Complete Genes May Pass from Food to Human Blood
Identifieur interne : 001388 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 001387; suivant : 001389Complete Genes May Pass from Food to Human Blood
Auteurs : Sándor Spisák [Hongrie, États-Unis] ; Norbert Solymosi [Hongrie] ; Péter Ittzés [Hongrie] ; András Bodor [Hongrie] ; Dániel Kondor [Hongrie] ; Gábor Vattay [Hongrie] ; Barbara K. Barták [Hongrie] ; Ferenc Sipos [Hongrie] ; Orsolya Galamb [Hongrie] ; Zsolt Tulassay [Hongrie] ; Zoltán Szállási [États-Unis] ; Simon Rasmussen [Danemark] ; Thomas Sicheritz-Ponten [Danemark] ; S Ren Brunak [Danemark] ; Béla Molnár [Hongrie] ; István Csabai [Hongrie, États-Unis]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2013.
Abstract
Our bloodstream is considered to be an environment well separated from the outside world and the digestive tract. According to the standard paradigm large macromolecules consumed with food cannot pass directly to the circulatory system. During digestion proteins and DNA are thought to be degraded into small constituents, amino acids and nucleic acids, respectively, and then absorbed by a complex active process and distributed to various parts of the body through the circulation system. Here, based on the analysis of over 1000 human samples from four independent studies, we report evidence that meal-derived DNA fragments which are large enough to carry complete genes can avoid degradation and through an unknown mechanism enter the human circulation system. In one of the blood samples the relative concentration of plant DNA is higher than the human DNA. The plant DNA concentration shows a surprisingly precise log-normal distribution in the plasma samples while non-plasma (cord blood) control sample was found to be free of plant DNA.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069805
PubMed: 23936105
PubMed Central: 3728338
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Complete Genes May Pass from Food to Human Blood</title>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Hongrie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Budapest</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Hongrie centrale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Hongrie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Budapest</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Hongrie centrale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Csabai, Istvan" sort="Csabai, Istvan" uniqKey="Csabai I" first="István" last="Csabai">István Csabai</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Hongrie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös University, Budapest</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Budapest</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Hongrie centrale</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff7"><addr-line>Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region>
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</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno>
<imprint><date when="2013">2013</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Our bloodstream is considered to be an environment well separated from the outside world and the digestive tract. According to the standard paradigm large macromolecules consumed with food cannot pass directly to the circulatory system. During digestion proteins and DNA are thought to be degraded into small constituents, amino acids and nucleic acids, respectively, and then absorbed by a complex active process and distributed to various parts of the body through the circulation system. Here, based on the analysis of over 1000 human samples from four independent studies, we report evidence that meal-derived DNA fragments which are large enough to carry complete genes can avoid degradation and through an unknown mechanism enter the human circulation system. In one of the blood samples the relative concentration of plant DNA is higher than the human DNA. The plant DNA concentration shows a surprisingly precise log-normal distribution in the plasma samples while non-plasma (cord blood) control sample was found to be free of plant DNA.</p>
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</analytic>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chen, F" uniqKey="Chen F">F Chen</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Xie, J" uniqKey="Xie J">J Xie</name>
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</analytic>
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</analytic>
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<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chase, Mw" uniqKey="Chase M">MW Chase</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Fay, Mf" uniqKey="Fay M">MF Fay</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Reveal, Jl" uniqKey="Reveal J">JL Reveal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Soltis, De" uniqKey="Soltis D">DE Soltis</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Soltis, Ps" uniqKey="Soltis P">PS Soltis</name>
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</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>San Francisco, USA</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23936105</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3728338</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-12-29597</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0069805</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Biology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Anatomy and Physiology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Digestive System</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Digestive Physiology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Digestive Functions</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group><subject>Genomics</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Genome Analysis Tools</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Genome Scans</subject>
<subject>Genome-Wide Association Studies</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group><subject>Comparative Genomics</subject>
<subject>Genome Sequencing</subject>
<subject>Metagenomics</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Complete Genes May Pass from Food to Human Blood</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Foreign DNA in Blood</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Spisák</surname>
<given-names>Sándor</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Solymosi</surname>
<given-names>Norbert</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ittzés</surname>
<given-names>Péter</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bodor</surname>
<given-names>András</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kondor</surname>
<given-names>Dániel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vattay</surname>
<given-names>Gábor</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barták</surname>
<given-names>Barbara K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sipos</surname>
<given-names>Ferenc</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Galamb</surname>
<given-names>Orsolya</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tulassay</surname>
<given-names>Zsolt</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Szállási</surname>
<given-names>Zoltán</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rasmussen</surname>
<given-names>Simon</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sicheritz-Ponten</surname>
<given-names>Thomas</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brunak</surname>
<given-names>Søren</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Molnár</surname>
<given-names>Béla</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Csabai</surname>
<given-names>István</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>
<addr-line>Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>
<addr-line>Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>
<addr-line>Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><label>4</label>
<addr-line>Department of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Veterinary Ethology, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5"><label>5</label>
<addr-line>2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6"><label>6</label>
<addr-line>Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7"><label>7</label>
<addr-line>Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America</addr-line>
</aff>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Dewan</surname>
<given-names>Andrew</given-names>
</name>
<role>Editor</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="edit1"><addr-line>Yale School of Public Health, United States of America</addr-line>
</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail: <email>Sandor.Spisak@childrens.harvard.edu</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="con"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: SS NS IC. Performed the experiments: SS OG FS BKB. Analyzed the data: SS NS PI AB GV FS ZS SR TSP SB DK IC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SS GV ZT BM IC. Wrote the paper: SS NS ZS SR TSP SB IC.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>7</issue>
<elocation-id>e69805</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>25</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>4</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Spisak et al</copyright-holder>
<license><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>Our bloodstream is considered to be an environment well separated from the outside world and the digestive tract. According to the standard paradigm large macromolecules consumed with food cannot pass directly to the circulatory system. During digestion proteins and DNA are thought to be degraded into small constituents, amino acids and nucleic acids, respectively, and then absorbed by a complex active process and distributed to various parts of the body through the circulation system. Here, based on the analysis of over 1000 human samples from four independent studies, we report evidence that meal-derived DNA fragments which are large enough to carry complete genes can avoid degradation and through an unknown mechanism enter the human circulation system. In one of the blood samples the relative concentration of plant DNA is higher than the human DNA. The plant DNA concentration shows a surprisingly precise log-normal distribution in the plasma samples while non-plasma (cord blood) control sample was found to be free of plant DNA.</p>
</abstract>
<funding-group><funding-statement>We thank grants OTKA-80177 and OTKA-77779, TECH08:3dhist08 for the Hungarian Natioanal Technology Office. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement>
</funding-group>
<counts><page-count count="11"></page-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Danemark</li>
<li>Hongrie</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Hongrie centrale</li>
<li>Maryland</li>
<li>Massachusetts</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Budapest</li>
</settlement>
</list>
<tree><country name="Hongrie"><region name="Hongrie centrale"><name sortKey="Spisak, Sandor" sort="Spisak, Sandor" uniqKey="Spisak S" first="Sándor" last="Spisák">Sándor Spisák</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Bartak, Barbara K" sort="Bartak, Barbara K" uniqKey="Bartak B" first="Barbara K." last="Barták">Barbara K. Barták</name>
<name sortKey="Bodor, Andras" sort="Bodor, Andras" uniqKey="Bodor A" first="András" last="Bodor">András Bodor</name>
<name sortKey="Csabai, Istvan" sort="Csabai, Istvan" uniqKey="Csabai I" first="István" last="Csabai">István Csabai</name>
<name sortKey="Galamb, Orsolya" sort="Galamb, Orsolya" uniqKey="Galamb O" first="Orsolya" last="Galamb">Orsolya Galamb</name>
<name sortKey="Ittzes, Peter" sort="Ittzes, Peter" uniqKey="Ittzes P" first="Péter" last="Ittzés">Péter Ittzés</name>
<name sortKey="Kondor, Daniel" sort="Kondor, Daniel" uniqKey="Kondor D" first="Dániel" last="Kondor">Dániel Kondor</name>
<name sortKey="Molnar, Bela" sort="Molnar, Bela" uniqKey="Molnar B" first="Béla" last="Molnár">Béla Molnár</name>
<name sortKey="Molnar, Bela" sort="Molnar, Bela" uniqKey="Molnar B" first="Béla" last="Molnár">Béla Molnár</name>
<name sortKey="Sipos, Ferenc" sort="Sipos, Ferenc" uniqKey="Sipos F" first="Ferenc" last="Sipos">Ferenc Sipos</name>
<name sortKey="Solymosi, Norbert" sort="Solymosi, Norbert" uniqKey="Solymosi N" first="Norbert" last="Solymosi">Norbert Solymosi</name>
<name sortKey="Solymosi, Norbert" sort="Solymosi, Norbert" uniqKey="Solymosi N" first="Norbert" last="Solymosi">Norbert Solymosi</name>
<name sortKey="Tulassay, Zsolt" sort="Tulassay, Zsolt" uniqKey="Tulassay Z" first="Zsolt" last="Tulassay">Zsolt Tulassay</name>
<name sortKey="Tulassay, Zsolt" sort="Tulassay, Zsolt" uniqKey="Tulassay Z" first="Zsolt" last="Tulassay">Zsolt Tulassay</name>
<name sortKey="Vattay, Gabor" sort="Vattay, Gabor" uniqKey="Vattay G" first="Gábor" last="Vattay">Gábor Vattay</name>
</country>
<country name="États-Unis"><region name="Massachusetts"><name sortKey="Spisak, Sandor" sort="Spisak, Sandor" uniqKey="Spisak S" first="Sándor" last="Spisák">Sándor Spisák</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Csabai, Istvan" sort="Csabai, Istvan" uniqKey="Csabai I" first="István" last="Csabai">István Csabai</name>
<name sortKey="Szallasi, Zoltan" sort="Szallasi, Zoltan" uniqKey="Szallasi Z" first="Zoltán" last="Szállási">Zoltán Szállási</name>
</country>
<country name="Danemark"><noRegion><name sortKey="Rasmussen, Simon" sort="Rasmussen, Simon" uniqKey="Rasmussen S" first="Simon" last="Rasmussen">Simon Rasmussen</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Brunak, S Ren" sort="Brunak, S Ren" uniqKey="Brunak S" first="S Ren" last="Brunak">S Ren Brunak</name>
<name sortKey="Sicheritz Ponten, Thomas" sort="Sicheritz Ponten, Thomas" uniqKey="Sicheritz Ponten T" first="Thomas" last="Sicheritz-Ponten">Thomas Sicheritz-Ponten</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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