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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Potential for human immunodeficiency virus parenteral transmission in the Middle East and North Africa: An analysis using hepatitis C virus as a proxy biomarker</title><author><name sortKey="Mohamoud, Yousra A" sort="Mohamoud, Yousra A" uniqKey="Mohamoud Y" first="Yousra A" last="Mohamoud">Yousra A. Mohamoud</name></author><author><name sortKey="Miller, F Dewolfe" sort="Miller, F Dewolfe" uniqKey="Miller F" first="F Dewolfe" last="Miller">F Dewolfe Miller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abu Raddad, Laith J" sort="Abu Raddad, Laith J" uniqKey="Abu Raddad L" first="Laith J" last="Abu-Raddad">Laith J. Abu-Raddad</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25278675</idno><idno type="pmc">4177460</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4177460</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4177460</idno><idno type="doi">10.3748/wjg.v20.i36.12734</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002D90</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002D90</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Potential for human immunodeficiency virus parenteral transmission in the Middle East and North Africa: An analysis using hepatitis C virus as a proxy biomarker</title><author><name sortKey="Mohamoud, Yousra A" sort="Mohamoud, Yousra A" uniqKey="Mohamoud Y" first="Yousra A" last="Mohamoud">Yousra A. Mohamoud</name></author><author><name sortKey="Miller, F Dewolfe" sort="Miller, F Dewolfe" uniqKey="Miller F" first="F Dewolfe" last="Miller">F Dewolfe Miller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abu Raddad, Laith J" sort="Abu Raddad, Laith J" uniqKey="Abu Raddad L" first="Laith J" last="Abu-Raddad">Laith J. Abu-Raddad</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG</title><idno type="ISSN">1007-9327</idno><idno type="eISSN">2219-2840</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has endured several major events of infection parenteral transmission. Recent work has established the utility of using hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a proxy biomarker for assessing the epidemic potential for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) parenteral transmission. In this review, we use data on the prevalence of HCV infection antibody (seroprevalence) among general population and high risk population groups to assess the potential for HIV parenteral transmission in MENA. Relatively low prevalence of HCV infection in the general population groups was reported in most MENA countries indicating that parenteral HIV transmission at endemic levels does not appear to be a cause for concern. Nonetheless, there could be opportunities for localized HIV outbreaks and transmission of other blood-borne infections in some settings such as healthcare facilities. Though there have been steady improvements in safety measures related to parenteral modes of transmission in the region, these improvements have not been uniform across all countries. More precautions, including infection control training programs, surveillance systems for nosocomial infections and wider coverage and evaluation of hepatitis B virus immunization programs need to be implemented to avoid the unnecessary spread of HIV, HCV, and other blood-borne pathogens along the parenteral modes of transmission.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">World J Gastroenterol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">World J. Gastroenterol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">WJG</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1007-9327</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2219-2840</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Baishideng Publishing Group Inc</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25278675</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4177460</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">jWJG.v20.i36.pg12734</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3748/wjg.v20.i36.12734</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Topic Highlight</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Potential for human immunodeficiency virus parenteral transmission in the Middle East and North Africa: An analysis using hepatitis C virus as a proxy biomarker</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mohamoud</surname><given-names>Yousra A</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Miller</surname><given-names>F DeWolfe</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Abu-Raddad</surname><given-names>Laith J</given-names></name></contrib><aff>Yousra A Mohamoud, Laith J Abu-Raddad, Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar</aff><aff>F DeWolfe Miller, Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States</aff><aff>Laith J Abu-Raddad, Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 11213, United States</aff><aff>Laith J Abu-Raddad, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, United States</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><fn><p>Author contributions: Mohamoud YA and Abu-Raddad LJ conducted the literature review and data retrieval; Mohamoud YA conducted analysis and wrote the first draft of the paper; Miller FD contributed to the analysis and drafting of the article; Abu-Raddad LJ conceived and led the design of the study, analysis, and drafting of the article; all authors contributed to discussion of the results and writing of the manuscript.</p><p>Correspondence to: Laith J Abu-Raddad, PhD, Associate Professor, Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medical College - Qatar, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha 24144, Qatar. <email>lja2002@qatar-med.cornell.edu</email></p><p>Telephone: +974-44-928321 Fax: +974-44-928333</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>28</day><month>9</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>9</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>36</issue><fpage>12734</fpage><lpage>12752</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2013</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>20</day><month>2</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>28</day><month>5</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year></permissions><abstract><p>The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has endured several major events of infection parenteral transmission. Recent work has established the utility of using hepatitis C virus (HCV) as a proxy biomarker for assessing the epidemic potential for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) parenteral transmission. In this review, we use data on the prevalence of HCV infection antibody (seroprevalence) among general population and high risk population groups to assess the potential for HIV parenteral transmission in MENA. Relatively low prevalence of HCV infection in the general population groups was reported in most MENA countries indicating that parenteral HIV transmission at endemic levels does not appear to be a cause for concern. Nonetheless, there could be opportunities for localized HIV outbreaks and transmission of other blood-borne infections in some settings such as healthcare facilities. Though there have been steady improvements in safety measures related to parenteral modes of transmission in the region, these improvements have not been uniform across all countries. More precautions, including infection control training programs, surveillance systems for nosocomial infections and wider coverage and evaluation of hepatitis B virus immunization programs need to be implemented to avoid the unnecessary spread of HIV, HCV, and other blood-borne pathogens along the parenteral modes of transmission.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Hepatitis C virus</kwd><kwd>Human immunodeficiency virus</kwd><kwd>Parenteral transmission</kwd><kwd>Middle East and North Africa</kwd><kwd>Proxy biomarker</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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