la‐Neuve, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2011-04</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2010-01-28</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2011-01-24</dateValid><edition>Pogson, L., B. Tremblay, D. Lavoie, C. Michel, and M. Vancoppenolle (2011), Development and validation of a one‐dimensional snow‐ice algae model against observations in Resolute Passage, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C04010, doi:10.1029/2010JC006119.</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2011</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">11</extent><extent unit="tables">4</extent><extent unit="words">13100</extent></physicalDescription><abstract>Ice algae are an important component of the carbon cycle in the Arctic. We investigate the dynamics of an ice algae bloom by coupling an ice algae‐nutrient model with a multilayer σ coordinate thermodynamic sea ice model. The model is tested with the simulation of an algal bloom at the base of first‐year ice over the spring. Model output is compared with data from Barrow Strait in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Snow cover, through its influence on ice melt, is a dominant factor controlling the decline of the bloom in the model, a finding that supports past studies. The results show that under a higher snow cover (20 cm), biomass in the early stages of the algal bloom is less than expected from the observed data. This discrepancy is due to the severely light‐limited algal growth, despite the close match between simulated and observed under‐ice photosynthetically active radiation. This result raises issues of how photosynthetic parameters as well as radiative transfer is represented in one‐dimensional ice models. This study also shows that for higher algal concentrations, when biomass is split over multiple layers rather than concentrated in one layer at the ice base, there is a reduction in algae accumulation, a result of self shading. In addition, experiments show a sensitivity of total biomass to the oceanic heat flux and ice layer thickness, both of which affect biomass loss at the ice base. Being able to accurately model physical conditions is essential before the seasonal dynamics of ice algae can be accurately modeled, and some recommendations for improvement are discussed.</abstract><note type="additional physical form">Tab‐delimited Table 1.Tab‐delimited Table 2.Tab‐delimited Table 3a.Tab‐delimited Table 3b.</note><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>ice</topic><topic>algae</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J. Geophys. Res.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>index-terms</genre><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0400">BIOGEOSCIENCES</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0412">Biogeochemical kinetics and reaction modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0414">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0700">CRYOSPHERE</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0750">Sea ice</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0766">Thermodynamics</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0793">Biogeochemistry</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0798">Modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1000">GEOCHEMISTRY</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1011">Thermodynamics</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1600">GLOBAL CHANGE</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1615">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1900">INFORMATICS</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/1952">Modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3600">MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/3611">Thermodynamics</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4300">NATURAL HAZARDS</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4316">Physical modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4500">OCEANOGRAPHY: PHYSICAL</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4540">Ice mechanics and air/sea/ice exchange processes</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4800">OCEANOGRAPHY: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4805">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4900">PALEOCEANOGRAPHY</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4912">Biogeochemical cycles, processes, and modeling</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/8400">VOLCANOLOGY</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/8411">Thermodynamics</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0148-0227</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">2156-2202</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)2156-2202c</identifier><identifier type="CODEN">JGREA2</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">JGRC</identifier><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>116</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>C4</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>n/a</start><end>n/a</end><total>16</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">89BA78ACAC898FAC50CC62F1B06752854A0A1F6D</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1029/2010JC006119</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">2010JC006119</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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