Coping strategies of HIV-affected households in Ghana
Identifieur interne : 000E40 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000E39; suivant : 000E41Coping strategies of HIV-affected households in Ghana
Auteurs : Amos Laar [Ghana] ; Abubakar Manu [Ghana] ; Matilda Laar [Canada] ; Angela El-Adas [Ghana] ; Richard Amenyah [Ghana] ; Kyeremeh Atuahene [Ghana] ; Dave Quarshie [Suède] ; Andrew Anthony Adjei [Ghana] ; Isabella Quakyi [Ghana]Source :
- BMC Public Health [ 1471-2458 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
HIV and negative coping mechanisms have a cyclical relationship. HIV infections may lead to the adoption of coping strategies, which may have undesired, negative consequences. We present data on the various coping mechanisms that HIV-affected households in Ghana resort to.
We collected data on coping strategies, livelihood activities, food consumption, and asset wealth from a nationally representative sample of 1,745 Ghanaian HIV-affected households. We computed coping strategies index (CSI), effective dependency rate, and asset wealth using previously validated methodologies.
Various dehumanizing coping strategies instituted by the HIV-affected households included skipping an entire day’s meal (13%), reducing portion sizes (61.3%), harvesting immature crops (7.6%), and begging (5.6%). Two-thirds of the households were asset poor. Asset-poor households had higher CSI than asset-rich households (
Institution of degrading measures by HIV-affected households in reaction to threat of food insecurity was prevalent. The three most important coping strategies used by households were limiting portion size (61.3%), reducing number of meals per day (59.5%) and relying on less expensive foods (56.2%). The least employed strategies included household member going begging (5.6%), eating elsewhere (8.7%) and harvesting immature crop (7.6%).
Given that household assets, and caring for the chronically ill were associated with high CSI, a policy focusing on helping HIV-affected households gradually build up their asset base, or targeting households caring for chronically ill member(s) with conditional household-level support may be reasonable.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1418-x
PubMed: 25886186
PubMed Central: 4343049
Affiliations:
- Canada, Ghana, Suède
- Québec, Région du Grand Accra
- Accra, Legon (Ghana), Montréal
- Université McGill, Université du Ghana
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>HIV and negative coping mechanisms have a cyclical relationship. HIV infections may lead to the adoption of coping strategies, which may have undesired, negative consequences. We present data on the various coping mechanisms that HIV-affected households in Ghana resort to.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>We collected data on coping strategies, livelihood activities, food consumption, and asset wealth from a nationally representative sample of 1,745 Ghanaian HIV-affected households. We computed coping strategies index (CSI), effective dependency rate, and asset wealth using previously validated methodologies.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>Various dehumanizing coping strategies instituted by the HIV-affected households included skipping an entire day’s meal (13%), reducing portion sizes (61.3%), harvesting immature crops (7.6%), and begging (5.6%). Two-thirds of the households were asset poor. Asset-poor households had higher CSI than asset-rich households (<italic>p</italic>
<0.001). CSI were also higher among female-headed households and lower where the education level of the household head is higher. Households caring for chronically ill members recorded higher CSI in comparison with their counterparts without the chronically ill (<italic>p</italic>
< 0.05).</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>Institution of degrading measures by HIV-affected households in reaction to threat of food insecurity was prevalent. The three most important coping strategies used by households were limiting portion size (61.3%), reducing number of meals per day (59.5%) and relying on less expensive foods (56.2%). The least employed strategies included household member going begging (5.6%), eating elsewhere (8.7%) and harvesting immature crop (7.6%).</p>
<p>Given that household assets, and caring for the chronically ill were associated with high CSI, a policy focusing on helping HIV-affected households gradually build up their asset base, or targeting households caring for chronically ill member(s) with conditional household-level support may be reasonable.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">BMC Public Health</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">BMC Public Health</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>BMC Public Health</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1471-2458</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25886186</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4343049</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1418</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/s12889-015-1418-x</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Coping strategies of HIV-affected households in Ghana</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Laar</surname>
<given-names>Amos</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>aklaar@yahoo.com</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Manu</surname>
<given-names>Abubakar</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>abumanu@yahoo.com</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Laar</surname>
<given-names>Matilda</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>matilda.laar@mail.mcgill.ca</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>El-Adas</surname>
<given-names>Angela</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>aeladas@ghanaaids.gov.gh</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Amenyah</surname>
<given-names>Richard</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>ramenyah@gmail.com</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Atuahene</surname>
<given-names>Kyeremeh</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>katuahene@ghanaids.gov.gh</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Quarshie</surname>
<given-names>Dave</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>quarshiedave@gmail.com</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Adjei</surname>
<given-names>Andrew Anthony</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>andrewanthonyadjei@yahoo.com</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Quakyi</surname>
<given-names>Isabella</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>iaquakyi@yahoo.com</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff6"></xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="Aff1"><label></label>
Department of Population, Family, & Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. Box LG 13, Legon Accra, Ghana</aff>
<aff id="Aff2"><label></label>
School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Montreal, Canada</aff>
<aff id="Aff3"><label></label>
Ghana AIDS Commission, Accra, Ghana</aff>
<aff id="Aff4"><label></label>
School of Management, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, SE-371 79 Karlskrona, Sweden</aff>
<aff id="Aff5"><label></label>
Department of Pathology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana</aff>
<aff id="Aff6"><label></label>
Department of Biological, Environmental, and Occupational Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana</aff>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>21</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>15</volume>
<elocation-id>166</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>29</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>14</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© Laar et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015</copyright-statement>
<license license-type="open-access"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ext-link>
), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</ext-link>
) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract id="Abs1"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>HIV and negative coping mechanisms have a cyclical relationship. HIV infections may lead to the adoption of coping strategies, which may have undesired, negative consequences. We present data on the various coping mechanisms that HIV-affected households in Ghana resort to.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>We collected data on coping strategies, livelihood activities, food consumption, and asset wealth from a nationally representative sample of 1,745 Ghanaian HIV-affected households. We computed coping strategies index (CSI), effective dependency rate, and asset wealth using previously validated methodologies.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>Various dehumanizing coping strategies instituted by the HIV-affected households included skipping an entire day’s meal (13%), reducing portion sizes (61.3%), harvesting immature crops (7.6%), and begging (5.6%). Two-thirds of the households were asset poor. Asset-poor households had higher CSI than asset-rich households (<italic>p</italic>
<0.001). CSI were also higher among female-headed households and lower where the education level of the household head is higher. Households caring for chronically ill members recorded higher CSI in comparison with their counterparts without the chronically ill (<italic>p</italic>
< 0.05).</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>Institution of degrading measures by HIV-affected households in reaction to threat of food insecurity was prevalent. The three most important coping strategies used by households were limiting portion size (61.3%), reducing number of meals per day (59.5%) and relying on less expensive foods (56.2%). The least employed strategies included household member going begging (5.6%), eating elsewhere (8.7%) and harvesting immature crop (7.6%).</p>
<p>Given that household assets, and caring for the chronically ill were associated with high CSI, a policy focusing on helping HIV-affected households gradually build up their asset base, or targeting households caring for chronically ill member(s) with conditional household-level support may be reasonable.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Coping strategies</kwd>
<kwd>HIV</kwd>
<kwd>HIV-affected households</kwd>
<kwd>Food insecurity</kwd>
<kwd>Ghana</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name>
<meta-value>© The Author(s) 2015</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Canada</li>
<li>Ghana</li>
<li>Suède</li>
</country>
<region><li>Québec</li>
<li>Région du Grand Accra</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Accra</li>
<li>Legon (Ghana)</li>
<li>Montréal</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université McGill</li>
<li>Université du Ghana</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><country name="Ghana"><region name="Région du Grand Accra"><name sortKey="Laar, Amos" sort="Laar, Amos" uniqKey="Laar A" first="Amos" last="Laar">Amos Laar</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Adjei, Andrew Anthony" sort="Adjei, Andrew Anthony" uniqKey="Adjei A" first="Andrew Anthony" last="Adjei">Andrew Anthony Adjei</name>
<name sortKey="Amenyah, Richard" sort="Amenyah, Richard" uniqKey="Amenyah R" first="Richard" last="Amenyah">Richard Amenyah</name>
<name sortKey="Atuahene, Kyeremeh" sort="Atuahene, Kyeremeh" uniqKey="Atuahene K" first="Kyeremeh" last="Atuahene">Kyeremeh Atuahene</name>
<name sortKey="El Adas, Angela" sort="El Adas, Angela" uniqKey="El Adas A" first="Angela" last="El-Adas">Angela El-Adas</name>
<name sortKey="Manu, Abubakar" sort="Manu, Abubakar" uniqKey="Manu A" first="Abubakar" last="Manu">Abubakar Manu</name>
<name sortKey="Quakyi, Isabella" sort="Quakyi, Isabella" uniqKey="Quakyi I" first="Isabella" last="Quakyi">Isabella Quakyi</name>
</country>
<country name="Canada"><region name="Québec"><name sortKey="Laar, Matilda" sort="Laar, Matilda" uniqKey="Laar M" first="Matilda" last="Laar">Matilda Laar</name>
</region>
</country>
<country name="Suède"><noRegion><name sortKey="Quarshie, Dave" sort="Quarshie, Dave" uniqKey="Quarshie D" first="Dave" last="Quarshie">Dave Quarshie</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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