Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus and impulsivity: Release your horses
Identifieur interne : 000433 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000432; suivant : 000434Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus and impulsivity: Release your horses
Auteurs : Benedicte Ballanger ; Thilo Van Eimeren ; Elena Moro ; Andres M. Lozano ; Clement Hamani ; Philippe Boulinguez ; Giovanna Pellecchia ; Sylvain Houle ; Yu Yan Poon ; Anthony E. Lang ; Antonio P. StrafellaSource :
- Annals of Neurology [ 0364-5134 ] ; 2009-12.
Abstract
In Parkinson disease (PD) patients, deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) may contribute to certain impulsive behavior during high‐conflict decisions. A neurocomputational model of the basal ganglia has recently been proposed that suggests this behavioral aspect may be related to the role played by the STN in relaying a “hold your horses” signal intended to allow more time to settle on the best option. The aim of the present study was 2‐fold: 1) to extend these observations by providing evidence that the STN may influence and prevent the execution of any response even during low‐conflict decisions; and 2) to identify the neural correlates of this effect.
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DOI: 10.1002/ana.21795
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Strafella</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour–Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>PET Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Toronto Western Hospital & Institute, UHN, CAMH‐PET Imaging Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Annals of Neurology</title><title level="j" type="sub">Official Journal of the American Neurological Association and the Child Neurology Society</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Ann Neurol.</title><idno type="ISSN">0364-5134</idno><idno type="eISSN">1531-8249</idno><imprint><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2009-12">2009-12</date><biblScope unit="volume">66</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="817">817</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="824">824</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0364-5134</idno></series><idno type="istex">AB7C332B7502633DABAFE6533BC4527DC0142038</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/ana.21795</idno><idno type="ArticleID">ANA21795</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0364-5134</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">In Parkinson disease (PD) patients, deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) may contribute to certain impulsive behavior during high‐conflict decisions. A neurocomputational model of the basal ganglia has recently been proposed that suggests this behavioral aspect may be related to the role played by the STN in relaying a “hold your horses” signal intended to allow more time to settle on the best option. The aim of the present study was 2‐fold: 1) to extend these observations by providing evidence that the STN may influence and prevent the execution of any response even during low‐conflict decisions; and 2) to identify the neural correlates of this effect.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Benedicte Ballanger PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour–Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</json:string><json:string>PET Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Thilo van Eimeren MD</name><affiliations><json:string>Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour–Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</json:string><json:string>PET Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Elena Moro MD, PhD</name><affiliations><json:string>Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Andres M. 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uri="https://api-v5.istex.fr/document/AB7C332B7502633DABAFE6533BC4527DC0142038/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus and impulsivity: Release your horses</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><availability><p>Copyright © 2009 American Neurological Association</p></availability><date>2009</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content">*Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report.</note><note>Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) - No. MOP‐64423;</note><note>CIHR New Investigator Research Award</note><note>Canada Research Chair (tier 1) in Neuroscience</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus and impulsivity: Release your horses</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Benedicte</forename><surname>Ballanger</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">PhD</roleName><affiliation>Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour–Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>PET Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Thilo</forename><surname>van Eimeren</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName><affiliation>Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour–Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>PET Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Elena</forename><surname>Moro</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName><affiliation>Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Andres M.</forename><surname>Lozano</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName><affiliation>Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour–Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">Clement</forename><surname>Hamani</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName><affiliation>Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour–Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-6"><persName><forename type="first">Philippe</forename><surname>Boulinguez</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">PhD</roleName><affiliation>Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-7"><persName><forename type="first">Giovanna</forename><surname>Pellecchia</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">PhD</roleName><affiliation>PET Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-8"><persName><forename type="first">Sylvain</forename><surname>Houle</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName><affiliation>PET Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-9"><persName><forename type="first">Yu Yan</forename><surname>Poon</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">RN</roleName><affiliation>Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-10"><persName><forename type="first">Anthony E.</forename><surname>Lang</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD</roleName><affiliation>Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour–Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-11"><persName><forename type="first">Antonio P.</forename><surname>Strafella</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">MD, PhD</roleName><affiliation>Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour–Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>PET Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>Toronto Western Hospital & Institute, UHN, CAMH‐PET Imaging Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Annals of Neurology</title><title level="j" type="sub">Official Journal of the American Neurological Association and the Child Neurology Society</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Ann Neurol.</title><idno type="pISSN">0364-5134</idno><idno type="eISSN">1531-8249</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8249</idno><imprint><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2009-12"></date><biblScope unit="volume">66</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="817">817</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="824">824</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">AB7C332B7502633DABAFE6533BC4527DC0142038</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/ana.21795</idno><idno type="ArticleID">ANA21795</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2009</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>In Parkinson disease (PD) patients, deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) may contribute to certain impulsive behavior during high‐conflict decisions. A neurocomputational model of the basal ganglia has recently been proposed that suggests this behavioral aspect may be related to the role played by the STN in relaying a “hold your horses” signal intended to allow more time to settle on the best option. The aim of the present study was 2‐fold: 1) to extend these observations by providing evidence that the STN may influence and prevent the execution of any response even during low‐conflict decisions; and 2) to identify the neural correlates of this effect.</p></abstract><abstract><p>We measured regional cerebral blood flow during a Go/NoGo and a control (Go) task to study the motor improvement and response inhibition deficits associated with STN‐DBS in patients with PD.</p></abstract><abstract><p>Although it improved Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale motor ratings and induced a global decrease in reaction time during task performance, STN‐DBS impaired response inhibition, as revealed by an increase in commission errors in NoGo trials. These behavioral effects were accompanied by changes in synaptic activity consisting of a reduced activation in the cortical networks responsible for reactive and proactive response inhibition.</p></abstract><abstract><p>The present results suggest that although it improves motor functions in PD patients, modulation of STN hyperactivity with DBS may tend at the same time to favor the appearance of impulsive behavior by acting on the gating mechanism involved in response initiation. 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registered="yes">10.1002/ana.21795</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="ANA21795"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="8"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Original Article</title><title type="tocHeading1">Original Articles</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="thirdParty">Copyright © 2009 American Neurological Association</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptReceived" date="2009-01-19"></event><event type="manuscriptRevised" date="2009-05-28"></event><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2009-06-22"></event><event type="publishedOnlineAccepted" date="2009-07-02"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2009-07-02"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2009-12-23"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:JWSART34_TO_WML3G version:2.3.1 mode:FullText source:FullText result:FullText" date="2010-02-23"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-03"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-14"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">817</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">824</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Toronto Western Hospital & Institute, UHN, CAMH‐PET Imaging Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada</correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:ANA.ANA21795.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="3"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="3"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="49"></count><count type="wordTotal" number="5916"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus and impulsivity: Release your horses<link href="#fn1"></link></title><title type="short" xml:lang="en">Impulsivity in Parkinson Disease</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="au1" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1 #af2"><personName><givenNames>Benedicte</givenNames><familyName>Ballanger</familyName><degrees>PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1 #af2"><personName><givenNames>Thilo</givenNames><familyName>van Eimeren</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af3"><personName><givenNames>Elena</givenNames><familyName>Moro</familyName><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1 #af4"><personName><givenNames>Andres M.</givenNames><familyName>Lozano</familyName><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au5" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1 #af4"><personName><givenNames>Clement</givenNames><familyName>Hamani</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au6" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af5"><personName><givenNames>Philippe</givenNames><familyName>Boulinguez</familyName><degrees>PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au7" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>Giovanna</givenNames><familyName>Pellecchia</familyName><degrees>PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au8" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2"><personName><givenNames>Sylvain</givenNames><familyName>Houle</familyName><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au9" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af3"><personName><givenNames>Yu Yan</givenNames><familyName>Poon</familyName><degrees>RN</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au10" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1 #af3"><personName><givenNames>Anthony E.</givenNames><familyName>Lang</familyName><degrees>MD</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au11" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1 #af2 #af3" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>Antonio P.</givenNames><familyName>Strafella</familyName><degrees>MD, PhD</degrees></personName><contactDetails><email>antonio.strafella@uhnres.utoronto.ca or antonio.strafella@camhpet.ca</email></contactDetails></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="CA" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour–Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af2" countryCode="CA" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>PET Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af3" countryCode="CA" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af4" countryCode="CA" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af5" countryCode="FR" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)</fundingAgency><fundingNumber>MOP‐64423</fundingNumber></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>CIHR New Investigator Research Award</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Canada Research Chair (tier 1) in Neuroscience</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><section xml:id="abs1-1"><title type="main">Objective</title><p>In Parkinson disease (PD) patients, deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) may contribute to certain impulsive behavior during high‐conflict decisions. A neurocomputational model of the basal ganglia has recently been proposed that suggests this behavioral aspect may be related to the role played by the STN in relaying a “hold your horses” signal intended to allow more time to settle on the best option. The aim of the present study was 2‐fold: 1) to extend these observations by providing evidence that the STN may influence and prevent the execution of any response even during low‐conflict decisions; and 2) to identify the neural correlates of this effect.</p></section><section xml:id="abs1-2"><title type="main">Methods</title><p>We measured regional cerebral blood flow during a Go/NoGo and a control (Go) task to study the motor improvement and response inhibition deficits associated with STN‐DBS in patients with PD.</p></section><section xml:id="abs1-3"><title type="main">Results</title><p>Although it improved Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale motor ratings and induced a global decrease in reaction time during task performance, STN‐DBS impaired response inhibition, as revealed by an increase in commission errors in NoGo trials. These behavioral effects were accompanied by changes in synaptic activity consisting of a reduced activation in the cortical networks responsible for reactive and proactive response inhibition.</p></section><section xml:id="abs1-4"><title type="main">Interpretation</title><p>The present results suggest that although it improves motor functions in PD patients, modulation of STN hyperactivity with DBS may tend at the same time to favor the appearance of impulsive behavior by acting on the gating mechanism involved in response initiation. Ann Neurol 2009;66:817–824</p></section></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fn1"><p>Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report.</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus and impulsivity: Release your horses</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Impulsivity in Parkinson Disease</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus and impulsivity: Release your horses</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Benedicte</namePart><namePart type="family">Ballanger</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">PhD</namePart><affiliation>Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour–Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>PET Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Thilo</namePart><namePart type="family">van Eimeren</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour–Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>PET Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Elena</namePart><namePart type="family">Moro</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Andres M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lozano</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour–Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Clement</namePart><namePart type="family">Hamani</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour–Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Philippe</namePart><namePart type="family">Boulinguez</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">PhD</namePart><affiliation>Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Giovanna</namePart><namePart type="family">Pellecchia</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">PhD</namePart><affiliation>PET Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Sylvain</namePart><namePart type="family">Houle</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>PET Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yu Yan</namePart><namePart type="family">Poon</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">RN</namePart><affiliation>Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Anthony E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lang</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD</namePart><affiliation>Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour–Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Antonio P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Strafella</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">MD, PhD</namePart><affiliation>Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour–Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>PET Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>Movement Disorders Center, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>Toronto Western Hospital & Institute, UHN, CAMH‐PET Imaging Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Hoboken</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2009-12</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2009-01-19</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2009-06-22</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2009</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">3</extent><extent unit="tables">3</extent><extent unit="references">49</extent><extent unit="words">5916</extent></physicalDescription><abstract>In Parkinson disease (PD) patients, deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) may contribute to certain impulsive behavior during high‐conflict decisions. A neurocomputational model of the basal ganglia has recently been proposed that suggests this behavioral aspect may be related to the role played by the STN in relaying a “hold your horses” signal intended to allow more time to settle on the best option. The aim of the present study was 2‐fold: 1) to extend these observations by providing evidence that the STN may influence and prevent the execution of any response even during low‐conflict decisions; and 2) to identify the neural correlates of this effect.</abstract><abstract>We measured regional cerebral blood flow during a Go/NoGo and a control (Go) task to study the motor improvement and response inhibition deficits associated with STN‐DBS in patients with PD.</abstract><abstract>Although it improved Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale motor ratings and induced a global decrease in reaction time during task performance, STN‐DBS impaired response inhibition, as revealed by an increase in commission errors in NoGo trials. These behavioral effects were accompanied by changes in synaptic activity consisting of a reduced activation in the cortical networks responsible for reactive and proactive response inhibition.</abstract><abstract>The present results suggest that although it improves motor functions in PD patients, modulation of STN hyperactivity with DBS may tend at the same time to favor the appearance of impulsive behavior by acting on the gating mechanism involved in response initiation. Ann Neurol 2009;66:817–824</abstract><note type="content">*Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report.</note><note type="funding">Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) - No. MOP‐64423; </note><note type="funding">CIHR New Investigator Research Award</note><note type="funding">Canada Research Chair (tier 1) in Neuroscience</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Annals of Neurology</title><subTitle>Official Journal of the American Neurological Association and the Child Neurology Society</subTitle></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Ann Neurol.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Original Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0364-5134</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1531-8249</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1531-8249</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">ANA</identifier><part><date>2009</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>66</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>6</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>817</start><end>824</end><total>8</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">AB7C332B7502633DABAFE6533BC4527DC0142038</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/ana.21795</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">ANA21795</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2009 American Neurological Association</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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