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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Fruit load modulates flowering-related gene expression in buds of alternate-bearing ‘Moncada’ mandarin</title>
<author><name sortKey="Mu Oz Fambuena, Natalia" sort="Mu Oz Fambuena, Natalia" uniqKey="Mu Oz Fambuena N" first="Natalia" last="Mu Oz-Fambuena">Natalia Mu Oz-Fambuena</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, E-46022 Valencia, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mesejo, Carlos" sort="Mesejo, Carlos" uniqKey="Mesejo C" first="Carlos" last="Mesejo">Carlos Mesejo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, E-46022 Valencia, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Mas, M Carmen" sort="Gonzalez Mas, M Carmen" uniqKey="Gonzalez Mas M" first="M. Carmen" last="González-Mas">M. Carmen González-Mas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2"><addr-line>Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, E-46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Primo Millo, Eduardo" sort="Primo Millo, Eduardo" uniqKey="Primo Millo E" first="Eduardo" last="Primo-Millo">Eduardo Primo-Millo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2"><addr-line>Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, E-46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Agusti, Manuel" sort="Agusti, Manuel" uniqKey="Agusti M" first="Manuel" last="Agustí">Manuel Agustí</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, E-46022 Valencia, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Iglesias, Domingo J" sort="Iglesias, Domingo J" uniqKey="Iglesias D" first="Domingo J." last="Iglesias">Domingo J. Iglesias</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2"><addr-line>Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, E-46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">22915579</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3478051</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3478051</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3478051</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1093/aob/mcs190</idno>
<date when="2012">2012</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000C06</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Fruit load modulates flowering-related gene expression in buds of alternate-bearing ‘Moncada’ mandarin</title>
<author><name sortKey="Mu Oz Fambuena, Natalia" sort="Mu Oz Fambuena, Natalia" uniqKey="Mu Oz Fambuena N" first="Natalia" last="Mu Oz-Fambuena">Natalia Mu Oz-Fambuena</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, E-46022 Valencia, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mesejo, Carlos" sort="Mesejo, Carlos" uniqKey="Mesejo C" first="Carlos" last="Mesejo">Carlos Mesejo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, E-46022 Valencia, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Mas, M Carmen" sort="Gonzalez Mas, M Carmen" uniqKey="Gonzalez Mas M" first="M. Carmen" last="González-Mas">M. Carmen González-Mas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2"><addr-line>Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, E-46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Primo Millo, Eduardo" sort="Primo Millo, Eduardo" uniqKey="Primo Millo E" first="Eduardo" last="Primo-Millo">Eduardo Primo-Millo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2"><addr-line>Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, E-46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Agusti, Manuel" sort="Agusti, Manuel" uniqKey="Agusti M" first="Manuel" last="Agustí">Manuel Agustí</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, E-46022 Valencia, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Iglesias, Domingo J" sort="Iglesias, Domingo J" uniqKey="Iglesias D" first="Domingo J." last="Iglesias">Domingo J. Iglesias</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2"><addr-line>Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, E-46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Annals of Botany</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0305-7364</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1095-8290</idno>
<imprint><date when="2012">2012</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background and Aims</title>
<p>Gene determination of flowering is the result of complex interactions involving both promoters and inhibitors. In this study, the expression of flowering-related genes at the meristem level in alternate-bearing citrus trees is analysed, together with the interplay between buds and leaves in the determination of flowering.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>First defruiting experiments were performed to manipulate blossoming intensity in ‘Moncada’ mandarin, <italic>Citrus clementina</italic>
. Further defoliation was performed to elucidate the role leaves play in the flowering process. In both cases, the activity of flowering-related genes was investigated at the flower induction (November) and differentiation (February) stages.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Key Results</title>
<p>Study of the expression pattern of flowering-genes in buds from <italic>on</italic>
(fully loaded) and <italic>off</italic>
(without fruits) trees revealed that homologues of <italic>FLOWERING LOCUS T</italic>
(<italic>CiFT</italic>
), <italic>TWIN SISTER OF FT</italic>
(<italic>TSF</italic>
), <italic>APETALA1</italic>
(<italic>CsAP1</italic>
) and <italic>LEAFY</italic>
(<italic>CsLFY</italic>
) were negatively affected by fruit load. <italic>CiFT</italic>
and <italic>TSF</italic>
activities showed a marked increase in buds from <italic>off</italic>
trees through the study period (ten-fold in November). By contrast, expression of the homologues of the flowering inhibitors of <italic>TERMINAL FLOWER 1</italic>
(<italic>CsTFL</italic>
), <italic>TERMINAL FLOWER 2</italic>
(<italic>TFL2</italic>
) and <italic>FLOWERING LOCUS C</italic>
(<italic>FLC</italic>
) was generally lower in <italic>off</italic>
trees. Regarding floral identity genes, the increase in <italic>CsAP1</italic>
expression in <italic>off</italic>
trees was much greater in buds than in leaves, and significant variations in <italic>CsLFY</italic>
expression (approx. 20 %) were found only in February. Defoliation experiments further revealed that the absence of leaves completely abolished blossoming and severely affected the expression of most of the flowering-related genes, particularly decreasing the activity of floral promoters and of <italic>CsAP1</italic>
at the induction stage.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>These results suggest that the presence of fruit affects flowering by greatly altering gene-expression not only at the leaf but also at the meristem level. Although leaves are required for flowering to occur, their absence strongly affects the activity of floral promoters and identity genes.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Ann Bot</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Ann. Bot</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">annbot</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">annbot</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Annals of Botany</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0305-7364</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1095-8290</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22915579</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3478051</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/aob/mcs190</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">mcs190</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Articles</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Fruit load modulates flowering-related gene expression in buds of alternate-bearing ‘Moncada’ mandarin</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Muñoz-Fambuena</surname>
<given-names>Natalia</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mesejo</surname>
<given-names>Carlos</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>González-Mas</surname>
<given-names>M. Carmen</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Primo-Millo</surname>
<given-names>Eduardo</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Agustí</surname>
<given-names>Manuel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Iglesias</surname>
<given-names>Domingo J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="af1"><label>1</label>
<addr-line>Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, E-46022 Valencia, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="af2"><label>2</label>
<addr-line>Centro de Citricultura y Producción Vegetal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, E-46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>
For correspondence. E-mail <email>iglesias_dom@gva.es</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>11</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>110</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>1109</fpage>
<lpage>1118</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>25</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-request"><day>19</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>10</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author 2012. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="mcs190.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><sec><title>Background and Aims</title>
<p>Gene determination of flowering is the result of complex interactions involving both promoters and inhibitors. In this study, the expression of flowering-related genes at the meristem level in alternate-bearing citrus trees is analysed, together with the interplay between buds and leaves in the determination of flowering.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>First defruiting experiments were performed to manipulate blossoming intensity in ‘Moncada’ mandarin, <italic>Citrus clementina</italic>
. Further defoliation was performed to elucidate the role leaves play in the flowering process. In both cases, the activity of flowering-related genes was investigated at the flower induction (November) and differentiation (February) stages.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Key Results</title>
<p>Study of the expression pattern of flowering-genes in buds from <italic>on</italic>
(fully loaded) and <italic>off</italic>
(without fruits) trees revealed that homologues of <italic>FLOWERING LOCUS T</italic>
(<italic>CiFT</italic>
), <italic>TWIN SISTER OF FT</italic>
(<italic>TSF</italic>
), <italic>APETALA1</italic>
(<italic>CsAP1</italic>
) and <italic>LEAFY</italic>
(<italic>CsLFY</italic>
) were negatively affected by fruit load. <italic>CiFT</italic>
and <italic>TSF</italic>
activities showed a marked increase in buds from <italic>off</italic>
trees through the study period (ten-fold in November). By contrast, expression of the homologues of the flowering inhibitors of <italic>TERMINAL FLOWER 1</italic>
(<italic>CsTFL</italic>
), <italic>TERMINAL FLOWER 2</italic>
(<italic>TFL2</italic>
) and <italic>FLOWERING LOCUS C</italic>
(<italic>FLC</italic>
) was generally lower in <italic>off</italic>
trees. Regarding floral identity genes, the increase in <italic>CsAP1</italic>
expression in <italic>off</italic>
trees was much greater in buds than in leaves, and significant variations in <italic>CsLFY</italic>
expression (approx. 20 %) were found only in February. Defoliation experiments further revealed that the absence of leaves completely abolished blossoming and severely affected the expression of most of the flowering-related genes, particularly decreasing the activity of floral promoters and of <italic>CsAP1</italic>
at the induction stage.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>These results suggest that the presence of fruit affects flowering by greatly altering gene-expression not only at the leaf but also at the meristem level. Although leaves are required for flowering to occur, their absence strongly affects the activity of floral promoters and identity genes.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Alternate bearing</kwd>
<kwd><italic>AP1</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd>citrus</kwd>
<kwd>flowering</kwd>
<kwd><italic>FT</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd><italic>FD</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd><italic>FLC</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd><italic>LFY</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd><italic>SOC1</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd><italic>TFL1</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd><italic>TFL2</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd><italic>TSF</italic>
</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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