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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Employment Status in Accra, Ghana</title><author><name sortKey="Howley, Iw" sort="Howley, Iw" uniqKey="Howley I" first="Iw" last="Howley">Iw Howley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Brown Medical School, Box G-A8355, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lartey, M" sort="Lartey, M" uniqKey="Lartey M" first="M" last="Lartey">M. Lartey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra Ghana</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Machan, J T" sort="Machan, J T" uniqKey="Machan J" first="J T" last="Machan">J T Machan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Lifespan - Rhode Island Hospital and Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Talbot, E A" sort="Talbot, E A" uniqKey="Talbot E" first="E A" last="Talbot">E A Talbot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Obo Akwa, A" sort="Obo Akwa, A" uniqKey="Obo Akwa A" first="A" last="Obo-Akwa">A. Obo-Akwa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra Ghana</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Flanigan, T P" sort="Flanigan, T P" uniqKey="Flanigan T" first="T P" last="Flanigan">T P Flanigan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kwara, A" sort="Kwara, A" uniqKey="Kwara A" first="A" last="Kwara">A. Kwara</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">21416048</idno><idno type="pmc">3052831</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3052831</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3052831</idno><date when="2010">2010</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001667</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001667</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Employment Status in Accra, Ghana</title><author><name sortKey="Howley, Iw" sort="Howley, Iw" uniqKey="Howley I" first="Iw" last="Howley">Iw Howley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Brown Medical School, Box G-A8355, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lartey, M" sort="Lartey, M" uniqKey="Lartey M" first="M" last="Lartey">M. Lartey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra Ghana</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Machan, J T" sort="Machan, J T" uniqKey="Machan J" first="J T" last="Machan">J T Machan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Lifespan - Rhode Island Hospital and Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Talbot, E A" sort="Talbot, E A" uniqKey="Talbot E" first="E A" last="Talbot">E A Talbot</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Obo Akwa, A" sort="Obo Akwa, A" uniqKey="Obo Akwa A" first="A" last="Obo-Akwa">A. Obo-Akwa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra Ghana</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Flanigan, T P" sort="Flanigan, T P" uniqKey="Flanigan T" first="T P" last="Flanigan">T P Flanigan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kwara, A" sort="Kwara, A" uniqKey="Kwara A" first="A" last="Kwara">A. Kwara</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Ghana Medical Journal</title><idno type="ISSN">0016-9560</idno><imprint><date when="2010">2010</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Summary</title><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>This study investigated the immunologic responses and employment history of highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Design</title><p>We interviewed patients and reviewed medical records to collect demographic, clinical, and employment history while on HAART. Demographic characteristics were tested as predictors of immunological response while on HAART using hierarchical linear models.</p></sec><sec><title>Setting</title><p>Fevers Unit, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana</p></sec><sec><title>Participants</title><p>Subjects comprised a convenience sample of adult HAART patients receiving therapy for at least 9 months. 270 patients were interviewed. 38 were excluded due to inadequate time on HAART or inability to locate all necessary patient information.</p></sec><sec><title>Intervention</title><p>This was an observational study. Main outcome measures: We investigated the change in CD4 cell count and weight since the initiation of therapy, and their ability to maintain or regain employment as well as the reasons for this.</p></sec><sec sec-type="results"><title>Results</title><p>The estimated mean ± standard error increase in CD4 cell count from baseline at 6, 12, and 18 months were 102 ± 5, 204 ± 11, and 236 ± 10 cells/µL, respectively. Overall, 147 patients (63.4%) reported remaining employed or obtaining new employment while on HAART. Patients who were asymptomatic at initial presentation were more likely to remain employed or returned to work while on HAART than those who were symptomatic (66.4% vs. 48.8%, P = 0.009). Most patients were employed in the informal sector, which made their economic situation particularly vulnerable to HIV-associated illness.</p></sec><sec sec-type="conclusions"><title>Conclusion</title><p>The findings suggest that patients receiving HAART experience good clinical and immunological responses as well as improvement in employment status.</p></sec></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Ghana Med J</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Ghana Medical Journal</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0016-9560</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ghana Medical Association</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21416048</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3052831</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">jGMJ.v44.i4.pg144</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Employment Status in Accra, Ghana</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Howley</surname><given-names>IW</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lartey</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Machan</surname><given-names>J T</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Talbot</surname><given-names>E A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Obo-Akwa</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Flanigan</surname><given-names>T P</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kwara</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Brown Medical School, Box G-A8355, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra Ghana</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Lifespan - Rhode Island Hospital and Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label>Department of Medicine, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States</aff><aff id="A5"><label>5</label>Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States</aff><author-notes><corresp><bold>Corresponding Author:</bold> Dr. Margaret Lartey <bold>Email:</bold><email>malart38@yahoo.com</email></corresp><fn fn-type="con"><p><bold>Conflict of Interest:</bold> None declared</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>12</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><volume>44</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>144</fpage><lpage>149</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © Ghana Medical Association 2010</copyright-statement></permissions><abstract abstract-type="executive-summary"><title>Summary</title><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>This study investigated the immunologic responses and employment history of highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Design</title><p>We interviewed patients and reviewed medical records to collect demographic, clinical, and employment history while on HAART. Demographic characteristics were tested as predictors of immunological response while on HAART using hierarchical linear models.</p></sec><sec><title>Setting</title><p>Fevers Unit, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana</p></sec><sec><title>Participants</title><p>Subjects comprised a convenience sample of adult HAART patients receiving therapy for at least 9 months. 270 patients were interviewed. 38 were excluded due to inadequate time on HAART or inability to locate all necessary patient information.</p></sec><sec><title>Intervention</title><p>This was an observational study. Main outcome measures: We investigated the change in CD4 cell count and weight since the initiation of therapy, and their ability to maintain or regain employment as well as the reasons for this.</p></sec><sec sec-type="results"><title>Results</title><p>The estimated mean ± standard error increase in CD4 cell count from baseline at 6, 12, and 18 months were 102 ± 5, 204 ± 11, and 236 ± 10 cells/µL, respectively. Overall, 147 patients (63.4%) reported remaining employed or obtaining new employment while on HAART. Patients who were asymptomatic at initial presentation were more likely to remain employed or returned to work while on HAART than those who were symptomatic (66.4% vs. 48.8%, P = 0.009). Most patients were employed in the informal sector, which made their economic situation particularly vulnerable to HIV-associated illness.</p></sec><sec sec-type="conclusions"><title>Conclusion</title><p>The findings suggest that patients receiving HAART experience good clinical and immunological responses as well as improvement in employment status.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Highly active antiretroviral therapy</kwd><kwd>employment</kwd><kwd>HIV</kwd><kwd>socioeconomic factors</kwd><kwd>Ghana</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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