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<titleStmt>
<title xml:lang="en">The Dynamic Relationship Between Social Support and HIV-Related Stigma in Rural Uganda</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Takada, Sae" sort="Takada, Sae" uniqKey="Takada S" first="Sae" last="Takada">Sae Takada</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Weiser, Sheri D" sort="Weiser, Sheri D" uniqKey="Weiser S" first="Sheri D." last="Weiser">Sheri D. Weiser</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kumbakumba, Elias" sort="Kumbakumba, Elias" uniqKey="Kumbakumba E" first="Elias" last="Kumbakumba">Elias Kumbakumba</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Muzoora, Conrad" sort="Muzoora, Conrad" uniqKey="Muzoora C" first="Conrad" last="Muzoora">Conrad Muzoora</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Martin, Jeffrey N" sort="Martin, Jeffrey N" uniqKey="Martin J" first="Jeffrey N." last="Martin">Jeffrey N. Martin</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hunt, Peter W" sort="Hunt, Peter W" uniqKey="Hunt P" first="Peter W." last="Hunt">Peter W. Hunt</name>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Haberer, Jessica E" sort="Haberer, Jessica E" uniqKey="Haberer J" first="Jessica E." last="Haberer">Jessica E. Haberer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kawuma, Annet" sort="Kawuma, Annet" uniqKey="Kawuma A" first="Annet" last="Kawuma">Annet Kawuma</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bangsberg, David R" sort="Bangsberg, David R" uniqKey="Bangsberg D" first="David R." last="Bangsberg">David R. Bangsberg</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tsai, Alexander C" sort="Tsai, Alexander C" uniqKey="Tsai A" first="Alexander C." last="Tsai">Alexander C. Tsai</name>
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<idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">24500077</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4104218</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4104218</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:4104218</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1007/s12160-013-9576-5</idno>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001D03</idno>
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<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The Dynamic Relationship Between Social Support and HIV-Related Stigma in Rural Uganda</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Takada, Sae" sort="Takada, Sae" uniqKey="Takada S" first="Sae" last="Takada">Sae Takada</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Weiser, Sheri D" sort="Weiser, Sheri D" uniqKey="Weiser S" first="Sheri D." last="Weiser">Sheri D. Weiser</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kumbakumba, Elias" sort="Kumbakumba, Elias" uniqKey="Kumbakumba E" first="Elias" last="Kumbakumba">Elias Kumbakumba</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Muzoora, Conrad" sort="Muzoora, Conrad" uniqKey="Muzoora C" first="Conrad" last="Muzoora">Conrad Muzoora</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Martin, Jeffrey N" sort="Martin, Jeffrey N" uniqKey="Martin J" first="Jeffrey N." last="Martin">Jeffrey N. Martin</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hunt, Peter W" sort="Hunt, Peter W" uniqKey="Hunt P" first="Peter W." last="Hunt">Peter W. Hunt</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Haberer, Jessica E" sort="Haberer, Jessica E" uniqKey="Haberer J" first="Jessica E." last="Haberer">Jessica E. Haberer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kawuma, Annet" sort="Kawuma, Annet" uniqKey="Kawuma A" first="Annet" last="Kawuma">Annet Kawuma</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bangsberg, David R" sort="Bangsberg, David R" uniqKey="Bangsberg D" first="David R." last="Bangsberg">David R. Bangsberg</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tsai, Alexander C" sort="Tsai, Alexander C" uniqKey="Tsai A" first="Alexander C." last="Tsai">Alexander C. Tsai</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0883-6612</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1532-4796</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
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<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<sec id="S1">
<title>Background</title>
<p id="P1">Cross-sectional studies show that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) stigma is negatively correlated with social support.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S2">
<title>Purpose</title>
<p id="P2">The purpose of this study is to examine the bidirectional relationship between social support and HIV stigma.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3">
<title>Methods</title>
<p id="P3">We collected quarterly data from a cohort of 422 people living with HIV in Uganda, followed for a median of 2.1 years. We used multilevel regression to model the contemporaneous and 3-month-lagged associations between social support and both enacted and internalized stigma.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4">
<title>Results</title>
<p id="P4">Lagged enacted stigma was negatively correlated with emotional and instrumental social support, and lagged instrumental social support was negatively correlated with enacted stigma. Internalized stigma and emotional social support had reciprocal lagged associations.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S5">
<title>Conclusions</title>
<p id="P5">Interventions to reduce enacted stigma may strengthen social support for people living with HIV. Improved social support may in turn have a protective influence against future enacted and internalized stigma.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article">
<pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">8510246</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">21001</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Ann Behav Med</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Ann Behav Med</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0883-6612</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1532-4796</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24500077</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4104218</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s12160-013-9576-5</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS563671</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>The Dynamic Relationship Between Social Support and HIV-Related Stigma in Rural Uganda</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
<name>
<surname>Takada</surname>
<given-names>Sae</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Ph.D., M.H.S.</degrees>
<aff id="A1">Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA</aff>
<email>takada@post.harvard.edu</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Weiser</surname>
<given-names>Sheri D.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>M.D., M.A., M.P.H.</degrees>
<aff id="A2">Division of HIV/AIDS and Positive Health Program, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kumbakumba</surname>
<given-names>Elias</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>M.D.</degrees>
<aff id="A3">Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Muzoora</surname>
<given-names>Conrad</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>M.D.</degrees>
<aff id="A4">Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Martin</surname>
<given-names>Jeffrey N.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>M.D., M.P.H.</degrees>
<aff id="A5">Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Hunt</surname>
<given-names>Peter W.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>M.D.</degrees>
<aff id="A6">Division of HIV/AIDS and Positive Health Program, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Haberer</surname>
<given-names>Jessica E.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>M.D., M.S.</degrees>
<aff id="A7">Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kawuma</surname>
<given-names>Annet</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>M.D.</degrees>
<aff id="A8">Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bangsberg</surname>
<given-names>David R.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>M.D., M.P.H.</degrees>
<aff id="A9">Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda, Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Tsai</surname>
<given-names>Alexander C.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>M.D., Ph.D.</degrees>
<aff id="A10">Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA, Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA, Chester M. Pierce MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA</aff>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted">
<day>31</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>8</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release">
<day>01</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>48</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>26</fpage>
<lpage>37</lpage>
<pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1007/s12160-013-9576-5</pmc-comment>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>© The Society of Behavioral Medicine 2013</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<sec id="S1">
<title>Background</title>
<p id="P1">Cross-sectional studies show that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) stigma is negatively correlated with social support.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S2">
<title>Purpose</title>
<p id="P2">The purpose of this study is to examine the bidirectional relationship between social support and HIV stigma.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3">
<title>Methods</title>
<p id="P3">We collected quarterly data from a cohort of 422 people living with HIV in Uganda, followed for a median of 2.1 years. We used multilevel regression to model the contemporaneous and 3-month-lagged associations between social support and both enacted and internalized stigma.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4">
<title>Results</title>
<p id="P4">Lagged enacted stigma was negatively correlated with emotional and instrumental social support, and lagged instrumental social support was negatively correlated with enacted stigma. Internalized stigma and emotional social support had reciprocal lagged associations.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S5">
<title>Conclusions</title>
<p id="P5">Interventions to reduce enacted stigma may strengthen social support for people living with HIV. Improved social support may in turn have a protective influence against future enacted and internalized stigma.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>HIV/AIDS</kwd>
<kwd>Stigma</kwd>
<kwd>Social support</kwd>
<kwd>Uganda</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>

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