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<title xml:lang="en">The employment environment for youth in rural South Africa: A mixed-methods study</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wilkinson, Andra" sort="Wilkinson, Andra" uniqKey="Wilkinson A" first="Andra" last="Wilkinson">Andra Wilkinson</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Carolina Population Center, 206 W. Franklin St., Room 208, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27516, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Maternal and Child Health Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB#7445 Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7445, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pettifor, Audrey" sort="Pettifor, Audrey" uniqKey="Pettifor A" first="Audrey" last="Pettifor">Audrey Pettifor</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Carolina Population Center, 206 W. Franklin St., Room 208, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27516, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB#7435, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7435, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A5">MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein 2000, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rosenberg, Molly" sort="Rosenberg, Molly" uniqKey="Rosenberg M" first="Molly" last="Rosenberg">Molly Rosenberg</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Carolina Population Center, 206 W. Franklin St., Room 208, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27516, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB#7435, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7435, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Halpern, Carolyn" sort="Halpern, Carolyn" uniqKey="Halpern C" first="Carolyn" last="Halpern">Carolyn Halpern</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Carolina Population Center, 206 W. Franklin St., Room 208, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27516, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Maternal and Child Health Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB#7445 Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7445, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Thirumurthy, Harsha" sort="Thirumurthy, Harsha" uniqKey="Thirumurthy H" first="Harsha" last="Thirumurthy">Harsha Thirumurthy</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Carolina Population Center, 206 W. Franklin St., Room 208, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27516, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB#7411 Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7411, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Collinson, Mark A" sort="Collinson, Mark A" uniqKey="Collinson M" first="Mark A." last="Collinson">Mark A. Collinson</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A5">MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein 2000, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A6">Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A7">Indepth Network, P.O. Box KD 213, Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kahn, Kathleen" sort="Kahn, Kathleen" uniqKey="Kahn K" first="Kathleen" last="Kahn">Kathleen Kahn</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A5">MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein 2000, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A6">Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A7">Indepth Network, P.O. Box KD 213, Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff>
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<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The employment environment for youth in rural South Africa: A mixed-methods study</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wilkinson, Andra" sort="Wilkinson, Andra" uniqKey="Wilkinson A" first="Andra" last="Wilkinson">Andra Wilkinson</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Carolina Population Center, 206 W. Franklin St., Room 208, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27516, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Maternal and Child Health Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB#7445 Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7445, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pettifor, Audrey" sort="Pettifor, Audrey" uniqKey="Pettifor A" first="Audrey" last="Pettifor">Audrey Pettifor</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Carolina Population Center, 206 W. Franklin St., Room 208, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27516, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB#7435, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7435, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A5">MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein 2000, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rosenberg, Molly" sort="Rosenberg, Molly" uniqKey="Rosenberg M" first="Molly" last="Rosenberg">Molly Rosenberg</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Carolina Population Center, 206 W. Franklin St., Room 208, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27516, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB#7435, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7435, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Halpern, Carolyn" sort="Halpern, Carolyn" uniqKey="Halpern C" first="Carolyn" last="Halpern">Carolyn Halpern</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Carolina Population Center, 206 W. Franklin St., Room 208, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27516, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Maternal and Child Health Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB#7445 Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7445, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Thirumurthy, Harsha" sort="Thirumurthy, Harsha" uniqKey="Thirumurthy H" first="Harsha" last="Thirumurthy">Harsha Thirumurthy</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Carolina Population Center, 206 W. Franklin St., Room 208, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27516, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB#7411 Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7411, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Collinson, Mark A" sort="Collinson, Mark A" uniqKey="Collinson M" first="Mark A." last="Collinson">Mark A. Collinson</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A5">MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein 2000, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A6">Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A7">Indepth Network, P.O. Box KD 213, Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kahn, Kathleen" sort="Kahn, Kathleen" uniqKey="Kahn K" first="Kathleen" last="Kahn">Kathleen Kahn</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A5">MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein 2000, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A6">Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A7">Indepth Network, P.O. Box KD 213, Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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<series>
<title level="j">Development Southern Africa</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0376-835X</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2017">2017</date>
</imprint>
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<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p id="P1">South Africa has high youth unemployment. This paper examines the predictors of youth employment in rural Agincourt, Mpumalanga Province. A survey of 187 out-of-school 18–24 year olds found only 12% of women and 38% of men were currently employed. Men with skills/training were significantly more likely to report employment, mostly physical labour (aOR: 4.5; CI: 1.3, 15.3). In-depth interviews with 14 of the youth revealed women are perceived more suitable for formal employment, which is scarce informing why women were more likely to pursue further education and yet less likely to be employed. Ten key informants from local organisations highlighted numerous local youth employment resources while, in contrast, all youth in the sample said no resources were available, highlighting a need for the organisations to extend their services into rural areas. As these services are focused on entrepreneurship, programs to increase financial literacy and formal employment opportunities are also needed.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<pmc article-type="research-article">
<pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">101085257</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">28605</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Dev South Afr</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Dev South Afr</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Development Southern Africa</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0376-835X</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28190915</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5300739</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1080/0376835X.2016.1259986</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS783805</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>The employment environment for youth in rural South Africa: A mixed-methods study</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Wilkinson</surname>
<given-names>Andra</given-names>
</name>
<role>PhD student</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">a</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">b</xref>
<pmc-comment>Wilkina@live.unc.edu</pmc-comment>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pettifor</surname>
<given-names>Audrey</given-names>
</name>
<role>Associate Professor and Faculty Fellow</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">a</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">c</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">f</xref>
<pmc-comment>Apettif@email.unc.edu</pmc-comment>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Rosenberg</surname>
<given-names>Molly</given-names>
</name>
<role>Bell Fellow</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">a</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">c</xref>
<xref rid="FN2" ref-type="author-notes">1</xref>
<pmc-comment>Mrosenb@hsph.harvard.edu</pmc-comment>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Halpern</surname>
<given-names>Carolyn</given-names>
</name>
<role>Professor and Chair</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">a</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">b</xref>
<pmc-comment>Carolyn_Halpern@unc.edu</pmc-comment>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Thirumurthy</surname>
<given-names>Harsha</given-names>
</name>
<role>Associate Professor and Faculty Fellow</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">a</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">e</xref>
<pmc-comment>Harsha@unc.edu</pmc-comment>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Collinson</surname>
<given-names>Mark A.</given-names>
</name>
<role>Senior Researcher</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">f</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">g</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">h</xref>
<pmc-comment>Mark@agincourt.co.za</pmc-comment>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kahn</surname>
<given-names>Kathleen</given-names>
</name>
<role>Senior Scientist and Associate Professor</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">f</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">g</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">h</xref>
<pmc-comment>Kathleen.Kahn@wits.ac.za</pmc-comment>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1">
<label>a</label>
Carolina Population Center, 206 W. Franklin St., Room 208, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27516, USA</aff>
<aff id="A2">
<label>b</label>
Department of Maternal and Child Health Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB#7445 Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7445, USA</aff>
<aff id="A3">
<label>c</label>
Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB#7435, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7435, USA</aff>
<aff id="A4">
<label>e</label>
Department of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB#7411 Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7411, USA</aff>
<aff id="A5">
<label>f</label>
MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein 2000, Johannesburg, South Africa</aff>
<aff id="A6">
<label>g</label>
Centre for Global Health Research, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden</aff>
<aff id="A7">
<label>h</label>
Indepth Network, P.O. Box KD 213, Accra, Ghana</aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="FN1">Correspondence:
<email>Wilkina@live.unc.edu</email>
</corresp>
<fn id="FN2">
<label>1</label>
<p>Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted">
<day>12</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>5</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release">
<day>09</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>34</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>17</fpage>
<lpage>32</lpage>
<pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1080/0376835X.2016.1259986</pmc-comment>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/0376835X.2016.1259986"></self-uri>
<abstract>
<p id="P1">South Africa has high youth unemployment. This paper examines the predictors of youth employment in rural Agincourt, Mpumalanga Province. A survey of 187 out-of-school 18–24 year olds found only 12% of women and 38% of men were currently employed. Men with skills/training were significantly more likely to report employment, mostly physical labour (aOR: 4.5; CI: 1.3, 15.3). In-depth interviews with 14 of the youth revealed women are perceived more suitable for formal employment, which is scarce informing why women were more likely to pursue further education and yet less likely to be employed. Ten key informants from local organisations highlighted numerous local youth employment resources while, in contrast, all youth in the sample said no resources were available, highlighting a need for the organisations to extend their services into rural areas. As these services are focused on entrepreneurship, programs to increase financial literacy and formal employment opportunities are also needed.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>youth</kwd>
<kwd>employment</kwd>
<kwd>rural</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>

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