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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Strong Association Between In-Migration and HIV Prevalence in Urban Sub-Saharan Africa</title><author><name sortKey="Voeten, Helene A C M" sort="Voeten, Helene A C M" uniqKey="Voeten H" first="Hélène A. C. M." last="Voeten">Hélène A. C. M. Voeten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vissers, Debby C J" sort="Vissers, Debby C J" uniqKey="Vissers D" first="Debby C. J." last="Vissers">Debby C. J. Vissers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gregson, Simon" sort="Gregson, Simon" uniqKey="Gregson S" first="Simon" last="Gregson">Simon Gregson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zaba, Basia" sort="Zaba, Basia" uniqKey="Zaba B" first="Basia" last="Zaba">Basia Zaba</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="White, Richard G" sort="White, Richard G" uniqKey="White R" first="Richard G." last="White">Richard G. White</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Vlas, Sake J" sort="De Vlas, Sake J" uniqKey="De Vlas S" first="Sake J." last="De Vlas">Sake J. De Vlas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Habbema, J Dik F" sort="Habbema, J Dik F" uniqKey="Habbema J" first="J. Dik F." last="Habbema">J. Dik F. Habbema</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">19959971</idno><idno type="pmc">3514976</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3514976</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3514976</idno><idno type="doi">10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181c3f2d0</idno><date when="2010">2010</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001B86</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001B86</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Strong Association Between In-Migration and HIV Prevalence in Urban Sub-Saharan Africa</title><author><name sortKey="Voeten, Helene A C M" sort="Voeten, Helene A C M" uniqKey="Voeten H" first="Hélène A. C. M." last="Voeten">Hélène A. C. M. Voeten</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vissers, Debby C J" sort="Vissers, Debby C J" uniqKey="Vissers D" first="Debby C. J." last="Vissers">Debby C. J. Vissers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gregson, Simon" sort="Gregson, Simon" uniqKey="Gregson S" first="Simon" last="Gregson">Simon Gregson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zaba, Basia" sort="Zaba, Basia" uniqKey="Zaba B" first="Basia" last="Zaba">Basia Zaba</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="White, Richard G" sort="White, Richard G" uniqKey="White R" first="Richard G." last="White">Richard G. White</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Vlas, Sake J" sort="De Vlas, Sake J" uniqKey="De Vlas S" first="Sake J." last="De Vlas">Sake J. De Vlas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Habbema, J Dik F" sort="Habbema, J Dik F" uniqKey="Habbema J" first="J. Dik F." last="Habbema">J. Dik F. Habbema</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Sexually transmitted diseases</title><idno type="ISSN">0148-5717</idno><idno type="eISSN">1537-4521</idno><imprint><date when="2010">2010</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="S1"><title>Background</title><p id="P1">Enormous variation exists in HIV prevalence between countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The contribution of migration to the spread of HIV has long been recognized, but its effect at the population level has never been assessed. In this ecological analysis, we explore how much variation in HIV prevalence in urban sub-Saharan Africa is explained by in-migration.</p></sec><sec id="S2"><title>Methods</title><p id="P2">We performed a linear regression to analyze the association between the proportion of recent in-migrants and HIV prevalence for men and women in urban areas, using 60 data points from 28 sub-Saharan African countries between 1987 and 2005.</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>Results</title><p id="P3">We found a strong association between recent in-migration and HIV prevalence for women (Pearson R<sup>2</sup> = 57%, <italic>P</italic> < 0.001) and men (R<sup>2</sup> = 24%, <italic>P</italic> = 0.016), taking the earliest data point for each country. For women, the association was also strong within east/southern Africa (R<sup>2</sup> = 50%, <italic>P</italic> = 0.003). For both genders, the association was strongest between 1985 and 1994, slightly weaker between 1995 and 1999, and nonexistent as from 2000. The overall association for both men and women was not confounded by the developmental indicators GNI per capita, income inequalities, or adult literacy.</p></sec><sec id="S4"><title>Conclusions</title><p id="P4">Migration explains much of the variation in HIV spread in urban areas of sub-Saharan Africa, especially before the year 2000, after which HIV prevalences started to level off in many countries. Our findings suggest that migration is an important factor in the spread of HIV, especially in rapidly increasing epidemics. This may be of relevance to the current HIV epidemics in China and India.</p></sec></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">7705941</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">7382</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Sex Transm Dis</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Sex Transm Dis</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Sexually transmitted diseases</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0148-5717</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1537-4521</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">19959971</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3514976</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181c3f2d0</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">EMS50690</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Strong Association Between In-Migration and HIV Prevalence in Urban Sub-Saharan Africa</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Voeten</surname><given-names>Hélène A. C. M.</given-names></name><degrees>PHD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vissers</surname><given-names>Debby C. J.</given-names></name><degrees>MSc</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gregson</surname><given-names>Simon</given-names></name><degrees>PHD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">†</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">‡</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zaba</surname><given-names>Basia</given-names></name><degrees>PHD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">§</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>White</surname><given-names>Richard G.</given-names></name><degrees>PHD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">§</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Vlas</surname><given-names>Sake J.</given-names></name><degrees>PHD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Habbema</surname><given-names>J. Dik F.</given-names></name><degrees>PHD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>*</label>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A2"><label>†</label>Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe</aff><aff id="A3"><label>‡</label>Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom</aff><aff id="A4"><label>§</label>Centre for Population Studies, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</aff><author-notes><corresp id="CR1">Correspondence: Hélène A. C. M. Voeten, PhD, Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands. <email>h.voeten@erasmusmc.nl</email>.</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>30</day><month>11</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>4</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>37</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>240</fpage><lpage>243</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2010 American Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association, All rights reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2010</copyright-year></permissions><abstract><sec id="S1"><title>Background</title><p id="P1">Enormous variation exists in HIV prevalence between countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The contribution of migration to the spread of HIV has long been recognized, but its effect at the population level has never been assessed. In this ecological analysis, we explore how much variation in HIV prevalence in urban sub-Saharan Africa is explained by in-migration.</p></sec><sec id="S2"><title>Methods</title><p id="P2">We performed a linear regression to analyze the association between the proportion of recent in-migrants and HIV prevalence for men and women in urban areas, using 60 data points from 28 sub-Saharan African countries between 1987 and 2005.</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>Results</title><p id="P3">We found a strong association between recent in-migration and HIV prevalence for women (Pearson R<sup>2</sup> = 57%, <italic>P</italic> < 0.001) and men (R<sup>2</sup> = 24%, <italic>P</italic> = 0.016), taking the earliest data point for each country. For women, the association was also strong within east/southern Africa (R<sup>2</sup> = 50%, <italic>P</italic> = 0.003). For both genders, the association was strongest between 1985 and 1994, slightly weaker between 1995 and 1999, and nonexistent as from 2000. The overall association for both men and women was not confounded by the developmental indicators GNI per capita, income inequalities, or adult literacy.</p></sec><sec id="S4"><title>Conclusions</title><p id="P4">Migration explains much of the variation in HIV spread in urban areas of sub-Saharan Africa, especially before the year 2000, after which HIV prevalences started to level off in many countries. Our findings suggest that migration is an important factor in the spread of HIV, especially in rapidly increasing epidemics. This may be of relevance to the current HIV epidemics in China and India.</p></sec></abstract><funding-group><award-group><funding-source country="United Kingdom">Wellcome Trust : </funding-source><award-id>084401 || WT</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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