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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Evidence of injection drug use in Kisumu, Kenya: Implications for HIV prevention</title><author><name sortKey="Syvertsen, Jennifer L" sort="Syvertsen, Jennifer L" uniqKey="Syvertsen J" first="Jennifer L." last="Syvertsen">Jennifer L. Syvertsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, 4046 Smith Laboratory, 174 W. 18th Ave. Columbus, OH 43210-1106 USA, phone: +1 614-247-6815, fax: +1 614-292-4155</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agot, Kawango" sort="Agot, Kawango" uniqKey="Agot K" first="Kawango" last="Agot">Kawango Agot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Impact Research and Development Organization, P.O. Box 9171-40141, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ohaga, Spala" sort="Ohaga, Spala" uniqKey="Ohaga S" first="Spala" last="Ohaga">Spala Ohaga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Impact Research and Development Organization, P.O. Box 9171-40141, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strathdee, Steffanie A" sort="Strathdee, Steffanie A" uniqKey="Strathdee S" first="Steffanie A." last="Strathdee">Steffanie A. Strathdee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Division of Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, Central Research Services Facility (CRSF), La Jolla, CA, 92093-0507, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camlin, Carol S" sort="Camlin, Carol S" uniqKey="Camlin C" first="Carol S." last="Camlin">Carol S. Camlin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences and Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California at San Francisco, 550 16th St., 3rd Floor [UCSF Mailcode 1224], San Francisco, CA 94158-2549 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Omanga, Eunice" sort="Omanga, Eunice" uniqKey="Omanga E" first="Eunice" last="Omanga">Eunice Omanga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Impact Research and Development Organization, P.O. Box 9171-40141, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Odonde, Petronilla" sort="Odonde, Petronilla" uniqKey="Odonde P" first="Petronilla" last="Odonde">Petronilla Odonde</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Impact Research and Development Organization, P.O. Box 9171-40141, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rota, Grace" sort="Rota, Grace" uniqKey="Rota G" first="Grace" last="Rota">Grace Rota</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 614-40100, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Akoth, Kelvin" sort="Akoth, Kelvin" uniqKey="Akoth K" first="Kelvin" last="Akoth">Kelvin Akoth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 614-40100, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peng, Juan" sort="Peng, Juan" uniqKey="Peng J" first="Juan" last="Peng">Juan Peng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, 2012 Kenny Road, Columbus, Ohio, 43221 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Karla D" sort="Wagner, Karla D" uniqKey="Wagner K" first="Karla D." last="Wagner">Karla D. Wagner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St. MS 0274, Reno, NV 89557 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25861945</idno><idno type="pmc">4447587</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447587</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4447587</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.037</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001B65</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001B65</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Evidence of injection drug use in Kisumu, Kenya: Implications for HIV prevention</title><author><name sortKey="Syvertsen, Jennifer L" sort="Syvertsen, Jennifer L" uniqKey="Syvertsen J" first="Jennifer L." last="Syvertsen">Jennifer L. Syvertsen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, 4046 Smith Laboratory, 174 W. 18th Ave. Columbus, OH 43210-1106 USA, phone: +1 614-247-6815, fax: +1 614-292-4155</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Agot, Kawango" sort="Agot, Kawango" uniqKey="Agot K" first="Kawango" last="Agot">Kawango Agot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Impact Research and Development Organization, P.O. Box 9171-40141, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ohaga, Spala" sort="Ohaga, Spala" uniqKey="Ohaga S" first="Spala" last="Ohaga">Spala Ohaga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Impact Research and Development Organization, P.O. Box 9171-40141, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strathdee, Steffanie A" sort="Strathdee, Steffanie A" uniqKey="Strathdee S" first="Steffanie A." last="Strathdee">Steffanie A. Strathdee</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Division of Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, Central Research Services Facility (CRSF), La Jolla, CA, 92093-0507, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Camlin, Carol S" sort="Camlin, Carol S" uniqKey="Camlin C" first="Carol S." last="Camlin">Carol S. Camlin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences and Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California at San Francisco, 550 16th St., 3rd Floor [UCSF Mailcode 1224], San Francisco, CA 94158-2549 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Omanga, Eunice" sort="Omanga, Eunice" uniqKey="Omanga E" first="Eunice" last="Omanga">Eunice Omanga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Impact Research and Development Organization, P.O. Box 9171-40141, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Odonde, Petronilla" sort="Odonde, Petronilla" uniqKey="Odonde P" first="Petronilla" last="Odonde">Petronilla Odonde</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Impact Research and Development Organization, P.O. Box 9171-40141, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rota, Grace" sort="Rota, Grace" uniqKey="Rota G" first="Grace" last="Rota">Grace Rota</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 614-40100, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Akoth, Kelvin" sort="Akoth, Kelvin" uniqKey="Akoth K" first="Kelvin" last="Akoth">Kelvin Akoth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 614-40100, Kisumu, Kenya</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peng, Juan" sort="Peng, Juan" uniqKey="Peng J" first="Juan" last="Peng">Juan Peng</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, 2012 Kenny Road, Columbus, Ohio, 43221 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Karla D" sort="Wagner, Karla D" uniqKey="Wagner K" first="Karla D." last="Wagner">Karla D. Wagner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St. MS 0274, Reno, NV 89557 USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Drug and alcohol dependence</title><idno type="ISSN">0376-8716</idno><idno type="eISSN">1879-0046</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="S1"><title>Background</title><p id="P1">Injection drug use is increasingly contributing to the HIV epidemic across sub-Saharan Africa. This paper provides the first descriptive analysis of injection drug use in western Kenya, where HIV prevalence is already highest in the nation at 15.1%.</p></sec><sec id="S2"><title>Methods</title><p id="P2">We draw on quantitative data from a study of injection drug use in Kisumu, Kenya. We generated descriptive statistics on socio-demographics, sexual characteristics, and drug-related behaviors. Logistic regression models were adjusted for sex to identify correlates of self-reported HIV positive status.</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>Results</title><p id="P3">Of 151 participants, mean age was 28.8 years, 84% (n=127) were male, and overall self-reported HIV prevalence reached 19.4%. Women had greater than four times the odds of being HIV positive relative to men (Odds Ratio [OR] 4.5, CI: 1.7, 11.8, p=.003). Controlling for sex, ever experiencing STI symptoms (Adjusted Odds ratio [AOR] 4.6, 95% CI 1.7, 12.0, p=.002) and sharing needles or syringes due to lack of access (AOR 3.6, 95% CI 1.2, 10.5, p=.02) were significantly associated with HIV positive status. Lower education (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 0.9, 5.6, p=.08), trading sex for drugs (AOR 2.8, 95% CI 0.9, 8.8, p=.08), being injected by a peddler (AOR 2.9, 95% CI 1.0, 8.5, p=.05), and injecting heroin (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.0, 5.7, p=.06), were marginally associated with HIV.</p></sec><sec id="S4"><title>Conclusions</title><p id="P4">This exploratory study identified patterns of unsafe drug injection and concurrent sexual risk in western Kenya, yet few resources are currently available to address addiction or injection-related harm. Expanded research, surveillance, and gender sensitive programming are needed.</p></sec></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">7513587</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">3445</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Drug Alcohol Depend</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Drug Alcohol Depend</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Drug and alcohol dependence</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0376-8716</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1879-0046</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25861945</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4447587</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.037</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS672108</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Evidence of injection drug use in Kisumu, Kenya: Implications for HIV prevention</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Syvertsen</surname><given-names>Jennifer L.</given-names></name><email>Syvertsen.1@osu.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Agot</surname><given-names>Kawango</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">b</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ohaga</surname><given-names>Spala</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">b</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Strathdee</surname><given-names>Steffanie A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">c</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Camlin</surname><given-names>Carol S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">d</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Omanga</surname><given-names>Eunice</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">b</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Odonde</surname><given-names>Petronilla</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">b</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rota</surname><given-names>Grace</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">e</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Akoth</surname><given-names>Kelvin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">e</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peng</surname><given-names>Juan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">f</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wagner</surname><given-names>Karla D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">g</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>a</label>Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, 4046 Smith Laboratory, 174 W. 18th Ave. Columbus, OH 43210-1106 USA, phone: +1 614-247-6815, fax: +1 614-292-4155</aff><aff id="A2"><label>b</label>Impact Research and Development Organization, P.O. Box 9171-40141, Kisumu, Kenya</aff><aff id="A3"><label>c</label>Division of Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, Central Research Services Facility (CRSF), La Jolla, CA, 92093-0507, USA</aff><aff id="A4"><label>d</label>Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences and Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California at San Francisco, 550 16th St., 3rd Floor [UCSF Mailcode 1224], San Francisco, CA 94158-2549 USA</aff><aff id="A5"><label>e</label>Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 614-40100, Kisumu, Kenya</aff><aff id="A6"><label>f</label>Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, 2012 Kenny Road, Columbus, Ohio, 43221 USA</aff><aff id="A7"><label>g</label>School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St. MS 0274, Reno, NV 89557 USA</aff><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>22</day><month>4</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>3</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>1</day><month>6</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>01</day><month>6</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>151</volume><fpage>262</fpage><lpage>266</lpage><pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.02.037</pmc-comment>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year></permissions><abstract><sec id="S1"><title>Background</title><p id="P1">Injection drug use is increasingly contributing to the HIV epidemic across sub-Saharan Africa. This paper provides the first descriptive analysis of injection drug use in western Kenya, where HIV prevalence is already highest in the nation at 15.1%.</p></sec><sec id="S2"><title>Methods</title><p id="P2">We draw on quantitative data from a study of injection drug use in Kisumu, Kenya. We generated descriptive statistics on socio-demographics, sexual characteristics, and drug-related behaviors. Logistic regression models were adjusted for sex to identify correlates of self-reported HIV positive status.</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>Results</title><p id="P3">Of 151 participants, mean age was 28.8 years, 84% (n=127) were male, and overall self-reported HIV prevalence reached 19.4%. Women had greater than four times the odds of being HIV positive relative to men (Odds Ratio [OR] 4.5, CI: 1.7, 11.8, p=.003). Controlling for sex, ever experiencing STI symptoms (Adjusted Odds ratio [AOR] 4.6, 95% CI 1.7, 12.0, p=.002) and sharing needles or syringes due to lack of access (AOR 3.6, 95% CI 1.2, 10.5, p=.02) were significantly associated with HIV positive status. Lower education (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 0.9, 5.6, p=.08), trading sex for drugs (AOR 2.8, 95% CI 0.9, 8.8, p=.08), being injected by a peddler (AOR 2.9, 95% CI 1.0, 8.5, p=.05), and injecting heroin (AOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.0, 5.7, p=.06), were marginally associated with HIV.</p></sec><sec id="S4"><title>Conclusions</title><p id="P4">This exploratory study identified patterns of unsafe drug injection and concurrent sexual risk in western Kenya, yet few resources are currently available to address addiction or injection-related harm. Expanded research, surveillance, and gender sensitive programming are needed.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>heroin</kwd><kwd>sub-Saharan Africa</kwd><kwd>gender</kwd><kwd>sexual risk</kwd><kwd>harm reduction</kwd><kwd>HIV interventions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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