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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalence and associated risk factors among postnatal women in Harare, Zimbabwe</title><author><name sortKey="Humphrey, J H" sort="Humphrey, J H" uniqKey="Humphrey J" first="J. H." last="Humphrey">J. H. Humphrey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001">Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nathoo, K J" sort="Nathoo, K J" uniqKey="Nathoo K" first="K. J." last="Nathoo">K. J. Nathoo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002">University of Zimbabwe Faculties of Medicine and Science, Harare, Zimbabwe</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hargrove, J W" sort="Hargrove, J W" uniqKey="Hargrove J" first="J. W." last="Hargrove">J. W. Hargrove</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff003">ZVITAMBO Study Group, Harare, Zimbabwe</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Iliff, P J" sort="Iliff, P J" uniqKey="Iliff P" first="P. J." last="Iliff">P. J. Iliff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002">University of Zimbabwe Faculties of Medicine and Science, Harare, Zimbabwe</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mutasa, K E" sort="Mutasa, K E" uniqKey="Mutasa K" first="K. E." last="Mutasa">K. E. Mutasa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff003">ZVITAMBO Study Group, Harare, Zimbabwe</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moulton, L H" sort="Moulton, L H" uniqKey="Moulton L" first="L. H." last="Moulton">L. H. Moulton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001">Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chidawanyika, H" sort="Chidawanyika, H" uniqKey="Chidawanyika H" first="H." last="Chidawanyika">H. Chidawanyika</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff003">ZVITAMBO Study Group, Harare, Zimbabwe</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malaba, L C" sort="Malaba, L C" uniqKey="Malaba L" first="L. C." last="Malaba">L. C. Malaba</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002">University of Zimbabwe Faculties of Medicine and Science, Harare, Zimbabwe</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zijenah, L S" sort="Zijenah, L S" uniqKey="Zijenah L" first="L. S." last="Zijenah">L. S. Zijenah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002">University of Zimbabwe Faculties of Medicine and Science, Harare, Zimbabwe</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zvandasara, P" sort="Zvandasara, P" uniqKey="Zvandasara P" first="P." last="Zvandasara">P. Zvandasara</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002">University of Zimbabwe Faculties of Medicine and Science, Harare, Zimbabwe</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ntozini, R" sort="Ntozini, R" uniqKey="Ntozini R" first="R." last="Ntozini">R. Ntozini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff003">ZVITAMBO Study Group, Harare, Zimbabwe</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zunguza, C D" sort="Zunguza, C D" uniqKey="Zunguza C" first="C. D." last="Zunguza">C. D. Zunguza</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff004">Harare City Health Department, Harare, Zimbabwe</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ward, B J" sort="Ward, B J" uniqKey="Ward B" first="B. J." last="Ward">B. J. Ward</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff005">Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">17217549</idno><idno type="pmc">2870654</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2870654</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2870654</idno><idno type="doi">10.1017/S0950268806007709</idno><date when="2007">2007</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001662</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001662</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalence and associated risk factors among postnatal women in Harare, Zimbabwe</title><author><name sortKey="Humphrey, J H" sort="Humphrey, J H" uniqKey="Humphrey J" first="J. H." last="Humphrey">J. H. Humphrey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001">Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nathoo, K J" sort="Nathoo, K J" uniqKey="Nathoo K" first="K. J." last="Nathoo">K. J. Nathoo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002">University of Zimbabwe Faculties of Medicine and Science, Harare, Zimbabwe</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hargrove, J W" sort="Hargrove, J W" uniqKey="Hargrove J" first="J. W." last="Hargrove">J. W. Hargrove</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff003">ZVITAMBO Study Group, Harare, Zimbabwe</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Iliff, P J" sort="Iliff, P J" uniqKey="Iliff P" first="P. J." last="Iliff">P. J. Iliff</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002">University of Zimbabwe Faculties of Medicine and Science, Harare, Zimbabwe</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mutasa, K E" sort="Mutasa, K E" uniqKey="Mutasa K" first="K. E." last="Mutasa">K. E. Mutasa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff003">ZVITAMBO Study Group, Harare, Zimbabwe</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moulton, L H" sort="Moulton, L H" uniqKey="Moulton L" first="L. H." last="Moulton">L. H. Moulton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff001">Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chidawanyika, H" sort="Chidawanyika, H" uniqKey="Chidawanyika H" first="H." last="Chidawanyika">H. Chidawanyika</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff003">ZVITAMBO Study Group, Harare, Zimbabwe</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malaba, L C" sort="Malaba, L C" uniqKey="Malaba L" first="L. C." last="Malaba">L. C. Malaba</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002">University of Zimbabwe Faculties of Medicine and Science, Harare, Zimbabwe</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zijenah, L S" sort="Zijenah, L S" uniqKey="Zijenah L" first="L. S." last="Zijenah">L. S. Zijenah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002">University of Zimbabwe Faculties of Medicine and Science, Harare, Zimbabwe</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zvandasara, P" sort="Zvandasara, P" uniqKey="Zvandasara P" first="P." last="Zvandasara">P. Zvandasara</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff002">University of Zimbabwe Faculties of Medicine and Science, Harare, Zimbabwe</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ntozini, R" sort="Ntozini, R" uniqKey="Ntozini R" first="R." last="Ntozini">R. Ntozini</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff003">ZVITAMBO Study Group, Harare, Zimbabwe</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zunguza, C D" sort="Zunguza, C D" uniqKey="Zunguza C" first="C. D." last="Zunguza">C. D. Zunguza</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff004">Harare City Health Department, Harare, Zimbabwe</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ward, B J" sort="Ward, B J" uniqKey="Ward B" first="B. J." last="Ward">B. J. Ward</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff005">Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Epidemiology and Infection</title><idno type="ISSN">0950-2688</idno><idno type="eISSN">1469-4409</idno><imprint><date when="2007">2007</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>SUMMARY</title><p>Studies of antenatal women form the predominant source of data on HIV-1 prevalence in Africa. Identifying factors associated with prevalent HIV is important in targeting diagnostic services and care. Between November 1997 and January 2000, 14 110 postnatal women from Harare, Zimbabwe were tested by ELISAs reactive to both HIV-1 and HIV-2; a subset of positive samples was confirmed with assays specific for HIV-1 and HIV-2. Baseline characteristics were elicited and modelled to identify risk factors for prevalent HIV infection. HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalences were 32·0% (95% CI 31·2–32·8) and 1·3% (95% CI 1·1–1·5), respectively; 4% of HIV-1-positive and 99% of HIV-2-positive women were co-infected. HIV-1 prevalence increased from 0% among 14-year-olds to >45% among women aged 29–31 years, then fell to <20% among those aged >40 years. In multivariate analyses, prevalence increased with parity, was lower in married women than in single women, divorcees and widows, and higher in women with the lowest incomes and those professing no religion. Adjusted HIV-1 prevalence increased during 1998 and decreased during 1999. Age modified the effects of parity, home ownership and parental education. Among older women, prevalence was greater for women who were not homeowners. Among younger women, prevalence increased with parity and low parental education. None of these factors distinguished women co-infected with HIV-2 from those infected with HIV-1 alone. Prevalent HIV-1 infection is associated with financial insecurity and weak psychosocial support. The ZVITAMBO study apparently spanned the peak of the HIV-1 epidemic among reproductive women in Harare.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Epidemiol Infect</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">HYG</journal-id><journal-title>Epidemiology and Infection</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0950-2688</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1469-4409</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Cambridge University Press</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Cambridge, UK</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">17217549</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2870654</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1017/S0950268806007709</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">S0950268806007709</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">00770</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalence and associated risk factors among postnatal women in Harare, Zimbabwe</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="left-running">J. H. Humphrey and others</alt-title><alt-title alt-title-type="right-running">HIV prevalence in Zimbabwe</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>HUMPHREY</surname><given-names>J. H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor001">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>NATHOO</surname><given-names>K. J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>HARGROVE</surname><given-names>J. W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>ILIFF</surname><given-names>P. J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>MUTASA</surname><given-names>K. E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>MOULTON</surname><given-names>L. H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>CHIDAWANYIKA</surname><given-names>H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>MALABA</surname><given-names>L. C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>ZIJENAH</surname><given-names>L. S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>ZVANDASARA</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>NTOZINI</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>ZUNGUZA</surname><given-names>C. D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff004">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>WARD</surname><given-names>B. J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff005">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>and the ZVITAMBO Study Group</collab><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn001">†</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff001"><label>1</label>Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA</aff><aff id="aff002"><label>2</label>University of Zimbabwe Faculties of Medicine and Science, Harare, Zimbabwe</aff><aff id="aff003"><label>3</label>ZVITAMBO Study Group, Harare, Zimbabwe</aff><aff id="aff004"><label>4</label>Harare City Health Department, Harare, Zimbabwe</aff><aff id="aff005"><label>5</label>Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor001"><label>*</label>Author for correspondence: Dr J. H. Humphrey, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Room 2043, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. (Email: <email xlink:href="jhumphrey@zvitambo.co.zw">jhumphrey@zvitambo.co.zw</email>)</corresp><fn id="fn001" fn-type="other"><label>†</label><p>Members of the ZVITAMBO Study Group are listed in the Appendix.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>8</month><year>2007</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>1</month><year>2007</year></pub-date><volume>135</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>933</fpage><lpage>942</lpage><history><date date-type="accepted"><day>11</day><month>10</month><year>2006</year></date></history><copyright-statement>© Cambridge University Press 2007</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2007</copyright-year><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="S0950268806007709a.pdf"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="normal"><title>SUMMARY</title><p>Studies of antenatal women form the predominant source of data on HIV-1 prevalence in Africa. Identifying factors associated with prevalent HIV is important in targeting diagnostic services and care. Between November 1997 and January 2000, 14 110 postnatal women from Harare, Zimbabwe were tested by ELISAs reactive to both HIV-1 and HIV-2; a subset of positive samples was confirmed with assays specific for HIV-1 and HIV-2. Baseline characteristics were elicited and modelled to identify risk factors for prevalent HIV infection. HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalences were 32·0% (95% CI 31·2–32·8) and 1·3% (95% CI 1·1–1·5), respectively; 4% of HIV-1-positive and 99% of HIV-2-positive women were co-infected. HIV-1 prevalence increased from 0% among 14-year-olds to >45% among women aged 29–31 years, then fell to <20% among those aged >40 years. In multivariate analyses, prevalence increased with parity, was lower in married women than in single women, divorcees and widows, and higher in women with the lowest incomes and those professing no religion. Adjusted HIV-1 prevalence increased during 1998 and decreased during 1999. Age modified the effects of parity, home ownership and parental education. Among older women, prevalence was greater for women who were not homeowners. Among younger women, prevalence increased with parity and low parental education. None of these factors distinguished women co-infected with HIV-2 from those infected with HIV-1 alone. Prevalent HIV-1 infection is associated with financial insecurity and weak psychosocial support. The ZVITAMBO study apparently spanned the peak of the HIV-1 epidemic among reproductive women in Harare.</p></abstract><counts><page-count count="10"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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