Activity of R(+) Limonene Against Anisakis Larvae
Identifieur interne : 001001 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 001000; suivant : 001002Activity of R(+) Limonene Against Anisakis Larvae
Auteurs : Filippo Giarratana ; Daniele Muscolino ; Felice Panebianco ; Andrea Patania ; Chiara Benianti ; Graziella Ziino ; Alessandro GiuffridaSource :
- Italian Journal of Food Safety [ 2239-7132 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
The aim of this work is to evaluate the activity of R(+) limonene of against
Url:
DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2015.5499
PubMed: 27800423
PubMed Central: 5076689
Links to Exploration step
PMC:5076689Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Activity of R(+) Limonene Against <italic>Anisakis</italic> Larvae</title><author><name sortKey="Giarratana, Filippo" sort="Giarratana, Filippo" uniqKey="Giarratana F" first="Filippo" last="Giarratana">Filippo Giarratana</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muscolino, Daniele" sort="Muscolino, Daniele" uniqKey="Muscolino D" first="Daniele" last="Muscolino">Daniele Muscolino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Panebianco, Felice" sort="Panebianco, Felice" uniqKey="Panebianco F" first="Felice" last="Panebianco">Felice Panebianco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Patania, Andrea" sort="Patania, Andrea" uniqKey="Patania A" first="Andrea" last="Patania">Andrea Patania</name></author><author><name sortKey="Benianti, Chiara" sort="Benianti, Chiara" uniqKey="Benianti C" first="Chiara" last="Benianti">Chiara Benianti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ziino, Graziella" sort="Ziino, Graziella" uniqKey="Ziino G" first="Graziella" last="Ziino">Graziella Ziino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Giuffrida, Alessandro" sort="Giuffrida, Alessandro" uniqKey="Giuffrida A" first="Alessandro" last="Giuffrida">Alessandro Giuffrida</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27800423</idno><idno type="pmc">5076689</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5076689</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5076689</idno><idno type="doi">10.4081/ijfs.2015.5499</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001001</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Activity of R(+) Limonene Against <italic>Anisakis</italic> Larvae</title><author><name sortKey="Giarratana, Filippo" sort="Giarratana, Filippo" uniqKey="Giarratana F" first="Filippo" last="Giarratana">Filippo Giarratana</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muscolino, Daniele" sort="Muscolino, Daniele" uniqKey="Muscolino D" first="Daniele" last="Muscolino">Daniele Muscolino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Panebianco, Felice" sort="Panebianco, Felice" uniqKey="Panebianco F" first="Felice" last="Panebianco">Felice Panebianco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Patania, Andrea" sort="Patania, Andrea" uniqKey="Patania A" first="Andrea" last="Patania">Andrea Patania</name></author><author><name sortKey="Benianti, Chiara" sort="Benianti, Chiara" uniqKey="Benianti C" first="Chiara" last="Benianti">Chiara Benianti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ziino, Graziella" sort="Ziino, Graziella" uniqKey="Ziino G" first="Graziella" last="Ziino">Graziella Ziino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Giuffrida, Alessandro" sort="Giuffrida, Alessandro" uniqKey="Giuffrida A" first="Alessandro" last="Giuffrida">Alessandro Giuffrida</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Italian Journal of Food Safety</title><idno type="eISSN">2239-7132</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this work is to evaluate the activity of R(+) limonene of against <italic>Anisakidae</italic> larvae. Its effectiveness was tested <italic>in vitro</italic>. The results obtained showed a significant activity of the compound against <italic>Anisakis</italic> larvae, suggesting further investigation on its potential use in the industrial marinating process. In this regard, the use of R(+) limonene in seafood products could be interesting, also due the sensory attributes resulting from its use and its relatively safe status.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aggarwal, Kk" uniqKey="Aggarwal K">KK Aggarwal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khanuja, Sps" uniqKey="Khanuja S">SPS Khanuja</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmad, A" uniqKey="Ahmad A">A Ahmad</name></author><author><name sortKey="Santha Kumar, Tr" uniqKey="Santha Kumar T">TR Santha Kumar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gupta, Vk" uniqKey="Gupta V">VK Gupta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, S" uniqKey="Kumar S">S Kumar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Arruda, Dc" uniqKey="Arruda D">DC Arruda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Miguel, Dc" uniqKey="Miguel D">DC Miguel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yokoyama Yasunaka, Jku" uniqKey="Yokoyama Yasunaka J">JKU Yokoyama-Yasunaka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Katzin, Am" uniqKey="Katzin A">AM Katzin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Uliana, Srb" uniqKey="Uliana S">SRB Uliana</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Audicana, Mt" uniqKey="Audicana M">MT Audicana</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ansotegui, Ij" uniqKey="Ansotegui I">IJ Ansotegui</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Corres, Lf" uniqKey="De Corres L">LF de Corres</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kennedy, Mw" uniqKey="Kennedy M">MW Kennedy</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Audicana, Mt" uniqKey="Audicana M">MT Audicana</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kennedy, Mw" uniqKey="Kennedy M">MW Kennedy</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bakkali, F" uniqKey="Bakkali F">F Bakkali</name></author><author><name sortKey="Averbeck, S" uniqKey="Averbeck S">S Averbeck</name></author><author><name sortKey="Averbeck, D" uniqKey="Averbeck D">D Averbeck</name></author><author><name sortKey="Idaomar, M" uniqKey="Idaomar M">M Idaomar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Burt, S" uniqKey="Burt S">S Burt</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chai, J Y" uniqKey="Chai J">J-Y Chai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Darwin, Murrell K" uniqKey="Darwin M">Murrell K Darwin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lymbery, Aj" uniqKey="Lymbery A">AJ Lymbery</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Colavita, G" uniqKey="Colavita G">G Colavita</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Del Carmen Romero, M" uniqKey="Del Carmen Romero M">M del Carmen Romero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Valero, A" uniqKey="Valero A">A Valero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martin Sanchez, J" uniqKey="Martin Sanchez J">J Martín-Sánchez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Navarro Moll, Mc" uniqKey="Navarro Moll M">MC Navarro-Moll</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Espina, L" uniqKey="Espina L">L Espina</name></author><author><name sortKey="Somolinos, M" uniqKey="Somolinos M">M Somolinos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Loran, S" uniqKey="Loran S">S Lorán</name></author><author><name sortKey="Conchello, P" uniqKey="Conchello P">P Conchello</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garcia, D" uniqKey="Garcia D">D García</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pagan, R" uniqKey="Pagan R">R Pagán</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="European, Commission" uniqKey="European C">Commission European</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="European, Commission" uniqKey="European C">Commission European</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Giarratana, F" uniqKey="Giarratana F">F Giarratana</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muscolino, D" uniqKey="Muscolino D">D Muscolino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beninati, C" uniqKey="Beninati C">C Beninati</name></author><author><name sortKey="Giuffrida, A" uniqKey="Giuffrida A">A Giuffrida</name></author><author><name sortKey="Panebianco, A" uniqKey="Panebianco A">A Panebianco</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Giarratana, F" uniqKey="Giarratana F">F Giarratana</name></author><author><name sortKey="Panebianco, F" uniqKey="Panebianco F">F Panebianco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muscolino, D" uniqKey="Muscolino D">D Muscolino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beninati, C" uniqKey="Beninati C">C Beninati</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ziino, G" uniqKey="Ziino G">G Ziino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Giuffrida, A" uniqKey="Giuffrida A">A Giuffrida</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gomez Rincon, C" uniqKey="Gomez Rincon C">C Gomez-Rincon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Langa, E" uniqKey="Langa E">E Langa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Murillo, P" uniqKey="Murillo P">P Murillo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Valero, Ms" uniqKey="Valero M">MS Valero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Berzosa, C" uniqKey="Berzosa C">C Berzosa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lopez, V" uniqKey="Lopez V">V Lopez</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hierro, I" uniqKey="Hierro I">I Hierro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Valero, A" uniqKey="Valero A">A Valero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Navarro, Mc" uniqKey="Navarro M">MC Navarro</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hirasa, K" uniqKey="Hirasa K">K Hirasa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Takemasa, M" uniqKey="Takemasa M">M Takemasa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hirota, R" uniqKey="Hirota R">R Hirota</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roger, Nn" uniqKey="Roger N">NN Roger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nakamura, H" uniqKey="Nakamura H">H Nakamura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Song, H S" uniqKey="Song H">H-S Song</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sawamura, M" uniqKey="Sawamura M">M Sawamura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Suganuma, N" uniqKey="Suganuma N">N Suganuma</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kanojiya, D" uniqKey="Kanojiya D">D Kanojiya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shanker, D" uniqKey="Shanker D">D Shanker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sudan, V" uniqKey="Sudan V">V Sudan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jaiswal, Ak" uniqKey="Jaiswal A">AK Jaiswal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parashar, R" uniqKey="Parashar R">R Parashar</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lu, Xg" uniqKey="Lu X">XG Lu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhan, Lb" uniqKey="Zhan L">LB Zhan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Feng, Ba" uniqKey="Feng B">BA Feng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qu, My" uniqKey="Qu M">MY Qu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, Lh" uniqKey="Yu L">LH Yu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xie, Jh" uniqKey="Xie J">JH Xie</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Macedo, Itf" uniqKey="Macedo I">ITF Macedo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bevilaqua, Cml" uniqKey="Bevilaqua C">CML Bevilaqua</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Oliveira, Lmb" uniqKey="De Oliveira L">LMB de Oliveira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Camurca Vasconcelos, Alf" uniqKey="Camurca Vasconcelos A">ALF Camurça-Vasconcelos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vieira, Lds" uniqKey="Vieira L">LdS Vieira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oliveira, Fr" uniqKey="Oliveira F">FR Oliveira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Queiroz Junior, Em" uniqKey="Queiroz Junior E">EM Queiroz-Junior</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tome Ada, R" uniqKey="Tome Ada R">R Tomé Ada</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nascimento, Nrf" uniqKey="Nascimento N">NRF Nascimento</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Navarro, M" uniqKey="Navarro M">M Navarro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Noguera, M" uniqKey="Noguera M">M Noguera</name></author><author><name sortKey="Romero, M" uniqKey="Romero M">M Romero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Montilla, M" uniqKey="Montilla M">M Montilla</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Selgas, Jg" uniqKey="De Selgas J">JG de Selgas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Valero, A" uniqKey="Valero A">A Valero</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Romero Mdel, C" uniqKey="Romero Mdel C">C Romero Mdel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Valero, A" uniqKey="Valero A">A Valero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martin Sanchez, J" uniqKey="Martin Sanchez J">J Martin-Sanchez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Navarro Moll, Mc" uniqKey="Navarro Moll M">MC Navarro-Moll</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sun, J" uniqKey="Sun J">J Sun</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Urban, J" uniqKey="Urban J">J Urban</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tauchen, J" uniqKey="Tauchen J">J Tauchen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Langrova, I" uniqKey="Langrova I">I Langrova</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kokoska, L" uniqKey="Kokoska L">L Kokoska</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Viuda Martos, M" uniqKey="Viuda Martos M">M Viuda-Martos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ruiz Navajas, Y" uniqKey="Ruiz Navajas Y">Y Ruiz-Navajas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandez L Pez, J" uniqKey="Fernandez L Pez J">J Fernández-López</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perez Lvarez, J" uniqKey="Perez Lvarez J">J Pérez-Álvarez</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Ital J Food Saf</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Ital J Food Saf</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IJFS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Italian Journal of Food Safety</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2239-7132</issn><publisher><publisher-name>PAGEPress Publications, Pavia, Italy</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27800423</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5076689</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4081/ijfs.2015.5499</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Activity of R(+) Limonene Against <italic>Anisakis</italic> Larvae</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Giarratana</surname><given-names>Filippo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Muscolino</surname><given-names>Daniele</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Panebianco</surname><given-names>Felice</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Patania</surname><given-names>Andrea</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Benianti</surname><given-names>Chiara</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ziino</surname><given-names>Graziella</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Giuffrida</surname><given-names>Alessandro</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><aff>Department of Veterinary Sciences,<institution>University of Messina</institution>,<addr-line>Messina, Italy</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario della Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy. <phone>+39.090.3503768</phone>. <email>fgiarratana@unime.it</email></corresp><fn fn-type="COI-statement"><p>Conflict of interest: the authors declare no potential conflict of interest.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>8</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><day>02</day><month>11</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>4</issue><elocation-id>5499</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>25</day><month>4</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>23</day><month>9</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>23</day><month>9</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>©Copyright et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Licensee PAGEPress, Italy</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (<uri xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</uri>) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>The aim of this work is to evaluate the activity of R(+) limonene of against <italic>Anisakidae</italic> larvae. Its effectiveness was tested <italic>in vitro</italic>. The results obtained showed a significant activity of the compound against <italic>Anisakis</italic> larvae, suggesting further investigation on its potential use in the industrial marinating process. In this regard, the use of R(+) limonene in seafood products could be interesting, also due the sensory attributes resulting from its use and its relatively safe status.</p></abstract><kwd-group><title>Key words</title><kwd>Limonene</kwd><kwd><italic>Anisakis</italic></kwd><kwd>Natural products</kwd><kwd>Marinating process</kwd></kwd-group><counts><fig-count count="3"></fig-count><table-count count="0"></table-count><equation-count count="0"></equation-count><ref-count count="26"></ref-count><page-count count="3"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front><body><sec id="sec1-1"><title>Introduction</title><p>R(+) limonene (LMN) is the major aromatic compound in essential oils obtained from oranges, grapefruits, and lemons. It is used as a flavouring agent in perfumes, creams, soaps, household cleaning products as well as in several foods such as fruit beverages and confectionary products (Espina <italic>et al.</italic>, <xref rid="ref10" ref-type="bibr">2011</xref>). The addition of LMN as flavouring substances in foods is authorised by the Regulation EC N° 872/2012 (European Commission, <xref rid="ref12" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>). The LMN possess also antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic properties (Aggarwal <italic>et al.</italic>, <xref rid="ref1" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>; Hirota <italic>et al.</italic>, <xref rid="ref18" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>; Lu <italic>et al.</italic>, <xref rid="ref20" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>; Sun, <xref rid="ref24" ref-type="bibr">2007</xref>; Viuda-Martos <italic>et al.</italic>, <xref rid="ref26" ref-type="bibr">2008</xref>). However, it is well known that the LMN often have activity against a variety of parasites including nematodes, but its effect against food parasites such as <italic>Anisakis</italic> larvae has not yet been reported (Arruda <italic>et al.</italic>, <xref rid="ref2" ref-type="bibr">2009</xref>; Kanojiya <italic>et al.</italic>, <xref rid="ref19" ref-type="bibr">2014</xref>; Macedo <italic>et al.</italic>, <xref rid="ref21" ref-type="bibr">2010</xref>; Urban <italic>et al.</italic>, <xref rid="ref25" ref-type="bibr">2014</xref>). Anisakiosis is one of the most important fish-borne zoonotic diseases caused by parasites belonging to Anisakis and Pseudoterranova genera. As well known, the human disease is related to the consumption of raw or almost raw seafood products since several fish and cephalopods, commonly parasite hosts (Chai <italic>et al.</italic>, <xref rid="ref7" ref-type="bibr">2005</xref>). Digestive disorders in human may occur as a consequence of accidental ingestion fish products parasitized by third-stage larvae (Audicana <italic>et al.</italic>, <xref rid="ref3" ref-type="bibr">2002</xref>; Audicana and Kennedy, <xref rid="ref4" ref-type="bibr">2008</xref>). For these reasons, the European Regulation EC No 853/<xref rid="ref11" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref> (European Commission, <xref rid="ref11" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>) establishes a freezing treatment at -20°C for 24 h for fishery products <italic>to be consumed raw or almost raw</italic> as well as <italic>marinated and/or salted fishery products, if the processing is insufficient to destroy nematode larvae</italic>. Recently, several authors had demonstrated a significant action against the L3 larvae of <italic>Anisakis simplex</italic> exerted by various natural products, especially the essential oils and their components (Giarratana <italic>et al.</italic>, <xref rid="ref13" ref-type="bibr">2014</xref>, <xref rid="ref14" ref-type="bibr">2015</xref>; Gomez-Rincon <italic>et al.</italic>, <xref rid="ref15" ref-type="bibr">2014</xref>; Hierro <italic>et al.</italic>, <xref rid="ref16" ref-type="bibr">2006</xref>; Romero Mdel <italic>et al.</italic>, <xref rid="ref9" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>). In this regard, the use of LMN in seafood products could be interesting, also due the sensory attributes resulting from its use (pleasant smell and like-lemon taste) and its relatively safe status. However, the aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of LMN against <italic>Anisakis</italic> larvae and its potential use during the anchovy marinating process.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods" id="sec1-2"><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>The present study was carried out <italic>in vitro</italic> in order to assess the effectiveness of LMN against <italic>Anisakis</italic> larvae. The compound was supplied by Sigma Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Several concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1 and 5%) in three different liquid media were tested. For each test were used at least 50 <italic>Anisakis</italic> larvae sampled from 8 specimens of <italic>Lepidopus caudatus</italic> harvested within 6 hours from the sampling. Larvae were, previously, microscopically evaluated for viability and to assess that they belong to the <italic>Anisakis</italic> genus type I. Tests <italic>in vitro</italic> were done by using the following liquid media: i) a solution 1:1 (vol/vol) of distilled water and vinegar (6% acetic acid), 3% NaCl and 1% citric acid in order to reproduce the solution of marinating used by several producers (Colavita, <xref rid="ref8" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>); ii) seeds oil; iii) physiological solution (0.9% NaCl). Each liquid media was used to prepare four solutions with different LMN concentrations. The addition of LMN was made at 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 5% concentrations. Furthermore, a solution for each liquid media was prepared without the addition LMN, as control. <italic>Anisakis</italic> larvae were introduced into plate dishes with 20 ml of each solution, maintained at 20°C and checked for the viability at 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 and 48 hours. During the experimental treatments, at each fixed time interval, the viability was microscopically checked according to the criteria of Hirasa and Takemasa (<xref rid="ref17" ref-type="bibr">1998</xref>) assessing the following score: 3 (viable), 2 (reduction of mobility), 1 (mobility only after stimulation) and 0 (death). Larvae were considered dead, when no mobility was observed under stereoscopic microscope in saline solution (0.9% NaCl). The normalized mean score were then used in order to assess the inactivation rate (IR=percentage viability reduction in a minute, under fixed treatment conditions), according to Giarratana <italic>et al.</italic> (2012).</p></sec><sec id="sec1-3"><title>Results and Discussion</title><p><italic>In vitro</italic> tests revealed significant activity of LMN against <italic>Anisakis</italic> larvae. In particular in saline solution, at 5% LMN, a complete inactivation of parasites was observed after 24 hours of treatment, while after 48h at 1% and 0.5% (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig001">Figure 1</xref>). In marinating solution a complete inactivation of parasites was observed after 16 h and 24 h at 5% and 1% concentrations respectively (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig002">Figure 2</xref>).</p><p>Poor efficacy was detected for larvae treated in seeds oil, where a complete inactivation of parasites was never observed at all concentrations tested after 7 days of treatment (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig003">Figure 3</xref>).</p><p>In recent years, the nematocidal activity against <italic>Anisakis</italic> L3 of several essential oils such as <italic>Matricaria chamomilla, Thyme vulgaris</italic> and <italic>Melaleuca alternifolia</italic>, and some of its components has been demonstrated (del Carmen Romero <italic>et al.</italic>, <xref rid="ref9" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>; Giarratana <italic>et al.</italic>, <xref rid="ref13" ref-type="bibr">2014</xref>; Navarro <italic>et al.</italic>, <xref rid="ref22" ref-type="bibr">2008</xref>; Romero Mdel <italic>et al.</italic>, <xref rid="ref9" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>).</p><p>This has an interesting practical implication since marinated seafood products, where the addition of essential oils could represent, according to our results, an alternative method for the inactivation of Anisakidae larvae as well as an innovative method to prevent human anisakiasis. Moreover essential oils and their components possess a relatively safe status and potential functional and technological properties (Bakkali <italic>et al.</italic>, <xref rid="ref5" ref-type="bibr">2008</xref>; del Carmen Romero <italic>et al.</italic>, <xref rid="ref9" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>).</p><p>Microscopic analysis showed damages of the cuticle and digestive tract of parasites treated in saline and marinating solutions. These results confirm data several authors that linked the effectiveness of natural compounds to the damage caused to cuticle and digestive apparatus of the parasite (del Carmen Romero <italic>et al.</italic>, <xref rid="ref9" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>; Giarratana <italic>et al.</italic>, <xref rid="ref13" ref-type="bibr">2014</xref>). In this regard, the lipophilia of these compounds seems play an important role in the cellular damage (Bakkali <italic>et al.</italic>, <xref rid="ref5" ref-type="bibr">2008</xref>; Burt, <xref rid="ref6" ref-type="bibr">2004</xref>). Observed lesions on larval cuticle and digestive tract could be related to this kind of activity.</p></sec><sec id="sec1-4"><title>Conclusions</title><p>This work is the first study concerning <italic>in vitro</italic> effect of LMN against <italic>Anisakis</italic> larvae. According to our results LMN showed a remarkable <italic>in vitro</italic> nematocidal effect at higher concentrations used. The larvicidal activity probably is related to the damage found in the parasite digestive tract. The effectiveness of LMN against <italic>Anisakis</italic> larvae demonstrated in these experiments justifies further investigations to evaluate the potential use LMN for during industrial marinating process.</p></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Aggarwal</surname><given-names>KK</given-names></name><name><surname>Khanuja</surname><given-names>SPS</given-names></name><name><surname>Ahmad</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Santha Kumar</surname><given-names>TR</given-names></name><name><surname>Gupta</surname><given-names>VK</given-names></name><name><surname>Kumar</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name></person-group>, <year>2002</year><article-title>Antimicrobial activity profiles of the two enantiomers of limonene and carvone isolated from the oils of Mentha spicata and Anethum sowa</article-title>. <source>Flavour Frag J</source><volume>17</volume>:<fpage>59</fpage>-<lpage>63</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref2"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Arruda</surname><given-names>DC</given-names></name><name><surname>Miguel</surname><given-names>DC</given-names></name><name><surname>Yokoyama-Yasunaka</surname><given-names>JKU</given-names></name><name><surname>Katzin</surname><given-names>AM</given-names></name><name><surname>Uliana</surname><given-names>SRB</given-names></name></person-group>, <year>2009</year><article-title>Inhibitory activity of limonene against Leishmania parasites in vitro and in vivo</article-title>. <source>Biomed Pharmacother</source><volume>63</volume>:<fpage>643</fpage>-<lpage>9</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19321295</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref3"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Audicana</surname><given-names>MT</given-names></name><name><surname>Ansotegui</surname><given-names>IJ</given-names></name><name><surname>de Corres</surname><given-names>LF</given-names></name><name><surname>Kennedy</surname><given-names>MW</given-names></name></person-group>, <year>2002</year><article-title>Anisakis simplex: dangerous—dead and alive?</article-title><source>Trends Parasitol</source><volume>18</volume>:<fpage>20</fpage>-<lpage>5</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11850010</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref4"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Audicana</surname><given-names>MT</given-names></name><name><surname>Kennedy</surname><given-names>MW</given-names></name></person-group>, <year>2008</year><article-title>Anisakis simplex: from obscure infectious worm to inducer of immune hypersensitivity</article-title>. <source>Clinical Microb Rev</source><volume>21</volume>:<fpage>360</fpage>-<lpage>79</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref5"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Bakkali</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Averbeck</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Averbeck</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Idaomar</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group>, <year>2008</year><article-title>Biological effects of essential oils: a review</article-title>. <source>Food Chem Toxicol</source><volume>46</volume>:<fpage>446</fpage>-<lpage>75</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">17996351</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref6"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Burt</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name></person-group>, <year>2004</year><article-title>Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods: a review</article-title>. <source>Int J Food Microbiol</source><volume>94</volume>:<fpage>223</fpage>-<lpage>53</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15246235</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref7"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Chai</surname><given-names>J-Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Darwin</surname><given-names>Murrell K</given-names></name><name><surname>Lymbery</surname><given-names>AJ</given-names></name></person-group>, <year>2005</year><article-title>Fish-borne parasitic zoonoses: status and issues</article-title>. <source>Int J Parasitol</source><volume>35</volume>:<fpage>1233</fpage>-<lpage>54</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16143336</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref8"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Colavita</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name></person-group>, <year>2012</year>. Igiene e tecnologie degli alimenti di origine animale. Le Point Vétérinaire, Milan, Italy.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref9"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>del Carmen Romero</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Valero</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Martín-Sánchez</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Navarro-Moll</surname><given-names>MC</given-names></name></person-group>, <year>2012</year><article-title>Activity of Matricaria chamomilla essential oil against anisakiasis</article-title>. <source>Phytomedicine</source><volume>19</volume>:<fpage>520</fpage>-<lpage>3</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22397992</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref10"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Espina</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Somolinos</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Lorán</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Conchello</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>García</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Pagán</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name></person-group>, <year>2011</year><article-title>Chemical composition of commercial citrus fruit essential oils and evaluation of their antimicrobial activity acting alone or in combined processes</article-title>. <source>Food Control</source><volume>22</volume>:<fpage>896</fpage>-<lpage>902</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref11"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>European</surname><given-names>Commission</given-names></name></person-group>, <year>2004</year><article-title>Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 laying down specific hygiene rules for on the hygiene of foodstuffs, 853/2004/EC</article-title>. In: Official Journal, L 139/55, 30.4.2004.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref12"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>European</surname><given-names>Commission</given-names></name></person-group>, <year>2012</year><article-title>Commission implementing Regulation of 1 October 2012 adopting the list of flavouring substances provided for by Regulation (EC) No 2232/96 of the European Parliament and of the Council, introducing it in Annex I to Regulation (EC) No 1334/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Commission Regulation (EC) No 1565/2000 and Commission Decision 1999/217/EC, 872/2012/EC</article-title>. In: Official Journal, L 267/1, 2.10.2012.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref13"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Giarratana</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Muscolino</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Beninati</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Giuffrida</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Panebianco</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name></person-group>, <year>2014</year><article-title>Activity of Thymus vulgaris essential oil against Anisakis larvae</article-title>. <source>Exp Parasitol</source><volume>142</volume>:<fpage>7</fpage>-<lpage>10</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24721259</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref14"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Giarratana</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Panebianco</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Muscolino</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Beninati</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Ziino</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Giuffrida</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name></person-group>, <year>2015</year><article-title>Effect of allyl isothiocyanate against Anisakis larvae during the anchovy marinating process</article-title>. <source>J Food Protect</source><volume>78</volume>:<fpage>767</fpage>-<lpage>71</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref15"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Gomez-Rincon</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Langa</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name><name><surname>Murillo</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Valero</surname><given-names>MS</given-names></name><name><surname>Berzosa</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Lopez</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name></person-group>, <year>2014</year><article-title>Activity of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) essential oil against L3 larvae of Anisakis simplex</article-title>. <source>BioMed Res Int</source><volume>2014</volume>:<fpage>1</fpage>-<lpage>6</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref16"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hierro</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name><name><surname>Valero</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Navarro</surname><given-names>MC</given-names></name></person-group>, <year>2006</year><article-title>In vivo larvicidal activity of monoterpenic derivatives from aromatic plants against L3 larvae of Anisakis simplex s.l</article-title>. <source>Phytomedicine</source><volume>13</volume>:<fpage>527</fpage>-<lpage>31</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16785045</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref17"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hirasa</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Takemasa</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group>, <year>1998</year>. Spice science and technology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref18"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Hirota</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Roger</surname><given-names>NN</given-names></name><name><surname>Nakamura</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Song</surname><given-names>H-S</given-names></name><name><surname>Sawamura</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Suganuma</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name></person-group>, <year>2010</year><article-title>Anti-inflammatory effects of limonene from yuzu (Citrus junos Tanaka) essential oil on eosinophils</article-title>. <source>J Food Sci</source><volume>75</volume>:<fpage>H87</fpage>-<lpage>92</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20492298</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref19"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kanojiya</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Shanker</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Sudan</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><name><surname>Jaiswal</surname><given-names>AK</given-names></name><name><surname>Parashar</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name></person-group>, <year>2014</year><article-title>In vitro and in vivo efficacy of extracts of leaves of Eucalyptus globulus on ovine gastrointestinal nematodes</article-title>. <source>Parasitol Res</source><volume>114</volume>:<fpage>141</fpage>-<lpage>8</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">25300421</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref20"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lu</surname><given-names>XG</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhan</surname><given-names>LB</given-names></name><name><surname>Feng</surname><given-names>BA</given-names></name><name><surname>Qu</surname><given-names>MY</given-names></name><name><surname>Yu</surname><given-names>LH</given-names></name><name><surname>Xie</surname><given-names>JH</given-names></name></person-group>, <year>2004</year><article-title>Inhibition of growth and metastasis of human gastric cancer implanted in nude mice by d-limonene</article-title>. <source>World J Gastroenterol</source><volume>10</volume>:<fpage>2140</fpage>-<lpage>4</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15237454</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref21"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Macedo</surname><given-names>ITF</given-names></name><name><surname>Bevilaqua</surname><given-names>CML</given-names></name><name><surname>de Oliveira</surname><given-names>LMB</given-names></name><name><surname>Camurça-Vasconcelos</surname><given-names>ALF</given-names></name><name><surname>Vieira</surname><given-names>LdS</given-names></name><name><surname>Oliveira</surname><given-names>FR</given-names></name><name><surname>Queiroz-Junior</surname><given-names>EM</given-names></name><name><surname>Tomé Ada</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Nascimento</surname><given-names>NRF</given-names></name></person-group>, <year>2010</year><article-title>Anthelmintic effect of Eucalyptus staigeriana essential oil against goat gastrointestinal nematodes</article-title>. <source>Vet Parasitol</source><volume>173</volume>:<fpage>93</fpage>-<lpage>8</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20609526</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref22"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Navarro</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Noguera</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Romero</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Montilla</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>de Selgas</surname><given-names>JG</given-names></name><name><surname>Valero</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name></person-group>, <year>2008</year><article-title>Anisakis simplex sl: Larvicidal activity of various monoterpenic derivatives of natural origin against L 3 larvae in vitro and in vivo</article-title>. <source>Exp Parasitol</source><volume>120</volume>:<fpage>295</fpage>-<lpage>9</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18713626</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref23"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Romero Mdel</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Valero</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Martin-Sanchez</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Navarro-Moll</surname><given-names>MC</given-names></name></person-group>, <year>2012</year><article-title>Activity of Matricaria chamomilla essential oil against anisakiasis</article-title>. <source>Phytomedicine</source><volume>19</volume>:<fpage>520</fpage>-<lpage>3</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22397992</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref24"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sun</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name></person-group>, <year>2007</year><article-title>D-Limonene: safety and clinical applications</article-title>. <source>Altern Med Rev</source><volume>12</volume>:<fpage>259</fpage>-<lpage>64</lpage>.<pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18072821</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref25"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Urban</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Tauchen</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Langrova</surname><given-names>I</given-names></name><name><surname>Kokoska</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name></person-group>, <year>2014</year><article-title>In vitro motility inhibition effect of Czech medicinal plant extracts on Chabertia ovina adults</article-title>. <source>J Anim Plant Sci</source><volume>21</volume>:<fpage>3293</fpage>-<lpage>302</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref26"><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Viuda-Martos</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Ruiz-Navajas</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Fernández-López</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Pérez-Álvarez</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name></person-group>, <year>2008</year><article-title>Antifungal activity of lemon (Citrus lemon L.), mandarin (Citrus reticulata L.), grapefruit (Citrus paradisi L.) and orange (Citrus sinensis L.) essential oils</article-title>. <source>Food Control</source><volume>19</volume>:<fpage>1130</fpage>-<lpage>8</lpage>.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back><floats-group><fig id="fig001" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1.</label><caption><p>Inactivation rate of larvae in saline solution with 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 5% R(+) limonene.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijfs-2015-4-5499-g001"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig002" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2.</label><caption><p>Inactivation rate of larvae in marinating solution with 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 5% R(+) limonene.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijfs-2015-4-5499-g002"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig003" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3.</label><caption><p>Inactivation rate of larvae in seeds oil with 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 5% R(+) limonene.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ijfs-2015-4-5499-g003"></graphic></fig></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Bois/explor/OrangerV1/Data/Pmc/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001001 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 001001 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Bois
|area= OrangerV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:5076689
|texte= Activity of R(+) Limonene Against Anisakis Larvae
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:27800423" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a OrangerV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.25. |  |