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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Early Warning Indicators for First-Line Virologic Failure Independent of Adherence Measures in a South African Urban Clinic</title><author><name sortKey="Marconi, Vincent C" sort="Marconi, Vincent C" uniqKey="Marconi V" first="Vincent C." last="Marconi">Vincent C. Marconi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Baohua" sort="Wu, Baohua" uniqKey="Wu B" first="Baohua" last="Wu">Baohua Wu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hampton, Jane" sort="Hampton, Jane" uniqKey="Hampton J" first="Jane" last="Hampton">Jane Hampton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ord Ez, Claudia E" sort="Ord Ez, Claudia E" uniqKey="Ord Ez C" first="Claudia E." last="Ord Ez">Claudia E. Ord Ez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Brent A" sort="Johnson, Brent A" uniqKey="Johnson B" first="Brent A." last="Johnson">Brent A. Johnson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, Dinesh" sort="Singh, Dinesh" uniqKey="Singh D" first="Dinesh" last="Singh">Dinesh Singh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="John, Sally" sort="John, Sally" uniqKey="John S" first="Sally" last="John">Sally John</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gordon, Michelle" sort="Gordon, Michelle" uniqKey="Gordon M" first="Michelle" last="Gordon">Michelle Gordon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hare, Anna" sort="Hare, Anna" uniqKey="Hare A" first="Anna" last="Hare">Anna Hare</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murphy, Richard" sort="Murphy, Richard" uniqKey="Murphy R" first="Richard" last="Murphy">Richard Murphy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nachega, Jean" sort="Nachega, Jean" uniqKey="Nachega J" first="Jean" last="Nachega">Jean Nachega</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuritzkes, Daniel R" sort="Kuritzkes, Daniel R" uniqKey="Kuritzkes D" first="Daniel R." last="Kuritzkes">Daniel R. Kuritzkes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Del Rio, Carlos" sort="Del Rio, Carlos" uniqKey="Del Rio C" first="Carlos" last="Del Rio">Carlos Del Rio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sunpath, Henry" sort="Sunpath, Henry" uniqKey="Sunpath H" first="Henry" last="Sunpath">Henry Sunpath</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24320011</idno><idno type="pmc">3868291</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3868291</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3868291</idno><idno type="doi">10.1089/apc.2013.0263</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001486</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001486</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Early Warning Indicators for First-Line Virologic Failure Independent of Adherence Measures in a South African Urban Clinic</title><author><name sortKey="Marconi, Vincent C" sort="Marconi, Vincent C" uniqKey="Marconi V" first="Vincent C." last="Marconi">Vincent C. Marconi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Baohua" sort="Wu, Baohua" uniqKey="Wu B" first="Baohua" last="Wu">Baohua Wu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hampton, Jane" sort="Hampton, Jane" uniqKey="Hampton J" first="Jane" last="Hampton">Jane Hampton</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ord Ez, Claudia E" sort="Ord Ez, Claudia E" uniqKey="Ord Ez C" first="Claudia E." last="Ord Ez">Claudia E. Ord Ez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Brent A" sort="Johnson, Brent A" uniqKey="Johnson B" first="Brent A." last="Johnson">Brent A. Johnson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Singh, Dinesh" sort="Singh, Dinesh" uniqKey="Singh D" first="Dinesh" last="Singh">Dinesh Singh</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="John, Sally" sort="John, Sally" uniqKey="John S" first="Sally" last="John">Sally John</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gordon, Michelle" sort="Gordon, Michelle" uniqKey="Gordon M" first="Michelle" last="Gordon">Michelle Gordon</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hare, Anna" sort="Hare, Anna" uniqKey="Hare A" first="Anna" last="Hare">Anna Hare</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Murphy, Richard" sort="Murphy, Richard" uniqKey="Murphy R" first="Richard" last="Murphy">Richard Murphy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nachega, Jean" sort="Nachega, Jean" uniqKey="Nachega J" first="Jean" last="Nachega">Jean Nachega</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff9"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuritzkes, Daniel R" sort="Kuritzkes, Daniel R" uniqKey="Kuritzkes D" first="Daniel R." last="Kuritzkes">Daniel R. Kuritzkes</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff10"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Del Rio, Carlos" sort="Del Rio, Carlos" uniqKey="Del Rio C" first="Carlos" last="Del Rio">Carlos Del Rio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sunpath, Henry" sort="Sunpath, Henry" uniqKey="Sunpath H" first="Henry" last="Sunpath">Henry Sunpath</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"></nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">AIDS Patient Care and STDs</title><idno type="ISSN">1087-2914</idno><idno type="eISSN">1557-7449</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Abstract</title><p>We sought to develop individual-level Early Warning Indicators (EWI) of virologic failure (VF) for clinicians to use during routine care complementing WHO population-level EWI. A case-control study was conducted at a Durban clinic. Patients after≥5 months of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) were defined as cases if they had VF [HIV-1 viral load (VL)>1000 copies/mL] and controls (2:1) if they had VL≤1000 copies/mL. Pharmacy refills and pill counts were used as adherence measures. Participants responded to a questionnaire including validated psychosocial and symptom scales. Data were also collected from the medical record. Multivariable logistic regression models of VF included factors associated with VF (<italic>p</italic><0.05) in univariable analyses. We enrolled 158 cases and 300 controls. In the final multivariable model, male gender, not having an active religious faith, practicing unsafe sex, having a family member with HIV, not being pleased with the clinic experience, symptoms of depression, fatigue, or rash, low CD4 counts, family recommending HIV care, and using a TV/radio as ART reminders (compared to mobile phones) were associated with VF independent of adherence measures. In this setting, we identified several key individual-level EWI associated with VF including novel psychosocial factors independent of adherence measures.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">AIDS Patient Care STDS</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">AIDS Patient Care STDS</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">apc</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>AIDS Patient Care and STDs</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1087-2914</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1557-7449</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.</publisher-name><publisher-loc>140 Huguenot Street, 3rd FloorNew Rochelle, NY 10801USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24320011</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3868291</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10.1089/apc.2013.0263</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1089/apc.2013.0263</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Clinical and Epidemiologic Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Early Warning Indicators for First-Line Virologic Failure Independent of Adherence Measures in a South African Urban Clinic</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Marconi</surname><given-names>Vincent C.</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1,</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2,</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wu</surname><given-names>Baohua</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hampton</surname><given-names>Jane</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ordóñez</surname><given-names>Claudia E.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Johnson</surname><given-names>Brent A.</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Singh</surname><given-names>Dinesh</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>John</surname><given-names>Sally</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gordon</surname><given-names>Michelle</given-names></name><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hare</surname><given-names>Anna</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Murphy</surname><given-names>Richard</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nachega</surname><given-names>Jean</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>7,</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>8,</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>9</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kuritzkes</surname><given-names>Daniel R.</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>10</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>del Rio</surname><given-names>Carlos</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1,</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sunpath</surname><given-names>Henry</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4,</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><label><sup>1</sup></label>Department of Medicine/Infectious Disease, School of Medicine,<institution>Emory University</institution>, Atlanta,<country>Georgia</country>.</aff><aff id="aff2"><label><sup>2</sup></label>Rollins School of Public Health,<institution>Emory University</institution>, Atlanta,<country>Georgia</country>.</aff><aff id="aff3"><label><sup>3</sup></label><institution>Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center</institution>, Atlanta,<country>Georgia</country>.</aff><aff id="aff4"><label><sup>4</sup></label><institution>McCord Hospital</institution>, Durban,<country>South Africa</country>.</aff><aff id="aff5"><label><sup>5</sup></label><institution>Nelson Mandela School of Medicine</institution>, Durban,<country>South Africa</country>.</aff><aff id="aff6"><label><sup>6</sup></label><institution>Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Medical Unit</institution>, Doctors Without Borders, New York, New York.</aff><aff id="aff7"><label><sup>7</sup></label>Department of Epidemiology,<institution>Pittsburgh University Graduate School of Public Health</institution>, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.</aff><aff id="aff8"><label><sup>8</sup></label>Departments of Epidemiology and International Health,<institution>Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health</institution>, Baltimore, Maryland.</aff><aff id="aff9"><label><sup>9</sup></label>Department of Medicine and Centre for Infectious Diseases,<institution>Stellenbosch University</institution>, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Cape Town,<country>South Africa</country>.</aff><aff id="aff10"><label><sup>10</sup></label>Section of Retroviral Therapeutics,<institution>Brigham and Women's Hospital</institution>, Boston, Massachusetts.</aff><aff id="aff11"><label><sup>11</sup></label>South Africa Resistance Cohort Study Team Group Authors included Helga Holst and Phacia Ngubane,<sup>4</sup> and Rachel Kearns and Peng Wu.<sup>2</sup></aff></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="collab"><collab>South Africa Resistance Cohort Study Team Group Authors</collab><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"><sup>11</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><author-notes><fn id="fn1" fn-type="other"><p>These data were presented at the 20<sup>th</sup> Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, March 3–6, 2013.</p></fn><corresp><addr-line><italic>Address correspondence to:</italic></addr-line><addr-line><italic>Vincent C. Marconi, M.D.</italic></addr-line><addr-line><italic>Department of Medicine/Infectious Disease</italic></addr-line><institution><italic>Emory University School of Medicine</italic></institution><addr-line><italic>341 Ponce de Leon Avenue</italic></addr-line><addr-line><italic>Atlanta, GA, 30308</italic></addr-line><italic>E-mail:</italic><email xlink:href="mailto:vcmarco@emory.edu">vcmarco@emory.edu</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>657</fpage><lpage>668</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright 2013, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="apc.2013.0263.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><title>Abstract</title><p>We sought to develop individual-level Early Warning Indicators (EWI) of virologic failure (VF) for clinicians to use during routine care complementing WHO population-level EWI. A case-control study was conducted at a Durban clinic. Patients after≥5 months of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) were defined as cases if they had VF [HIV-1 viral load (VL)>1000 copies/mL] and controls (2:1) if they had VL≤1000 copies/mL. Pharmacy refills and pill counts were used as adherence measures. Participants responded to a questionnaire including validated psychosocial and symptom scales. Data were also collected from the medical record. Multivariable logistic regression models of VF included factors associated with VF (<italic>p</italic><0.05) in univariable analyses. We enrolled 158 cases and 300 controls. In the final multivariable model, male gender, not having an active religious faith, practicing unsafe sex, having a family member with HIV, not being pleased with the clinic experience, symptoms of depression, fatigue, or rash, low CD4 counts, family recommending HIV care, and using a TV/radio as ART reminders (compared to mobile phones) were associated with VF independent of adherence measures. In this setting, we identified several key individual-level EWI associated with VF including novel psychosocial factors independent of adherence measures.</p></abstract><counts><fig-count count="3"></fig-count><table-count count="4"></table-count><ref-count count="74"></ref-count><page-count count="12"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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