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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">An ethnographic exploration of drug markets in Kisumu, Kenya</title><author><name sortKey="Syvertsen, Jennifer L" sort="Syvertsen, Jennifer L" uniqKey="Syvertsen J" first="Jennifer L." last="Syvertsen">Jennifer L. Syvertsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, 4046 Smith Laboratory, 174 W. 18th Ave. Columbus, OH 43210-1106 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ohaga, Spala" sort="Ohaga, Spala" uniqKey="Ohaga S" first="Spala" last="Ohaga">Spala Ohaga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Impact Research and Development Organization, P.O. Box 9171-40141, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agot, Kawango" sort="Agot, Kawango" uniqKey="Agot K" first="Kawango" last="Agot">Kawango Agot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Impact Research and Development Organization, P.O. Box 9171-40141, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dimova, Margarita" sort="Dimova, Margarita" uniqKey="Dimova M" first="Margarita" last="Dimova">Margarita Dimova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Politics and International Studies, SOAS, Thornhaugh Street, Russell Square, London, England WC1H 0XG;<email>marg.dimova@soas.ac.uk</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guise, Andy" sort="Guise, Andy" uniqKey="Guise A" first="Andy" last="Guise">Andy Guise</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Division of Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, Central Research Services Facility (CRSF), La Jolla, CA, 92093-0507, USA;<email>aguise@ucsd.edu</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rhodes, Tim" sort="Rhodes, Tim" uniqKey="Rhodes T" first="Tim" last="Rhodes">Tim Rhodes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, England, WC1E 7HT;<email>tim.rhodes@lshtm.ac.uk</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Karla D" sort="Wagner, Karla D" uniqKey="Wagner K" first="Karla D." last="Wagner">Karla D. Wagner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St. MS 0274, Reno, NV 89557 USA;<email>karlawagner@unr.edu</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26838470</idno><idno type="pmc">4845648</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4845648</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4845648</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.01.001</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001E58</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001E58</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">An ethnographic exploration of drug markets in Kisumu, Kenya</title><author><name sortKey="Syvertsen, Jennifer L" sort="Syvertsen, Jennifer L" uniqKey="Syvertsen J" first="Jennifer L." last="Syvertsen">Jennifer L. Syvertsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, 4046 Smith Laboratory, 174 W. 18th Ave. Columbus, OH 43210-1106 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ohaga, Spala" sort="Ohaga, Spala" uniqKey="Ohaga S" first="Spala" last="Ohaga">Spala Ohaga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Impact Research and Development Organization, P.O. Box 9171-40141, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agot, Kawango" sort="Agot, Kawango" uniqKey="Agot K" first="Kawango" last="Agot">Kawango Agot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Impact Research and Development Organization, P.O. Box 9171-40141, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dimova, Margarita" sort="Dimova, Margarita" uniqKey="Dimova M" first="Margarita" last="Dimova">Margarita Dimova</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Politics and International Studies, SOAS, Thornhaugh Street, Russell Square, London, England WC1H 0XG;<email>marg.dimova@soas.ac.uk</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guise, Andy" sort="Guise, Andy" uniqKey="Guise A" first="Andy" last="Guise">Andy Guise</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Division of Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, Central Research Services Facility (CRSF), La Jolla, CA, 92093-0507, USA;<email>aguise@ucsd.edu</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rhodes, Tim" sort="Rhodes, Tim" uniqKey="Rhodes T" first="Tim" last="Rhodes">Tim Rhodes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, England, WC1E 7HT;<email>tim.rhodes@lshtm.ac.uk</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Karla D" sort="Wagner, Karla D" uniqKey="Wagner K" first="Karla D." last="Wagner">Karla D. Wagner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St. MS 0274, Reno, NV 89557 USA;<email>karlawagner@unr.edu</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The International journal on drug policy</title><idno type="ISSN">0955-3959</idno><idno type="eISSN">1873-4758</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="S1"><title>Background</title><p id="P2">Illegal drug markets are shaped by multiple forces, including local actors and broader economic, political, social, and criminal justice systems that intertwine to impact health and social wellbeing. Ethnographic analyses that interrogate multiple dimensions of drug markets may offer both applied and theoretical insights into drug use, particularly in developing nations where new markets and local patterns of use traditionally have not been well understood. This paper explores the emergent drug market in Kisumu, western Kenya, where our research team recently documented evidence of injection drug use.</p></sec><sec id="S2"><title>Methods</title><p id="P3">Our exploratory study of injection drug use was conducted in Kisumu from 2013-2014. We draw on 151 surveys, 29 in-depth interviews, and 8 months of ethnographic fieldwork to describe the drug market from the perspective of injectors, focusing on their perceptions of the market and reports of drug use therein.</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>Results</title><p id="P4">Injectors described a dynamic market in which the availability of drugs and proliferation of injection drug use have taken on growing importance in Kisumu. In addition to reports of white and brown forms of heroin and concerns about drug adulteration in the market, we unexpectedly documented widespread perceptions of cocaine availability and injection in Kisumu. Examining price data and socio-pharmacological experiences of cocaine injection left us with unconfirmed evidence of its existence, but opened further possibilities about how the chaos of new drug markets and diffusion of injection-related beliefs and practices may lend insight into the sociopolitical context of western Kenya.</p></sec><sec id="S4"><title>Conclusions</title><p id="P5">We suggest a need for expanded drug surveillance, education and programming responsive to local conditions, and further ethnographic inquiry into the social meanings of emergent drug markets in Kenya and across sub-Saharan Africa.</p></sec></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">9014759</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">21498</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Drug Policy</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int. J. Drug Policy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The International journal on drug policy</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0955-3959</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1873-4758</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26838470</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4845648</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.01.001</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS756291</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>An ethnographic exploration of drug markets in Kisumu, Kenya</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Syvertsen</surname><given-names>Jennifer L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">a</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="CR1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ohaga</surname><given-names>Spala</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">b</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Agot</surname><given-names>Kawango</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">b</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dimova</surname><given-names>Margarita</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">c</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Guise</surname><given-names>Andy</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">d,e</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rhodes</surname><given-names>Tim</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">e</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wagner</surname><given-names>Karla D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">f</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>a</label>Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, 4046 Smith Laboratory, 174 W. 18th Ave. Columbus, OH 43210-1106 USA</aff><aff id="A2"><label>b</label>Impact Research and Development Organization, P.O. Box 9171-40141, Kisumu, Kenya</aff><aff id="A3"><label>c</label>Department of Politics and International Studies, SOAS, Thornhaugh Street, Russell Square, London, England WC1H 0XG;<email>marg.dimova@soas.ac.uk</email></aff><aff id="A4"><label>d,e</label>Division of Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, Central Research Services Facility (CRSF), La Jolla, CA, 92093-0507, USA;<email>aguise@ucsd.edu</email></aff><aff id="A5"><label>e</label>London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, England, WC1E 7HT;<email>tim.rhodes@lshtm.ac.uk</email></aff><aff id="A6"><label>f</label>School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St. MS 0274, Reno, NV 89557 USA;<email>karlawagner@unr.edu</email></aff><author-notes><corresp id="CR1"><label>*</label><bold>Corresponding author:</bold> Jennifer Syvertsen, PhD, MPH, Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, 4046 Smith Laboratory, 174 W. 18th Ave. Columbus, OH 43210-1106 USA, phone: +1 614-247-6815, fax: +1 614-292-4155, <email>Syvertsen.1@osu.edu</email></corresp><fn id="FN2"><p id="P1"><email>spaoha@yahoo.com</email>, <email>mamagifto@yahoo.com</email></p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>12</day><month>2</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>1</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>4</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>01</day><month>4</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><fpage>82</fpage><lpage>90</lpage><pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.01.001</pmc-comment>
<abstract><sec id="S1"><title>Background</title><p id="P2">Illegal drug markets are shaped by multiple forces, including local actors and broader economic, political, social, and criminal justice systems that intertwine to impact health and social wellbeing. Ethnographic analyses that interrogate multiple dimensions of drug markets may offer both applied and theoretical insights into drug use, particularly in developing nations where new markets and local patterns of use traditionally have not been well understood. This paper explores the emergent drug market in Kisumu, western Kenya, where our research team recently documented evidence of injection drug use.</p></sec><sec id="S2"><title>Methods</title><p id="P3">Our exploratory study of injection drug use was conducted in Kisumu from 2013-2014. We draw on 151 surveys, 29 in-depth interviews, and 8 months of ethnographic fieldwork to describe the drug market from the perspective of injectors, focusing on their perceptions of the market and reports of drug use therein.</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>Results</title><p id="P4">Injectors described a dynamic market in which the availability of drugs and proliferation of injection drug use have taken on growing importance in Kisumu. In addition to reports of white and brown forms of heroin and concerns about drug adulteration in the market, we unexpectedly documented widespread perceptions of cocaine availability and injection in Kisumu. Examining price data and socio-pharmacological experiences of cocaine injection left us with unconfirmed evidence of its existence, but opened further possibilities about how the chaos of new drug markets and diffusion of injection-related beliefs and practices may lend insight into the sociopolitical context of western Kenya.</p></sec><sec id="S4"><title>Conclusions</title><p id="P5">We suggest a need for expanded drug surveillance, education and programming responsive to local conditions, and further ethnographic inquiry into the social meanings of emergent drug markets in Kenya and across sub-Saharan Africa.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>drug markets</kwd><kwd>drug trafficking</kwd><kwd>heroin</kwd><kwd>cocaine</kwd><kwd>sub-Saharan Africa</kwd><kwd>Kenya</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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