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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">High Prevalence of Markers for Sulfadoxine and Pyrimethamine Resistance in <italic>Plasmodium falciparum</italic> in the Absence of Drug Pressure in the Ashanti Region of Ghana</title><author><name sortKey="Marks, Florian" sort="Marks, Florian" uniqKey="Marks F" first="Florian" last="Marks">Florian Marks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Evans, Jennifer" sort="Evans, Jennifer" uniqKey="Evans J" first="Jennifer" last="Evans">Jennifer Evans</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, Christian G" sort="Meyer, Christian G" uniqKey="Meyer C" first="Christian G." last="Meyer">Christian G. Meyer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Browne, Edmund N" sort="Browne, Edmund N" uniqKey="Browne E" first="Edmund N." last="Browne">Edmund N. Browne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Flessner, Christa" sort="Flessner, Christa" uniqKey="Flessner C" first="Christa" last="Flessner">Christa Flessner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Von Kalckreuth, Vera" sort="Von Kalckreuth, Vera" uniqKey="Von Kalckreuth V" first="Vera" last="Von Kalckreuth">Vera Von Kalckreuth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eggelte, Teunis A" sort="Eggelte, Teunis A" uniqKey="Eggelte T" first="Teunis A." last="Eggelte">Teunis A. Eggelte</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Horstmann, Rolf D" sort="Horstmann, Rolf D" uniqKey="Horstmann R" first="Rolf D." last="Horstmann">Rolf D. Horstmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="May, Jurgen" sort="May, Jurgen" uniqKey="May J" first="Jürgen" last="May">Jürgen May</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">15728909</idno><idno type="pmc">549270</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC549270</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:549270</idno><idno type="doi">10.1128/AAC.49.3.1101-1105.2005</idno><date when="2005">2005</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000B13</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000B13</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">High Prevalence of Markers for Sulfadoxine and Pyrimethamine Resistance in <italic>Plasmodium falciparum</italic> in the Absence of Drug Pressure in the Ashanti Region of Ghana</title><author><name sortKey="Marks, Florian" sort="Marks, Florian" uniqKey="Marks F" first="Florian" last="Marks">Florian Marks</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Evans, Jennifer" sort="Evans, Jennifer" uniqKey="Evans J" first="Jennifer" last="Evans">Jennifer Evans</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, Christian G" sort="Meyer, Christian G" uniqKey="Meyer C" first="Christian G." last="Meyer">Christian G. Meyer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Browne, Edmund N" sort="Browne, Edmund N" uniqKey="Browne E" first="Edmund N." last="Browne">Edmund N. Browne</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Flessner, Christa" sort="Flessner, Christa" uniqKey="Flessner C" first="Christa" last="Flessner">Christa Flessner</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Von Kalckreuth, Vera" sort="Von Kalckreuth, Vera" uniqKey="Von Kalckreuth V" first="Vera" last="Von Kalckreuth">Vera Von Kalckreuth</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eggelte, Teunis A" sort="Eggelte, Teunis A" uniqKey="Eggelte T" first="Teunis A." last="Eggelte">Teunis A. Eggelte</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Horstmann, Rolf D" sort="Horstmann, Rolf D" uniqKey="Horstmann R" first="Rolf D." last="Horstmann">Rolf D. Horstmann</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="May, Jurgen" sort="May, Jurgen" uniqKey="May J" first="Jürgen" last="May">Jürgen May</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy</title><idno type="ISSN">0066-4804</idno><idno type="eISSN">1098-6596</idno><imprint><date when="2005">2005</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Markers of <italic>Plasmodium falciparum</italic> resistance to chloroquine (CQ) and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (PYR-SDX) are widespread in areas where malaria is endemic. In an area where the use PYR-SDX is negligible, the Ashanti Region of Ghana, West Africa, adult individuals were enrolled in an analysis of CQ- and PYR-SDX-associated molecular resistance markers in 2001 (<italic>n</italic> = 177) and 2003 (<italic>n</italic> = 180). Parasite prevalence, as assessed by PCR assays, were 56.5 and 48.8% in 2001 and 2003, respectively. A high frequency of CQ, PYR, and SDX resistance markers was observed, whereby, as a weak trend, the frequency was higher in 2003. The quintuple combination of three <italic>pfdhfr</italic> mutations and two <italic>pfdhps</italic> mutations has previously been recognized to be the most important determinant of PYR-SDX resistance. Approximately 60% of parasite carriers harbored fourfold mutated parasites, indicative of a considerable risk for a switch to high-level PYR-SDX resistance in an area where the rate of PYR-SDX use is low. Among the factors contributing to the high frequency of PYR-SDX resistance-associated mutations are background use of PYR-SDX, past use of PYR for malaria prophylaxis, cross-resistance of trimethoprim with PYR, and the sufficient biological fitness of resistant parasites in the absence of drug pressure.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Antimicrob Agents Chemother</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">aac</journal-id><journal-title>Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0066-4804</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1098-6596</issn><publisher><publisher-name>American Society for Microbiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">15728909</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">549270</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">0924-04</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1128/AAC.49.3.1101-1105.2005</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Mechanisms of Resistance</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>High Prevalence of Markers for Sulfadoxine and Pyrimethamine Resistance in <italic>Plasmodium falciparum</italic> in the Absence of Drug Pressure in the Ashanti Region of Ghana</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Marks</surname><given-names>Florian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Evans</surname><given-names>Jennifer</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Meyer</surname><given-names>Christian G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Browne</surname><given-names>Edmund N.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Flessner</surname><given-names>Christa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>von Kalckreuth</surname><given-names>Vera</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Eggelte</surname><given-names>Teunis A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Horstmann</surname><given-names>Rolf D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>May</surname><given-names>Jürgen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1">Department of Molecular Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany,<label>1</label> Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine,<label>2</label> Department of Community Health, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana,<label>3</label> Division of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Medicine & AIDS, Academic Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands<label>4</label></aff><author-notes><fn id="cor1"><label>*</label><p>Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Str. 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany. Phone: 49 40 42818-369. Fax: 49 40 42818-512. E-mail: <email>may@bni.uni-hamburg.de</email>.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>3</month><year>2005</year></pub-date><volume>49</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>1101</fpage><lpage>1105</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>30</day><month>7</month><year>2004</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>21</day><month>9</month><year>2004</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>26</day><month>10</month><year>2004</year></date></history><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2005</copyright-year><abstract><p>Markers of <italic>Plasmodium falciparum</italic> resistance to chloroquine (CQ) and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (PYR-SDX) are widespread in areas where malaria is endemic. In an area where the use PYR-SDX is negligible, the Ashanti Region of Ghana, West Africa, adult individuals were enrolled in an analysis of CQ- and PYR-SDX-associated molecular resistance markers in 2001 (<italic>n</italic> = 177) and 2003 (<italic>n</italic> = 180). Parasite prevalence, as assessed by PCR assays, were 56.5 and 48.8% in 2001 and 2003, respectively. A high frequency of CQ, PYR, and SDX resistance markers was observed, whereby, as a weak trend, the frequency was higher in 2003. The quintuple combination of three <italic>pfdhfr</italic> mutations and two <italic>pfdhps</italic> mutations has previously been recognized to be the most important determinant of PYR-SDX resistance. Approximately 60% of parasite carriers harbored fourfold mutated parasites, indicative of a considerable risk for a switch to high-level PYR-SDX resistance in an area where the rate of PYR-SDX use is low. Among the factors contributing to the high frequency of PYR-SDX resistance-associated mutations are background use of PYR-SDX, past use of PYR for malaria prophylaxis, cross-resistance of trimethoprim with PYR, and the sufficient biological fitness of resistant parasites in the absence of drug pressure.</p></abstract></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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