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Gender inequity in the lives of women involved in sex work in Kampala, Uganda

Identifieur interne : 002688 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002687; suivant : 002689

Gender inequity in the lives of women involved in sex work in Kampala, Uganda

Auteurs : Martin Mbonye [Ouganda] ; Winifred Nalukenge [Ouganda] ; Sarah Nakamanya [Ouganda] ; Betty Nalusiba [Ouganda] ; Rachel King [Ouganda, États-Unis, Suède] ; Judith Vandepitte [Ouganda, Royaume-Uni] ; Janet Seeley [Ouganda, Royaume-Uni]

Source :

RBID : PMC:3499847

Abstract

Background

Gender inequity is manifested in the social and economic burden women carry in relation to men. We investigate women's experiences of gender relations from childhood to adult life and how these may have led to and kept women in sex work.

Methods

Participants were drawn from an ongoing epidemiological cohort study of women working in high HIV/STI risk environments in Kampala. From over 1000 enrolled women, we selected 101 for a qualitative sub-study. This analysis focuses on 58 women who engaged in sex work either as a main job or as a side job. In-depth life history interviews were conducted to capture points of vulnerability that enhance gender inequity throughout their lives.

Results

Most participants were young, single parents, poorly educated, who occupied low skilled and poorly paying jobs. All women knew their HIV status and they disclosed this in the interview; 31 were uninfected while 27 said they were infected. Parental neglect in childhood was reported by many. Participants described experiences of violence while growing up sometimes perpetuated by relatives and teachers. Early unwanted pregnancies were common and for many led to leaving school. Some women stated a preference for multiple and short-term money-driven sexual relationships. Needing to earn money for child care was often the main reason for starting and persisting with sex work. Violence perpetrated by clients and the police was commonly reported. Alcohol and drug use was described as a necessary “evil” for courage and warmth, but sometimes this affected clear decision making. Many felt powerless to bargain for and maintain condom use. Leaving sex work was considered but rarely implemented.

Conclusions

Inequities in gender and power relations reduce economic and social opportunities for better lives among women and increase risky sexual behaviour. Interventions focused on these inequities that also target men are crucial in improving safer practices and reducing risk.


Url:
DOI: 10.7448/IAS.15.3.17365
PubMed: 22713353
PubMed Central: 3499847

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PMC:3499847

Le document en format XML

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<title>Background</title>
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<title>Methods</title>
<p>Participants were drawn from an ongoing epidemiological cohort study of women working in high HIV/STI risk environments in Kampala. From over 1000 enrolled women, we selected 101 for a qualitative sub-study. This analysis focuses on 58 women who engaged in sex work either as a main job or as a side job. In-depth life history interviews were conducted to capture points of vulnerability that enhance gender inequity throughout their lives.</p>
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<p>Most participants were young, single parents, poorly educated, who occupied low skilled and poorly paying jobs. All women knew their HIV status and they disclosed this in the interview; 31 were uninfected while 27 said they were infected. Parental neglect in childhood was reported by many. Participants described experiences of violence while growing up sometimes perpetuated by relatives and teachers. Early unwanted pregnancies were common and for many led to leaving school. Some women stated a preference for multiple and short-term money-driven sexual relationships. Needing to earn money for child care was often the main reason for starting and persisting with sex work. Violence perpetrated by clients and the police was commonly reported. Alcohol and drug use was described as a necessary “evil” for courage and warmth, but sometimes this affected clear decision making. Many felt powerless to bargain for and maintain condom use. Leaving sex work was considered but rarely implemented.</p>
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<title>Conclusions</title>
<p>Inequities in gender and power relations reduce economic and social opportunities for better lives among women and increase risky sexual behaviour. Interventions focused on these inequities that also target men are crucial in improving safer practices and reducing risk.</p>
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<pmc article-type="research-article">
<pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Int AIDS Soc</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Int AIDS Soc</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JIAS</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Journal of the International AIDS Society</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1758-2652</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>International AIDS Society</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22713353</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3499847</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">17365</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7448/IAS.15.3.17365</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Gender inequity in the lives of women involved in sex work in Kampala, Uganda</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Mbonye</surname>
<given-names>Martin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">§</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nalukenge</surname>
<given-names>Winifred</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nakamanya</surname>
<given-names>Sarah</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nalusiba</surname>
<given-names>Betty</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>King</surname>
<given-names>Rachel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0002">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0003">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Vandepitte</surname>
<given-names>Judith</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0004">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Seeley</surname>
<given-names>Janet</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0001">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0004">4</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="AF0005">5</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="AF0001">
<label>1</label>
MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda</aff>
<aff id="AF0002">
<label>2</label>
University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA</aff>
<aff id="AF0003">
<label>3</label>
Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden</aff>
<aff id="AF0004">
<label>4</label>
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK</aff>
<aff id="AF0005">
<label>5</label>
University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK</aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor1">
<label>§</label>
<bold>Corresponding author:</bold>
P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda. Tel: +256 41320272 (
<email xlink:href="martin.mbonye@mrcuganda.org">martin.mbonye@mrcuganda.org</email>
)</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>14</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection">
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<issue>Suppl 1</issue>
<elocation-id content-type="doi">17365</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>12</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd">
<day>23</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>29</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>© 2012 Mbonye M et al; licensee International AIDS Society</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
<license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License, permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<sec id="st1">
<title>Background</title>
<p>Gender inequity is manifested in the social and economic burden women carry in relation to men. We investigate women's experiences of gender relations from childhood to adult life and how these may have led to and kept women in sex work.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="st2">
<title>Methods</title>
<p>Participants were drawn from an ongoing epidemiological cohort study of women working in high HIV/STI risk environments in Kampala. From over 1000 enrolled women, we selected 101 for a qualitative sub-study. This analysis focuses on 58 women who engaged in sex work either as a main job or as a side job. In-depth life history interviews were conducted to capture points of vulnerability that enhance gender inequity throughout their lives.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="st3">
<title>Results</title>
<p>Most participants were young, single parents, poorly educated, who occupied low skilled and poorly paying jobs. All women knew their HIV status and they disclosed this in the interview; 31 were uninfected while 27 said they were infected. Parental neglect in childhood was reported by many. Participants described experiences of violence while growing up sometimes perpetuated by relatives and teachers. Early unwanted pregnancies were common and for many led to leaving school. Some women stated a preference for multiple and short-term money-driven sexual relationships. Needing to earn money for child care was often the main reason for starting and persisting with sex work. Violence perpetrated by clients and the police was commonly reported. Alcohol and drug use was described as a necessary “evil” for courage and warmth, but sometimes this affected clear decision making. Many felt powerless to bargain for and maintain condom use. Leaving sex work was considered but rarely implemented.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="st4">
<title>Conclusions</title>
<p>Inequities in gender and power relations reduce economic and social opportunities for better lives among women and increase risky sexual behaviour. Interventions focused on these inequities that also target men are crucial in improving safer practices and reducing risk.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>

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