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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Seroprevalence of and risk factors for HIV‐1 infection among female commercial sex workers in South America</title><author><name sortKey="Bautista, C T" sort="Bautista, C T" uniqKey="Bautista C" first="C T" last="Bautista">C T Bautista</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez, J L" sort="Sanchez, J L" uniqKey="Sanchez J" first="J L" last="Sanchez">J L Sanchez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Montano, S M" sort="Montano, S M" uniqKey="Montano S" first="S M" last="Montano">S M Montano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laguna Orres, A" sort="Laguna Orres, A" uniqKey="Laguna Orres A" first="A" last="Laguna-Torres">A. Laguna-Torres</name></author><author><name sortKey="Suarez, L" sort="Suarez, L" uniqKey="Suarez L" first="L" last="Suarez">L. Suarez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez, J" sort="Sanchez, J" uniqKey="Sanchez J" first="J" last="Sanchez">J. Sanchez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Campos, P" sort="Campos, P" uniqKey="Campos P" first="P" last="Campos">P. Campos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gallardo, C" sort="Gallardo, C" uniqKey="Gallardo C" first="C" last="Gallardo">C. Gallardo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mosquera, C" sort="Mosquera, C" uniqKey="Mosquera C" first="C" last="Mosquera">C. Mosquera</name></author><author><name sortKey="Villafane, M" sort="Villafane, M" uniqKey="Villafane M" first="M" last="Villafane">M. Villafane</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aguayo, N" sort="Aguayo, N" uniqKey="Aguayo N" first="N" last="Aguayo">N. Aguayo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Avila, M M" sort="Avila, M M" uniqKey="Avila M" first="M M" last="Avila">M M Avila</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weissenbacher, M" sort="Weissenbacher, M" uniqKey="Weissenbacher M" first="M" last="Weissenbacher">M. Weissenbacher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ramirez, E" sort="Ramirez, E" uniqKey="Ramirez E" first="E" last="Ramirez">E. Ramirez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Child, R" sort="Child, R" uniqKey="Child R" first="R" last="Child">R. Child</name></author><author><name sortKey="Serra, M" sort="Serra, M" uniqKey="Serra M" first="M" last="Serra">M. Serra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aponte, C" sort="Aponte, C" uniqKey="Aponte C" first="C" last="Aponte">C. Aponte</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mejia, A" sort="Mejia, A" uniqKey="Mejia A" first="A" last="Mejia">A. Mejia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Velazques, N" sort="Velazques, N" uniqKey="Velazques N" first="N" last="Velazques">N. Velazques</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gianella, A" sort="Gianella, A" uniqKey="Gianella A" first="A" last="Gianella">A. Gianella</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perez, J" sort="Perez, J" uniqKey="Perez J" first="J" last="Perez">J. Perez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Olson, J G" sort="Olson, J G" uniqKey="Olson J" first="J G" last="Olson">J G Olson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carr, J K" sort="Carr, J K" uniqKey="Carr J" first="J K" last="Carr">J K Carr</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">16877581</idno><idno type="pmc">2564717</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2564717</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:2564717</idno><idno type="doi">10.1136/sti.2005.018234</idno><date when="2006">2006</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000C16</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000C16</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Seroprevalence of and risk factors for HIV‐1 infection among female commercial sex workers in South America</title><author><name sortKey="Bautista, C T" sort="Bautista, C T" uniqKey="Bautista C" first="C T" last="Bautista">C T Bautista</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez, J L" sort="Sanchez, J L" uniqKey="Sanchez J" first="J L" last="Sanchez">J L Sanchez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Montano, S M" sort="Montano, S M" uniqKey="Montano S" first="S M" last="Montano">S M Montano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laguna Orres, A" sort="Laguna Orres, A" uniqKey="Laguna Orres A" first="A" last="Laguna-Torres">A. Laguna-Torres</name></author><author><name sortKey="Suarez, L" sort="Suarez, L" uniqKey="Suarez L" first="L" last="Suarez">L. Suarez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez, J" sort="Sanchez, J" uniqKey="Sanchez J" first="J" last="Sanchez">J. Sanchez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Campos, P" sort="Campos, P" uniqKey="Campos P" first="P" last="Campos">P. Campos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gallardo, C" sort="Gallardo, C" uniqKey="Gallardo C" first="C" last="Gallardo">C. Gallardo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mosquera, C" sort="Mosquera, C" uniqKey="Mosquera C" first="C" last="Mosquera">C. Mosquera</name></author><author><name sortKey="Villafane, M" sort="Villafane, M" uniqKey="Villafane M" first="M" last="Villafane">M. Villafane</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aguayo, N" sort="Aguayo, N" uniqKey="Aguayo N" first="N" last="Aguayo">N. Aguayo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Avila, M M" sort="Avila, M M" uniqKey="Avila M" first="M M" last="Avila">M M Avila</name></author><author><name sortKey="Weissenbacher, M" sort="Weissenbacher, M" uniqKey="Weissenbacher M" first="M" last="Weissenbacher">M. Weissenbacher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ramirez, E" sort="Ramirez, E" uniqKey="Ramirez E" first="E" last="Ramirez">E. Ramirez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Child, R" sort="Child, R" uniqKey="Child R" first="R" last="Child">R. Child</name></author><author><name sortKey="Serra, M" sort="Serra, M" uniqKey="Serra M" first="M" last="Serra">M. Serra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aponte, C" sort="Aponte, C" uniqKey="Aponte C" first="C" last="Aponte">C. Aponte</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mejia, A" sort="Mejia, A" uniqKey="Mejia A" first="A" last="Mejia">A. Mejia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Velazques, N" sort="Velazques, N" uniqKey="Velazques N" first="N" last="Velazques">N. Velazques</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gianella, A" sort="Gianella, A" uniqKey="Gianella A" first="A" last="Gianella">A. Gianella</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perez, J" sort="Perez, J" uniqKey="Perez J" first="J" last="Perez">J. Perez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Olson, J G" sort="Olson, J G" uniqKey="Olson J" first="J G" last="Olson">J G Olson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carr, J K" sort="Carr, J K" uniqKey="Carr J" first="J K" last="Carr">J K Carr</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Sexually Transmitted Infections</title><idno type="ISSN">1368-4973</idno><idno type="eISSN">1472-3263</idno><imprint><date when="2006">2006</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Assessment of HIV prevalence and associated risk behaviours among female commercial sex workers (FCSW) across major cities in South America.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Seroepidemiological, cross sectional studies of 13 600 FCSW were conducted in nine countries of South America during the years 1999–2002. Participants were recruited in brothels, massage parlours, hotels, and streets where anonymous questionnaires and blood samples were collected. HIV infection was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening and western blot confirmatory tests.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The overall HIV seroprevalence was 1.2% (range 0.0%–4.5%). The highest HIV seroprevalences were reported in Argentina (4.5%) and Paraguay (2.6%); no HIV infected FCSW were detected in Venezuela and Chile. Consistent predictors of HIV seropositivity were: (1) a previous history of sexually transmitted infections (STI, AORs = 3.8–8.3), and (2) 10 years or more in commercial sex work (AORs = 2.2–24.8). In addition, multiple (⩾3) sexual contacts (AOR = 5.0), sex with foreigners (AOR = 6.9), use of illegal drugs (AOR = 3.2), and marijuana use (AOR = 8.2) were associated with HIV seropositivity in Southern Cone countries.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Consistently low HIV seroprevalences were detected among FCSW in South America, particularly in the Andean region. Predictors of HIV infection across the continent were STI and length of commercial sex work; however, use of illegal drugs, especially marijuana, and sexual contacts with foreigners were also found to be associated risk factors in the Southern Cone region. Interventions for the control of HIV and other STI need to be region and country specific; drug use appears to have an ever increasing role in the spread of HIV among heterosexually active populations.</p></sec></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Sex Transm Infect</journal-id><journal-title>Sexually Transmitted Infections</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">1368-4973</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1472-3263</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BMJ Group</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">16877581</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2564717</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">st18234</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/sti.2005.018234</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Public Health</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Seroprevalence of and risk factors for HIV‐1 infection among female commercial sex workers in South America</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bautista</surname><given-names>C T</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sanchez</surname><given-names>J L</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Montano</surname><given-names>S M</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Laguna‐Torres</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Suarez</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sanchez</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Campos</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gallardo</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mosquera</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Villafane</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Aguayo</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Avila</surname><given-names>M M</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Weissenbacher</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ramirez</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Child</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Serra</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Aponte</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mejia</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Velazques</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gianella</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Perez</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Olson</surname><given-names>J G</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Carr</surname><given-names>J K</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><aff><bold>C T Bautista</bold>,<bold>J L Sanchez</bold>,<bold>J K Carr</bold>, US Military HIV Research Program at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Division of Retrovirology, the Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement Military Medicine, Inc, Rockville, MD, USA</aff><aff><bold>S M Montano</bold>,<bold>A Laguna‐Torres</bold>,<bold>J Perez</bold>,<bold>J G Olson</bold>, US Naval Medical Research Center Detachment‐Lima, Peru</aff><aff><bold>L Suarez</bold>, Oficina General de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud, Lima, Peru</aff><aff><bold>J Sanchez</bold>, Asociación Civil Impacta Salud y Educación, Lima, Peru</aff><aff><bold>P Campos</bold>, Programa de Control de Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual y Sida, Ministerio de Salud, Lima, Peru</aff><aff><bold>C Gallardo</bold>, Fundacion Esperanza, Quito, Ecuador</aff><aff><bold>C Mosquera</bold>, Instituto Nacional de Higiene y Medicina Tropical “Leopoldo Izquieta Perez”, Guayaquil, Ecuador</aff><aff><bold>M Villafane</bold>,<bold>N Aguayo</bold>, Programa Nacional de Prevención y Control del VIH/SIDA, Ministerio de Salud, Asunción, Paraguay</aff><aff><bold>M M Avila</bold>,<bold>M Weissenbacher</bold>, Centro Nacional de Referencia de SIDA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina</aff><aff><bold>E Ramirez</bold>, Laboratorios de Salud, Instituto de Salud Publica, Santiago, Chile</aff><aff><bold>R Child</bold>, Comisión Nacional de SIDA, Santiago, Chile</aff><aff><bold>M Serra</bold>, Programa Nacional de Prevención y Control del VIH/SIDA, Ministerio de Salud, Montevideo, Uruguay</aff><aff><bold>C Aponte</bold>, Instituto Nacional de Higiene de Venezuela “Rafael Range”, Caracas, Venezuela</aff><aff><bold>A Mejia</bold>, Instituto Nacional de de Salud, Bogota, Colombia</aff><aff><bold>N Velazques</bold>,<bold>A Gianella</bold>, Centro Nacional de Enfermedades Tropicales, Santa Cruz, Bolivia</aff><author-notes><corresp>Correspondence to: Christian T Bautista<break></break>MS, US Military HIV Research Program at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, and the Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement Military Medicine, Inc, 1 Taft Court, Suite 250, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; cbautista@hivresearch.org</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>8</month><year>2006</year></pub-date><volume>82</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>311</fpage><lpage>316</lpage><history><date date-type="accepted"><day>16</day><month>11</month><year>2005</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright ©2006 BMJ Publishing Group.</copyright-statement></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Assessment of HIV prevalence and associated risk behaviours among female commercial sex workers (FCSW) across major cities in South America.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Seroepidemiological, cross sectional studies of 13 600 FCSW were conducted in nine countries of South America during the years 1999–2002. Participants were recruited in brothels, massage parlours, hotels, and streets where anonymous questionnaires and blood samples were collected. HIV infection was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening and western blot confirmatory tests.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The overall HIV seroprevalence was 1.2% (range 0.0%–4.5%). The highest HIV seroprevalences were reported in Argentina (4.5%) and Paraguay (2.6%); no HIV infected FCSW were detected in Venezuela and Chile. Consistent predictors of HIV seropositivity were: (1) a previous history of sexually transmitted infections (STI, AORs = 3.8–8.3), and (2) 10 years or more in commercial sex work (AORs = 2.2–24.8). In addition, multiple (⩾3) sexual contacts (AOR = 5.0), sex with foreigners (AOR = 6.9), use of illegal drugs (AOR = 3.2), and marijuana use (AOR = 8.2) were associated with HIV seropositivity in Southern Cone countries.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Consistently low HIV seroprevalences were detected among FCSW in South America, particularly in the Andean region. Predictors of HIV infection across the continent were STI and length of commercial sex work; however, use of illegal drugs, especially marijuana, and sexual contacts with foreigners were also found to be associated risk factors in the Southern Cone region. Interventions for the control of HIV and other STI need to be region and country specific; drug use appears to have an ever increasing role in the spread of HIV among heterosexually active populations.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>HIV</kwd><kwd>prevalence</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>South America</kwd><kwd>female</kwd><kwd>sex workers</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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