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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Plasma Micronutrient Concentrations Are Altered by Antiretroviral Therapy and Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements in Lactating HIV-Infected Malawian Women<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn3"><sup>3</sup></xref></title><author><name sortKey="Flax, Valerie L" sort="Flax, Valerie L" uniqKey="Flax V" first="Valerie L" last="Flax">Valerie L. Flax</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Carolina Population Center,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Gillings School of Global Public Health,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adair, Linda S" sort="Adair, Linda S" uniqKey="Adair L" first="Linda S" last="Adair">Linda S. Adair</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Carolina Population Center,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Gillings School of Global Public Health,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Allen, Lindsay H" sort="Allen, Lindsay H" uniqKey="Allen L" first="Lindsay H" last="Allen">Lindsay H. Allen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">USDA–Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shahab Ferdows, Setarah" sort="Shahab Ferdows, Setarah" uniqKey="Shahab Ferdows S" first="Setarah" last="Shahab-Ferdows">Setarah Shahab-Ferdows</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">USDA–Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hampel, Daniela" sort="Hampel, Daniela" uniqKey="Hampel D" first="Daniela" last="Hampel">Daniela Hampel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">USDA–Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chasela, Charles S" sort="Chasela, Charles S" uniqKey="Chasela C" first="Charles S" last="Chasela">Charles S. Chasela</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">UNC Project, Lilongwe, Malawi;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff7">School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Parktown, South Africa</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tegha, Gerald" sort="Tegha, Gerald" uniqKey="Tegha G" first="Gerald" last="Tegha">Gerald Tegha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">UNC Project, Lilongwe, Malawi;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Daza, Eric J" sort="Daza, Eric J" uniqKey="Daza E" first="Eric J" last="Daza">Eric J. Daza</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Gillings School of Global Public Health,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Corbett, Amanda" sort="Corbett, Amanda" uniqKey="Corbett A" first="Amanda" last="Corbett">Amanda Corbett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=", and" id="aff3">Eshelman School of Pharmacy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davis, Nicole L" sort="Davis, Nicole L" uniqKey="Davis N" first="Nicole L" last="Davis">Nicole L. Davis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Gillings School of Global Public Health,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kamwendo, Deborah" sort="Kamwendo, Deborah" uniqKey="Kamwendo D" first="Deborah" last="Kamwendo">Deborah Kamwendo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">UNC Project, Lilongwe, Malawi;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kourtis, Athena P" sort="Kourtis, Athena P" uniqKey="Kourtis A" first="Athena P" last="Kourtis">Athena P. Kourtis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">US CDC, Atlanta, GA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Horst, Charles M" sort="Van Der Horst, Charles M" uniqKey="Van Der Horst C" first="Charles M" last="Van Der Horst">Charles M. Van Der Horst</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jamieson, Denise J" sort="Jamieson, Denise J" uniqKey="Jamieson D" first="Denise J" last="Jamieson">Denise J. Jamieson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">US CDC, Atlanta, GA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bentley, Margaret E" sort="Bentley, Margaret E" uniqKey="Bentley M" first="Margaret E" last="Bentley">Margaret E. Bentley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Carolina Population Center,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Gillings School of Global Public Health,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26156797</idno><idno type="pmc">4516772</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4516772</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4516772</idno><idno type="doi">10.3945/jn.115.212290</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000035</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000035</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Plasma Micronutrient Concentrations Are Altered by Antiretroviral Therapy and Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements in Lactating HIV-Infected Malawian Women<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn3"><sup>3</sup></xref></title><author><name sortKey="Flax, Valerie L" sort="Flax, Valerie L" uniqKey="Flax V" first="Valerie L" last="Flax">Valerie L. Flax</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Carolina Population Center,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Gillings School of Global Public Health,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adair, Linda S" sort="Adair, Linda S" uniqKey="Adair L" first="Linda S" last="Adair">Linda S. Adair</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Carolina Population Center,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Gillings School of Global Public Health,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Allen, Lindsay H" sort="Allen, Lindsay H" uniqKey="Allen L" first="Lindsay H" last="Allen">Lindsay H. Allen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">USDA–Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shahab Ferdows, Setarah" sort="Shahab Ferdows, Setarah" uniqKey="Shahab Ferdows S" first="Setarah" last="Shahab-Ferdows">Setarah Shahab-Ferdows</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">USDA–Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hampel, Daniela" sort="Hampel, Daniela" uniqKey="Hampel D" first="Daniela" last="Hampel">Daniela Hampel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">USDA–Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chasela, Charles S" sort="Chasela, Charles S" uniqKey="Chasela C" first="Charles S" last="Chasela">Charles S. Chasela</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">UNC Project, Lilongwe, Malawi;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff7">School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Parktown, South Africa</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tegha, Gerald" sort="Tegha, Gerald" uniqKey="Tegha G" first="Gerald" last="Tegha">Gerald Tegha</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">UNC Project, Lilongwe, Malawi;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Daza, Eric J" sort="Daza, Eric J" uniqKey="Daza E" first="Eric J" last="Daza">Eric J. Daza</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Gillings School of Global Public Health,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Corbett, Amanda" sort="Corbett, Amanda" uniqKey="Corbett A" first="Amanda" last="Corbett">Amanda Corbett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut=", and" id="aff3">Eshelman School of Pharmacy</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davis, Nicole L" sort="Davis, Nicole L" uniqKey="Davis N" first="Nicole L" last="Davis">Nicole L. Davis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Gillings School of Global Public Health,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kamwendo, Deborah" sort="Kamwendo, Deborah" uniqKey="Kamwendo D" first="Deborah" last="Kamwendo">Deborah Kamwendo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">UNC Project, Lilongwe, Malawi;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kourtis, Athena P" sort="Kourtis, Athena P" uniqKey="Kourtis A" first="Athena P" last="Kourtis">Athena P. Kourtis</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">US CDC, Atlanta, GA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Horst, Charles M" sort="Van Der Horst, Charles M" uniqKey="Van Der Horst C" first="Charles M" last="Van Der Horst">Charles M. Van Der Horst</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jamieson, Denise J" sort="Jamieson, Denise J" uniqKey="Jamieson D" first="Denise J" last="Jamieson">Denise J. Jamieson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff8">US CDC, Atlanta, GA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bentley, Margaret E" sort="Bentley, Margaret E" uniqKey="Bentley M" first="Margaret E" last="Bentley">Margaret E. Bentley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Carolina Population Center,</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Gillings School of Global Public Health,</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Journal of Nutrition</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-3166</idno><idno type="eISSN">1541-6100</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background:</bold> Little is known about the influence of antiretroviral therapy with or without micronutrient supplementation on the micronutrient concentrations of HIV-infected lactating women in resource-constrained settings. </p><p><bold>Objective:</bold> We examined associations of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) with concentrations of selected micronutrients in HIV-infected Malawian women at 24 wk postpartum.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> Plasma micronutrient concentrations were measured in a subsample (<italic>n</italic> = 690) of Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals, and Nutrition (BAN) study participants who were randomly assigned at delivery to receive HAART, LNS, HAART+LNS, or no HAART/no LNS (control). HAART consisted of protease inhibitor–based triple therapy. LNS (140 g/d) met energy and micronutrient requirements of lactation. Multivariable linear regression tested the association of HAART and LNS, plus their interaction, with micronutrient concentrations, controlling for season, baseline viral load, and baseline CD4 count. </p><p><bold>Results:</bold> We found significant HAART by LNS interactions for folate (<italic>P</italic> = 0.051), vitamin B-12 (<italic>P</italic> < 0.001), and transferrin receptors (TfRs) (<italic>P</italic> = 0.085). HAART was associated with lower folate (with LNS: −27%, <italic>P</italic> < 0.001; without LNS: −12%, <italic>P</italic> = 0.040) and higher TfR concentrations (with LNS: +14%, <italic>P</italic> = 0.004; without LNS: +28%, <italic>P</italic> < 0.001), indicating iron deficiency. LNS increased folate (with HAART: +17%, <italic>P</italic> = 0.037; without HAART: +39%, <italic>P</italic> < 0.001) and decreased TfR concentrations (with HAART only: −12%, <italic>P</italic> = 0.023). HAART was associated with lower vitamin B-12 concentrations only when LNS was present (−18%, <italic>P</italic> = 0.001), whereas LNS increased vitamin B-12 only when no HAART was present (+27%, <italic>P</italic> < 0.001). HAART, but not LNS, was associated with higher retinol-binding protein (RBP; +10%, <italic>P</italic> = 0.007). We detected no association of HAART or LNS with selenium, ferritin, or hemoglobin. </p><p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> The association of HAART with lower folate, iron deficiency, and higher RBP plus the attenuation of LNS effects on folate and vitamin B-12 when combined with HAART has implications for the health of lactating HIV-infected women taking HAART in prevention of mother-to-child transmission programs. This trial was registered at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="clinicaltrials.gov">clinicaltrials.gov</ext-link> as NCT00164736.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Nutr</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">nutrition</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">nutrition</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The Journal of Nutrition</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0022-3166</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1541-6100</issn><publisher><publisher-name>American Society for Nutrition</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26156797</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4516772</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">212290</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3945/jn.115.212290</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Community and International Nutrition</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Plasma Micronutrient Concentrations Are Altered by Antiretroviral Therapy and Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements in Lactating HIV-Infected Malawian Women<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn3"><sup>3</sup></xref></article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Flax</surname><given-names>Valerie L</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>4</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>5</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Adair</surname><given-names>Linda S</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>4</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Allen</surname><given-names>Lindsay H</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>8</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shahab-Ferdows</surname><given-names>Setarah</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>8</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hampel</surname><given-names>Daniela</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>8</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chasela</surname><given-names>Charles S</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>9</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>10</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tegha</surname><given-names>Gerald</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>9</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Daza</surname><given-names>Eric J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Corbett</surname><given-names>Amanda</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>6</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Davis</surname><given-names>Nicole L</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kamwendo</surname><given-names>Deborah</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>9</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kourtis</surname><given-names>Athena P</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>11</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van der Horst</surname><given-names>Charles M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>7</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jamieson</surname><given-names>Denise J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>11</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bentley</surname><given-names>Margaret E</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>4</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><on-behalf-of>for the BAN Study Team</on-behalf-of><aff id="aff1"><label>4</label>Carolina Population Center,</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>5</label>Gillings School of Global Public Health,</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>6</label>Eshelman School of Pharmacy, and</aff><aff id="aff4"><label>7</label>School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC;</aff><aff id="aff5"><label>8</label>USDA–Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA;</aff><aff id="aff6"><label>9</label>UNC Project, Lilongwe, Malawi;</aff><aff id="aff7"><label>10</label>School of Public Health, University of Witwatersrand, Parktown, South Africa; and</aff><aff id="aff8"><label>11</label>US CDC, Atlanta, GA</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: <email>flax@unc.edu</email>.</corresp><fn id="fn1"><label>1</label><p>The Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals, and Nutrition (BAN) study was supported by grants from the Prevention Research Center’s Special Interest Project of the CDC (SIP 13-01 U48-CCU409660-09, SIP 26-04 U48-DP000059-01, and SIP 22-09 U48-DP001944-01), the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP53107), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the University of North Carolina Center for AIDS Research (P30-AI50410), the Carolina Population Center (R24 HD050924), the NIH Fogarty AIDS International Training and Research Program (DHHS/NIH/FIC 2-D43 TW001039), and Fogarty International Clinical Research Scholars (R24TW007988; the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act). The antiretrovirals used in the BAN study were donated by Abbott Laboratories, GlaxoSmithKline, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche Pharmaceuticals, and Bristol-Myers Squibb. The Call to Action Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Program, from which BAN mothers were recruited, was supported by the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, the United Nations Children’s Fund, the World Food Program, the Malawi Ministry of Health and Population, Johnson & Johnson, and the US Agency for International Development.</p></fn><fn id="fn2" fn-type="conflict"><label>2</label><p>Author disclosures: VL Flax, LS Adair, LH Allen, S Shahab-Ferdows, D Hampel, CS Chasela, G Tegha, EJ Daza, A Corbett, NL Davis, D Kamwendo, AP Kourtis, DJ Jamieson, and ME Bentley, no conflicts of interest. CM van der Horst received grant support from Abbott Laboratories and GlaxoSmithKline.</p></fn><fn id="fn3"><label>3</label><p>Supplemental Table 1 is available from the “Online Supporting Material” link in the online posting of the article and from the same link in the online table of contents at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://jn.nutrition.org">http://jn.nutrition.org</ext-link>.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>8</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>8</day><month>7</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>1</day><month>8</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 12 months and
0 days and was based on the
<volume>145</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>1950</fpage><lpage>1957</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>11</day><month>2</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>15</day><month>3</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>5</day><month>6</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2015 American Society for Nutrition</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year></permissions><abstract><p><bold>Background:</bold> Little is known about the influence of antiretroviral therapy with or without micronutrient supplementation on the micronutrient concentrations of HIV-infected lactating women in resource-constrained settings. </p><p><bold>Objective:</bold> We examined associations of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) with concentrations of selected micronutrients in HIV-infected Malawian women at 24 wk postpartum.</p><p><bold>Methods:</bold> Plasma micronutrient concentrations were measured in a subsample (<italic>n</italic> = 690) of Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals, and Nutrition (BAN) study participants who were randomly assigned at delivery to receive HAART, LNS, HAART+LNS, or no HAART/no LNS (control). HAART consisted of protease inhibitor–based triple therapy. LNS (140 g/d) met energy and micronutrient requirements of lactation. Multivariable linear regression tested the association of HAART and LNS, plus their interaction, with micronutrient concentrations, controlling for season, baseline viral load, and baseline CD4 count. </p><p><bold>Results:</bold> We found significant HAART by LNS interactions for folate (<italic>P</italic> = 0.051), vitamin B-12 (<italic>P</italic> < 0.001), and transferrin receptors (TfRs) (<italic>P</italic> = 0.085). HAART was associated with lower folate (with LNS: −27%, <italic>P</italic> < 0.001; without LNS: −12%, <italic>P</italic> = 0.040) and higher TfR concentrations (with LNS: +14%, <italic>P</italic> = 0.004; without LNS: +28%, <italic>P</italic> < 0.001), indicating iron deficiency. LNS increased folate (with HAART: +17%, <italic>P</italic> = 0.037; without HAART: +39%, <italic>P</italic> < 0.001) and decreased TfR concentrations (with HAART only: −12%, <italic>P</italic> = 0.023). HAART was associated with lower vitamin B-12 concentrations only when LNS was present (−18%, <italic>P</italic> = 0.001), whereas LNS increased vitamin B-12 only when no HAART was present (+27%, <italic>P</italic> < 0.001). HAART, but not LNS, was associated with higher retinol-binding protein (RBP; +10%, <italic>P</italic> = 0.007). We detected no association of HAART or LNS with selenium, ferritin, or hemoglobin. </p><p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> The association of HAART with lower folate, iron deficiency, and higher RBP plus the attenuation of LNS effects on folate and vitamin B-12 when combined with HAART has implications for the health of lactating HIV-infected women taking HAART in prevention of mother-to-child transmission programs. This trial was registered at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="clinicaltrials.gov">clinicaltrials.gov</ext-link> as NCT00164736.</p></abstract><kwd-group><title>Keywords:</title><kwd>highly active antiretroviral therapy</kwd><kwd>lipid-based nutrient supplements</kwd><kwd>micronutrient</kwd><kwd>HIV</kwd><kwd>mothers</kwd></kwd-group><counts><page-count count="8"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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