The effect of inhalation of Citrus sinensis flowers and Mentha spicata leave essential oils on lung function and exercise performance: a quasi-experimental uncontrolled before-and-after study
Identifieur interne : 000683 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000682; suivant : 000684The effect of inhalation of Citrus sinensis flowers and Mentha spicata leave essential oils on lung function and exercise performance: a quasi-experimental uncontrolled before-and-after study
Auteurs : Nidal Amin Jaradat ; Hamzeh Al Zabadi ; Belal Rahhal ; Azmi Mahmoud Ali Hussein ; Jamal Shaker Mahmoud ; Basel Mansour ; Ahmad Ibrahim Khasati ; Abdelkhaleq IssaSource :
- Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition [ 1550-2783 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increased interest in the effects of essential oils on athletic performances and other physiological effects. This study aimed to assess the effects of
Twenty physical education students volunteered to participate in the study. The subjects were randomly assigned into two groups:
A lung function tests showed an improvement on the lung status for the students after inhaling of the oils. Interestingly, there was a significant increase in Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second and Forced Vital Capacity after inhalation for the both oils. Moreover significant reductions in the means of the running time were observed among these two groups. The normal spirometry results were 50 %, while after inhalation with
Our findings support the effectiveness of
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s12970-016-0146-7
PubMed: 27688737
PubMed Central: 5034497
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Nidal Amin Jaradat<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Palestine</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Public Health Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Palestine</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Palestine</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Palestine</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Faculty of Physical Education, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Palestine</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Faculty of Law, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Palestine</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Department of Chemistry, Arab American University of Jenin, Jenin, Palestine</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Palestine</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Faculty of Humanities, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Palestine</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The effect of inhalation of <italic>Citrus sinensis</italic>
flowers and <italic>Mentha spicata</italic>
leave essential oils on lung function and exercise performance: a quasi-experimental uncontrolled before-and-after study</title>
<author><name sortKey="Jaradat, Nidal Amin" sort="Jaradat, Nidal Amin" uniqKey="Jaradat N" first="Nidal Amin" last="Jaradat">Nidal Amin Jaradat</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Al Zabadi, Hamzeh" sort="Al Zabadi, Hamzeh" uniqKey="Al Zabadi H" first="Hamzeh" last="Al Zabadi">Hamzeh Al Zabadi</name>
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<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Palestine</wicri:noCountry>
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<author><name sortKey="Hussein, Azmi Mahmoud Ali" sort="Hussein, Azmi Mahmoud Ali" uniqKey="Hussein A" first="Azmi Mahmoud Ali" last="Hussein">Azmi Mahmoud Ali Hussein</name>
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<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Palestine</wicri:noCountry>
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<author><name sortKey="Mahmoud, Jamal Shaker" sort="Mahmoud, Jamal Shaker" uniqKey="Mahmoud J" first="Jamal Shaker" last="Mahmoud">Jamal Shaker Mahmoud</name>
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<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Palestine</wicri:noCountry>
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<author><name sortKey="Mansour, Basel" sort="Mansour, Basel" uniqKey="Mansour B" first="Basel" last="Mansour">Basel Mansour</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Faculty of Law, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Palestine</wicri:noCountry>
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<author><name sortKey="Khasati, Ahmad Ibrahim" sort="Khasati, Ahmad Ibrahim" uniqKey="Khasati A" first="Ahmad Ibrahim" last="Khasati">Ahmad Ibrahim Khasati</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Department of Chemistry, Arab American University of Jenin, Jenin, Palestine</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Palestine</wicri:noCountry>
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<author><name sortKey="Issa, Abdelkhaleq" sort="Issa, Abdelkhaleq" uniqKey="Issa A" first="Abdelkhaleq" last="Issa">Abdelkhaleq Issa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Faculty of Humanities, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Palestine</wicri:noCountry>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The effect of inhalation of <italic>Citrus sinensis</italic>
flowers and <italic>Mentha spicata</italic>
leave essential oils on lung function and exercise performance: a quasi-experimental uncontrolled before-and-after study</title>
<author><name sortKey="Jaradat, Nidal Amin" sort="Jaradat, Nidal Amin" uniqKey="Jaradat N" first="Nidal Amin" last="Jaradat">Nidal Amin Jaradat</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Palestine</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Zabadi, Hamzeh" sort="Al Zabadi, Hamzeh" uniqKey="Al Zabadi H" first="Hamzeh" last="Al Zabadi">Hamzeh Al Zabadi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Public Health Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Palestine</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rahhal, Belal" sort="Rahhal, Belal" uniqKey="Rahhal B" first="Belal" last="Rahhal">Belal Rahhal</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Palestine</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hussein, Azmi Mahmoud Ali" sort="Hussein, Azmi Mahmoud Ali" uniqKey="Hussein A" first="Azmi Mahmoud Ali" last="Hussein">Azmi Mahmoud Ali Hussein</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Palestine</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mahmoud, Jamal Shaker" sort="Mahmoud, Jamal Shaker" uniqKey="Mahmoud J" first="Jamal Shaker" last="Mahmoud">Jamal Shaker Mahmoud</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Faculty of Physical Education, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Palestine</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mansour, Basel" sort="Mansour, Basel" uniqKey="Mansour B" first="Basel" last="Mansour">Basel Mansour</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Faculty of Law, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Palestine</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khasati, Ahmad Ibrahim" sort="Khasati, Ahmad Ibrahim" uniqKey="Khasati A" first="Ahmad Ibrahim" last="Khasati">Ahmad Ibrahim Khasati</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Department of Chemistry, Arab American University of Jenin, Jenin, Palestine</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Palestine</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Issa, Abdelkhaleq" sort="Issa, Abdelkhaleq" uniqKey="Issa A" first="Abdelkhaleq" last="Issa">Abdelkhaleq Issa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Faculty of Humanities, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Palestine</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1550-2783</idno>
<imprint><date when="2016">2016</date>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>Recently, there has been an increased interest in the effects of essential oils on athletic performances and other physiological effects. This study aimed to assess the effects of <italic>Citrus sinensis</italic>
flower and <italic>Mentha spicata</italic>
leaves essential oils inhalation in two different groups of athlete male students on their exercise performance and lung function.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>Twenty physical education students volunteered to participate in the study. The subjects were randomly assigned into two groups: <italic>Mentha spicata</italic>
and <italic>Citrus sinensis</italic>
(ten participants each). One group was nebulized by <italic>Citrus sinensis</italic>
flower oil and the other by <italic>Mentha spicata</italic>
leaves oil in a concentration of (0.02 ml/kg of body mass) which was mixed with 2 ml of normal saline for 5 min before a 1500 m running tests. Lung function tests were measured using a spirometer for each student pre and post nebulization giving the same running distance pre and post oils inhalation.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>A lung function tests showed an improvement on the lung status for the students after inhaling of the oils. Interestingly, there was a significant increase in Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second and Forced Vital Capacity after inhalation for the both oils. Moreover significant reductions in the means of the running time were observed among these two groups. The normal spirometry results were 50 %, while after inhalation with <italic>M. spicata</italic>
oil the ratio were 60 %.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Our findings support the effectiveness of <italic>M. spicata</italic>
and <italic>C. sinensis</italic>
essential oils on the exercise performance and respiratory function parameters. However, our conclusion and generalisability of our results should be interpreted with caution due to small sample size and lack of control groups, randomization or masking. We recommend further investigations to explain the mechanism of actions for these two essential oils on exercise performance and respiratory parameters.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Trial registration</title>
<p><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN10133422">ISRCTN10133422</ext-link>
, Registered: May 3, 2016.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Int Soc Sports Nutr</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Int Soc Sports Nutr</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1550-2783</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27688737</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5034497</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">146</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/s12970-016-0146-7</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>The effect of inhalation of <italic>Citrus sinensis</italic>
flowers and <italic>Mentha spicata</italic>
leave essential oils on lung function and exercise performance: a quasi-experimental uncontrolled before-and-after study</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Jaradat</surname>
<given-names>Nidal Amin</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>nidaljaradat@najah.edu</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Al Zabadi</surname>
<given-names>Hamzeh</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rahhal</surname>
<given-names>Belal</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hussein</surname>
<given-names>Azmi Mahmoud Ali</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mahmoud</surname>
<given-names>Jamal Shaker</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mansour</surname>
<given-names>Basel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Khasati</surname>
<given-names>Ahmad Ibrahim</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff6">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Issa</surname>
<given-names>Abdelkhaleq</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff7">7</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="Aff1"><label>1</label>
Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine</aff>
<aff id="Aff2"><label>2</label>
Public Health Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine</aff>
<aff id="Aff3"><label>3</label>
Physiology, Pharmacology and Toxicology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine</aff>
<aff id="Aff4"><label>4</label>
Faculty of Physical Education, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine</aff>
<aff id="Aff5"><label>5</label>
Faculty of Law, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine</aff>
<aff id="Aff6"><label>6</label>
Department of Chemistry, Arab American University of Jenin, Jenin, Palestine</aff>
<aff id="Aff7"><label>7</label>
Faculty of Humanities, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, Palestine</aff>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>22</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>13</volume>
<elocation-id>36</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>26</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2016</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>24</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2016</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author(s). 2016</copyright-statement>
<license license-type="OpenAccess"><license-p><bold>Open Access</bold>
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>
), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</ext-link>
) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract id="Abs1"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>Recently, there has been an increased interest in the effects of essential oils on athletic performances and other physiological effects. This study aimed to assess the effects of <italic>Citrus sinensis</italic>
flower and <italic>Mentha spicata</italic>
leaves essential oils inhalation in two different groups of athlete male students on their exercise performance and lung function.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>Twenty physical education students volunteered to participate in the study. The subjects were randomly assigned into two groups: <italic>Mentha spicata</italic>
and <italic>Citrus sinensis</italic>
(ten participants each). One group was nebulized by <italic>Citrus sinensis</italic>
flower oil and the other by <italic>Mentha spicata</italic>
leaves oil in a concentration of (0.02 ml/kg of body mass) which was mixed with 2 ml of normal saline for 5 min before a 1500 m running tests. Lung function tests were measured using a spirometer for each student pre and post nebulization giving the same running distance pre and post oils inhalation.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>A lung function tests showed an improvement on the lung status for the students after inhaling of the oils. Interestingly, there was a significant increase in Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second and Forced Vital Capacity after inhalation for the both oils. Moreover significant reductions in the means of the running time were observed among these two groups. The normal spirometry results were 50 %, while after inhalation with <italic>M. spicata</italic>
oil the ratio were 60 %.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Our findings support the effectiveness of <italic>M. spicata</italic>
and <italic>C. sinensis</italic>
essential oils on the exercise performance and respiratory function parameters. However, our conclusion and generalisability of our results should be interpreted with caution due to small sample size and lack of control groups, randomization or masking. We recommend further investigations to explain the mechanism of actions for these two essential oils on exercise performance and respiratory parameters.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Trial registration</title>
<p><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN10133422">ISRCTN10133422</ext-link>
, Registered: May 3, 2016.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title>
<kwd><italic>Citrus sinensis</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd><italic>Mentha spicata</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd>Essential oil</kwd>
<kwd>Lung function</kwd>
<kwd>Athletic performance</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name>
<meta-value>© The Author(s) 2016</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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