Spectral analysis of the electroencephalographic response to experimental concussion in the rat
Identifieur interne : 000749 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000748; suivant : 000750Spectral analysis of the electroencephalographic response to experimental concussion in the rat
Auteurs : M. West ; D. Parkinson ; V. HavlicekSource :
- Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology [ 0013-4694 ] ; 1982.
Abstract
The phenomenon of concussion was studied in 32 non-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley male rats, previously implanted with chronic epidural electrodes for bipolar recording of the electroencephalogram (EEG). EEG records were taken continuously preceding, during and following concussion, which was produced by a lead-tipped dart, shot from a spring-loaded pistol. The mass and velocity of the striking instrument were measured, so the striking instrument were measured, so that its momentum and kinetic energy could be calculated. Spectral analysis of the EEG was performed by means of computer, using Fast Fourier Transform. In stage 1–2 of concussion, the power spectra of alpha, beta, and theta frequency bands were decreased by 25%, 37% and 10%, respectively. The delta spectrum alone was increased by 15%. Stage 3–4 of concussion was characterized by more profound depression of the power spectra of alpha, beta, theta and delta frequency bands (56%, 49%, 34% and 31%, respectively). EEG depression occurred immediately, reached a peak at 5 min and recovered at an average of 2 h in the concussed rats. In 5 rats, which did not recover completely, post-mortem examination revealed cerebral contusion or intracranial hematomas. These rats were not included in the analysis of ‘concussion’. The EEG changes suggest the involvement of the cerebral cortex in the traumatic unconsciousness of concussion and are similar to those of spreading depression, as noted by previous investigators.
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DOI: 10.1016/0013-4694(82)90023-2
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West</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3 Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>† We thank Dr. John Taylor for his assistance in the preparation of specimens for pathological examination and Dr. Allan Wright whose expertise in physics and computer programming was invaluable.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parkinson, D" sort="Parkinson, D" uniqKey="Parkinson D" first="D" last="Parkinson">D. Parkinson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>† We thank Dr. John Taylor for his assistance in the preparation of specimens for pathological examination and Dr. Allan Wright whose expertise in physics and computer programming was invaluable.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Havlicek, V" sort="Havlicek, V" uniqKey="Havlicek V" first="V" last="Havlicek">V. Havlicek</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3 Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>† We thank Dr. John Taylor for his assistance in the preparation of specimens for pathological examination and Dr. Allan Wright whose expertise in physics and computer programming was invaluable.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:082B2F935F17BC69A4ADD67CF5653F9A64B3B088</idno><date when="1982" year="1982">1982</date><idno type="doi">10.1016/0013-4694(82)90023-2</idno><idno type="url">https://api-v5.istex.fr/document/082B2F935F17BC69A4ADD67CF5653F9A64B3B088/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000749</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000749</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a">Spectral analysis of the electroencephalographic response to experimental concussion in the rat</title><author><name sortKey="West, M" sort="West, M" uniqKey="West M" first="M" last="West">M. West</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3 Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>† We thank Dr. John Taylor for his assistance in the preparation of specimens for pathological examination and Dr. Allan Wright whose expertise in physics and computer programming was invaluable.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Parkinson, D" sort="Parkinson, D" uniqKey="Parkinson D" first="D" last="Parkinson">D. Parkinson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>† We thank Dr. John Taylor for his assistance in the preparation of specimens for pathological examination and Dr. Allan Wright whose expertise in physics and computer programming was invaluable.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Havlicek, V" sort="Havlicek, V" uniqKey="Havlicek V" first="V" last="Havlicek">V. Havlicek</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3 Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>† We thank Dr. John Taylor for his assistance in the preparation of specimens for pathological examination and Dr. Allan Wright whose expertise in physics and computer programming was invaluable.</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">EEG</title><idno type="ISSN">0013-4694</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1982">1982</date><biblScope unit="volume">53</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="192">192</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="200">200</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0013-4694</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0013-4694</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The phenomenon of concussion was studied in 32 non-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley male rats, previously implanted with chronic epidural electrodes for bipolar recording of the electroencephalogram (EEG). EEG records were taken continuously preceding, during and following concussion, which was produced by a lead-tipped dart, shot from a spring-loaded pistol. The mass and velocity of the striking instrument were measured, so the striking instrument were measured, so that its momentum and kinetic energy could be calculated. Spectral analysis of the EEG was performed by means of computer, using Fast Fourier Transform. In stage 1–2 of concussion, the power spectra of alpha, beta, and theta frequency bands were decreased by 25%, 37% and 10%, respectively. The delta spectrum alone was increased by 15%. Stage 3–4 of concussion was characterized by more profound depression of the power spectra of alpha, beta, theta and delta frequency bands (56%, 49%, 34% and 31%, respectively). EEG depression occurred immediately, reached a peak at 5 min and recovered at an average of 2 h in the concussed rats. In 5 rats, which did not recover completely, post-mortem examination revealed cerebral contusion or intracranial hematomas. These rats were not included in the analysis of ‘concussion’. The EEG changes suggest the involvement of the cerebral cortex in the traumatic unconsciousness of concussion and are similar to those of spreading depression, as noted by previous investigators.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>M West</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3 Canada</json:string><json:string>Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3, Canada</json:string><json:string>† We thank Dr. John Taylor for his assistance in the preparation of specimens for pathological examination and Dr. Allan Wright whose expertise in physics and computer programming was invaluable.</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>D Parkinson</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3, Canada</json:string><json:string>† We thank Dr. John Taylor for his assistance in the preparation of specimens for pathological examination and Dr. Allan Wright whose expertise in physics and computer programming was invaluable.</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>V Havlicek</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3 Canada</json:string><json:string>† We thank Dr. John Taylor for his assistance in the preparation of specimens for pathological examination and Dr. Allan Wright whose expertise in physics and computer programming was invaluable.</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Full-length article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>The phenomenon of concussion was studied in 32 non-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley male rats, previously implanted with chronic epidural electrodes for bipolar recording of the electroencephalogram (EEG). EEG records were taken continuously preceding, during and following concussion, which was produced by a lead-tipped dart, shot from a spring-loaded pistol. The mass and velocity of the striking instrument were measured, so the striking instrument were measured, so that its momentum and kinetic energy could be calculated. Spectral analysis of the EEG was performed by means of computer, using Fast Fourier Transform. In stage 1–2 of concussion, the power spectra of alpha, beta, and theta frequency bands were decreased by 25%, 37% and 10%, respectively. The delta spectrum alone was increased by 15%. Stage 3–4 of concussion was characterized by more profound depression of the power spectra of alpha, beta, theta and delta frequency bands (56%, 49%, 34% and 31%, respectively). EEG depression occurred immediately, reached a peak at 5 min and recovered at an average of 2 h in the concussed rats. In 5 rats, which did not recover completely, post-mortem examination revealed cerebral contusion or intracranial hematomas. These rats were not included in the analysis of ‘concussion’. 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électroencéphalographique à la concussion expérimentale du rat</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><availability><p>ELSEVIER</p></availability><date>1982</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note>This research was supported by the Medical Research Council of Canada.</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a">Spectral analysis of the electroencephalographic response to experimental concussion in the rat</title><title level="a" type="alt" xml:lang="fr">Analyse spectrale de la réponse électroencéphalographique à la concussion expérimentale du rat</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">M</forename><surname>West</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3 Canada</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>† We thank Dr. John Taylor for his assistance in the preparation of specimens for pathological examination and Dr. Allan Wright whose expertise in physics and computer programming was invaluable.</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">D</forename><surname>Parkinson</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>† We thank Dr. John Taylor for his assistance in the preparation of specimens for pathological examination and Dr. Allan Wright whose expertise in physics and computer programming was invaluable.</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">V</forename><surname>Havlicek</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3 Canada</affiliation><affiliation>† We thank Dr. John Taylor for his assistance in the preparation of specimens for pathological examination and Dr. Allan Wright whose expertise in physics and computer programming was invaluable.</affiliation></author><idno type="istex">082B2F935F17BC69A4ADD67CF5653F9A64B3B088</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/0013-4694(82)90023-2</idno><idno type="PII">0013-4694(82)90023-2</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">EEG</title><idno type="pISSN">0013-4694</idno><idno type="PII">S0013-4694(00)X0057-0</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1982"></date><biblScope unit="volume">53</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="192">192</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="200">200</biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1982</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The phenomenon of concussion was studied in 32 non-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley male rats, previously implanted with chronic epidural electrodes for bipolar recording of the electroencephalogram (EEG). EEG records were taken continuously preceding, during and following concussion, which was produced by a lead-tipped dart, shot from a spring-loaded pistol. The mass and velocity of the striking instrument were measured, so the striking instrument were measured, so that its momentum and kinetic energy could be calculated. Spectral analysis of the EEG was performed by means of computer, using Fast Fourier Transform. In stage 1–2 of concussion, the power spectra of alpha, beta, and theta frequency bands were decreased by 25%, 37% and 10%, respectively. The delta spectrum alone was increased by 15%. Stage 3–4 of concussion was characterized by more profound depression of the power spectra of alpha, beta, theta and delta frequency bands (56%, 49%, 34% and 31%, respectively). EEG depression occurred immediately, reached a peak at 5 min and recovered at an average of 2 h in the concussed rats. In 5 rats, which did not recover completely, post-mortem examination revealed cerebral contusion or intracranial hematomas. These rats were not included in the analysis of ‘concussion’. The EEG changes suggest the involvement of the cerebral cortex in the traumatic unconsciousness of concussion and are similar to those of spreading depression, as noted by previous investigators.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="fr"><p>Résumé: Le phénomène de concussion a été étudié sur 32 rats Sprague-Dawley mâles non-anesthésiés préalablement implantés d'électrodes épidurales chroniques pour enregistrement bipolaire de l'électroencéphalogramme. Les tracés EEG ont été enregistrés en continu avant, pendant et après concussion produite par une fléchette dont le bout est plombé, tirée à partir d'un pistolet à ressort. La masse et la vitesse de l'instrument de frappe ont été mesurées de telle sorte que sa force d'impulsion et son énergie cynétique puissent être calculées. L'analyse spectrale de l'EEG a été réalisée au moyen d'un ordinateur, à l'aide de la transformée rapide de Fourier. Dans le stade 1–2 de la concussion, les spectres de puissance des bandes de fréquence alpha, bêta et thêta sont diminuées de 25%, 37% et 10%, respectivement. Le spectre delta seul est augmenté de 15%. Le stade 3–4 de la concussion est caractérisé par une dépression plus profonde du spectre de puissance des bandes de fréquence alpha, bêta, thêta et delta (56%), 49%, 34% et 31%, respectivement). La dépression du tracé survient immédiatement, atteignant son maximum au bout de 5 min et récupérant en 2 h en moyenne chez les rats soumis à concussion. Chez 15 rats, qui n'ont pas complètement récupéré, l'examen postmortem révèle une contusion cérébrale ou des hématomes intra-crâniens. Ces rats n'ont pas été inclus dans l'analyse de la ‘concussion’. Les modifications EEG suggèrent l'implication du cortex cérébral dans la perte de conscience traumatique liée à la concussion, et sont semblables à ceux de la ‘spreading depression’ antérieurement notée par d'autres chercheurs.</p></abstract></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1982">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api-v5.istex.fr/document/082B2F935F17BC69A4ADD67CF5653F9A64B3B088/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla"><item-info><jid>EEG</jid><aid>82900232</aid><ce:pii>0013-4694(82)90023-2</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/0013-4694(82)90023-2</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="unknown" year="1982"></ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:article-footnote><ce:label>☆</ce:label><ce:note-para>This research was supported by the Medical Research Council of Canada.</ce:note-para></ce:article-footnote><ce:title>Spectral analysis of the electroencephalographic response to experimental concussion in the rat</ce:title><ce:alt-title xml:lang="fr">Analyse spectrale de la réponse électroencéphalographique à la concussion expérimentale du rat</ce:alt-title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>M</ce:given-name><ce:surname>West</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>∗</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2"><ce:sup>∗∗</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="FN1"><ce:sup>†</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="FN1"><ce:sup>‡</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>D</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Parkinson</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2"><ce:sup>∗∗</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="FN1"><ce:sup>†</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>V</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Havlicek</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>∗</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="FN1"><ce:sup>†</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:affiliation id="AFF1"><ce:label>∗</ce:label><ce:textfn>Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3 Canada</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF2"><ce:label>∗∗</ce:label><ce:textfn>Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3, Canada</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:footnote id="FN1"><ce:label>†</ce:label><ce:note-para>We thank Dr. John Taylor for his assistance in the preparation of specimens for pathological examination and Dr. Allan Wright whose expertise in physics and computer programming was invaluable.</ce:note-para></ce:footnote></ce:author-group><ce:date-accepted day="13" month="10" year="1981"></ce:date-accepted><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>The phenomenon of concussion was studied in 32 non-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley male rats, previously implanted with chronic epidural electrodes for bipolar recording of the electroencephalogram (EEG). EEG records were taken continuously preceding, during and following concussion, which was produced by a lead-tipped dart, shot from a spring-loaded pistol. The mass and velocity of the striking instrument were measured, so the striking instrument were measured, so that its momentum and kinetic energy could be calculated. Spectral analysis of the EEG was performed by means of computer, using Fast Fourier Transform. In stage 1–2 of concussion, the power spectra of alpha, beta, and theta frequency bands were decreased by 25%, 37% and 10%, respectively. The delta spectrum alone was increased by 15%. Stage 3–4 of concussion was characterized by more profound depression of the power spectra of alpha, beta, theta and delta frequency bands (56%, 49%, 34% and 31%, respectively). EEG depression occurred immediately, reached a peak at 5 min and recovered at an average of 2 h in the concussed rats. In 5 rats, which did not recover completely, post-mortem examination revealed cerebral contusion or intracranial hematomas. These rats were not included in the analysis of ‘concussion’. The EEG changes suggest the involvement of the cerebral cortex in the traumatic unconsciousness of concussion and are similar to those of spreading depression, as noted by previous investigators.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:abstract xml:lang="fr"><ce:section-title>Résumé</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>Le phénomène de concussion a été étudié sur 32 rats Sprague-Dawley mâles non-anesthésiés préalablement implantés d'électrodes épidurales chroniques pour enregistrement bipolaire de l'électroencéphalogramme. Les tracés EEG ont été enregistrés en continu avant, pendant et après concussion produite par une fléchette dont le bout est plombé, tirée à partir d'un pistolet à ressort. La masse et la vitesse de l'instrument de frappe ont été mesurées de telle sorte que sa force d'impulsion et son énergie cynétique puissent être calculées. L'analyse spectrale de l'EEG a été réalisée au moyen d'un ordinateur, à l'aide de la transformée rapide de Fourier. Dans le stade 1–2 de la concussion, les spectres de puissance des bandes de fréquence alpha, bêta et thêta sont diminuées de 25%, 37% et 10%, respectivement. Le spectre delta seul est augmenté de 15%. Le stade 3–4 de la concussion est caractérisé par une dépression plus profonde du spectre de puissance des bandes de fréquence alpha, bêta, thêta et delta (56%), 49%, 34% et 31%, respectivement). La dépression du tracé survient immédiatement, atteignant son maximum au bout de 5 min et récupérant en 2 h en moyenne chez les rats soumis à concussion. Chez 15 rats, qui n'ont pas complètement récupéré, l'examen postmortem révèle une contusion cérébrale ou des hématomes intra-crâniens. Ces rats n'ont pas été inclus dans l'analyse de la ‘concussion’. Les modifications EEG suggèrent l'implication du cortex cérébral dans la perte de conscience traumatique liée à la concussion, et sont semblables à ceux de la ‘spreading depression’ antérieurement notée par d'autres chercheurs.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>Spectral analysis of the electroencephalographic response to experimental concussion in the rat</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Spectral analysis of the electroencephalographic response to experimental concussion in the rat</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="translated" lang="fr"><title>Analyse spectrale de la réponse électroencéphalographique à la concussion expérimentale du rat</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M</namePart><namePart type="family">West</namePart><affiliation>Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3 Canada</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>† We thank Dr. John Taylor for his assistance in the preparation of specimens for pathological examination and Dr. Allan Wright whose expertise in physics and computer programming was invaluable.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D</namePart><namePart type="family">Parkinson</namePart><affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>† We thank Dr. John Taylor for his assistance in the preparation of specimens for pathological examination and Dr. Allan Wright whose expertise in physics and computer programming was invaluable.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">V</namePart><namePart type="family">Havlicek</namePart><affiliation>Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3 Canada</affiliation><affiliation>† We thank Dr. John Taylor for his assistance in the preparation of specimens for pathological examination and Dr. Allan Wright whose expertise in physics and computer programming was invaluable.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1982</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1982</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">The phenomenon of concussion was studied in 32 non-anesthetized Sprague-Dawley male rats, previously implanted with chronic epidural electrodes for bipolar recording of the electroencephalogram (EEG). EEG records were taken continuously preceding, during and following concussion, which was produced by a lead-tipped dart, shot from a spring-loaded pistol. The mass and velocity of the striking instrument were measured, so the striking instrument were measured, so that its momentum and kinetic energy could be calculated. Spectral analysis of the EEG was performed by means of computer, using Fast Fourier Transform. In stage 1–2 of concussion, the power spectra of alpha, beta, and theta frequency bands were decreased by 25%, 37% and 10%, respectively. The delta spectrum alone was increased by 15%. Stage 3–4 of concussion was characterized by more profound depression of the power spectra of alpha, beta, theta and delta frequency bands (56%, 49%, 34% and 31%, respectively). EEG depression occurred immediately, reached a peak at 5 min and recovered at an average of 2 h in the concussed rats. In 5 rats, which did not recover completely, post-mortem examination revealed cerebral contusion or intracranial hematomas. These rats were not included in the analysis of ‘concussion’. The EEG changes suggest the involvement of the cerebral cortex in the traumatic unconsciousness of concussion and are similar to those of spreading depression, as noted by previous investigators.</abstract><abstract lang="fr">Résumé: Le phénomène de concussion a été étudié sur 32 rats Sprague-Dawley mâles non-anesthésiés préalablement implantés d'électrodes épidurales chroniques pour enregistrement bipolaire de l'électroencéphalogramme. Les tracés EEG ont été enregistrés en continu avant, pendant et après concussion produite par une fléchette dont le bout est plombé, tirée à partir d'un pistolet à ressort. La masse et la vitesse de l'instrument de frappe ont été mesurées de telle sorte que sa force d'impulsion et son énergie cynétique puissent être calculées. L'analyse spectrale de l'EEG a été réalisée au moyen d'un ordinateur, à l'aide de la transformée rapide de Fourier. Dans le stade 1–2 de la concussion, les spectres de puissance des bandes de fréquence alpha, bêta et thêta sont diminuées de 25%, 37% et 10%, respectivement. Le spectre delta seul est augmenté de 15%. Le stade 3–4 de la concussion est caractérisé par une dépression plus profonde du spectre de puissance des bandes de fréquence alpha, bêta, thêta et delta (56%), 49%, 34% et 31%, respectivement). La dépression du tracé survient immédiatement, atteignant son maximum au bout de 5 min et récupérant en 2 h en moyenne chez les rats soumis à concussion. Chez 15 rats, qui n'ont pas complètement récupéré, l'examen postmortem révèle une contusion cérébrale ou des hématomes intra-crâniens. Ces rats n'ont pas été inclus dans l'analyse de la ‘concussion’. Les modifications EEG suggèrent l'implication du cortex cérébral dans la perte de conscience traumatique liée à la concussion, et sont semblables à ceux de la ‘spreading depression’ antérieurement notée par d'autres chercheurs.</abstract><note>This research was supported by the Medical Research Council of Canada.</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>EEG</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">198202</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0013-4694</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0013-4694(00)X0057-0</identifier><part><date>198202</date><detail type="volume"><number>53</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>2</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>P5</start><end>P18</end></extent><extent unit="issue pages"><start>125</start><end>242</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>192</start><end>200</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">082B2F935F17BC69A4ADD67CF5653F9A64B3B088</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/0013-4694(82)90023-2</identifier><identifier type="PII">0013-4694(82)90023-2</identifier><recordInfo><recordContentSource>ELSEVIER</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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