Sociodemographic drivers of multiple sexual partnerships among women in three rural districts of Tanzania
Identifieur interne : 003040 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 003039; suivant : 003041Sociodemographic drivers of multiple sexual partnerships among women in three rural districts of Tanzania
Auteurs : Amon Exavery [Tanzanie] ; Almamy Malick Kanté [Tanzanie, États-Unis, Suisse] ; Kassimu Tani [Tanzanie] ; Ahmed Hingora [Tanzanie] ; James F. Phillips [États-Unis]Source :
- HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) [ 1179-1373 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
This study examines prevalence and correlates of multiple sexual partnerships (MSP) among women aged 15+ years in Rufiji, Kilombero, and Ulanga districts of Tanzania.
Data were collected in a cross-sectional household survey in Rufiji, Kilombero, and Ulanga districts in Tanzania in 2011. From the survey, a total of 2,643 sexually active women ages 15+ years were selected for this analysis. While the chi-square test was used for testing association between MSP and each of the independent variables, logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis.
Number of sexual partners reported ranged from 1 to 7, with 7.8% of the women reporting multiple sexual partners (2+) in the past year. MSP was more likely among both ever married women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =3.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40–10.49) and single women (AOR =6.13, 95% CI 2.45–15.34) than currently married women. There was an interaction between marital status and education, whereby MSP was 85% less likely among single women with secondary or higher education compared to married women with no education (AOR =0.15, 95% CI 0.03–0.61). Furthermore, women aged 40+ years were 56% less likely compared to the youngest women (<20 years) to report MSP (AOR =0.44, 95% CI 0.24–0.80). The odds of MSP among Muslim women was 1.56 times as high as that for Christians women (AOR =1.56, 95% CI 1.11–2.21). Ndengereko women were 67% less likely to report MSP compared to Pogoro women (AOR =0.33, 95% CI 0.18–0.59).
Eight percent of the women aged 15+ in Rufiji, Kilombero, and Ulanga districts of Tanzania are engaged in MSP. Encouraging achievement of formal education, especially at secondary level or beyond, may be a viable strategy toward partner reduction among unmarried women. Age, religion, and ethnicity are also important dimensions for partner reduction efforts.
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DOI: 10.2147/HIV.S76694
PubMed: 25914557
PubMed Central: 4399694
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Sociodemographic drivers of multiple sexual partnerships among women in three rural districts of Tanzania</title><author><name sortKey="Exavery, Amon" sort="Exavery, Amon" uniqKey="Exavery A" first="Amon" last="Exavery">Amon Exavery</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-hiv-7-105">Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dar es Salaam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kante, Almamy Malick" sort="Kante, Almamy Malick" uniqKey="Kante A" first="Almamy Malick" last="Kanté">Almamy Malick Kanté</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-hiv-7-105">Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dar es Salaam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af2-hiv-7-105">Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, new York, NY, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, new York, NY</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region><settlement type="city">New York</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3-hiv-7-105">Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tani, Kassimu" sort="Tani, Kassimu" uniqKey="Tani K" first="Kassimu" last="Tani">Kassimu Tani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-hiv-7-105">Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dar es Salaam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hingora, Ahmed" sort="Hingora, Ahmed" uniqKey="Hingora A" first="Ahmed" last="Hingora">Ahmed Hingora</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-hiv-7-105">Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dar es Salaam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Phillips, James F" sort="Phillips, James F" uniqKey="Phillips J" first="James F" last="Phillips">James F. Phillips</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af2-hiv-7-105">Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, new York, NY, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, new York, NY</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region><settlement type="city">New York</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25914557</idno><idno type="pmc">4399694</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4399694</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4399694</idno><idno type="doi">10.2147/HIV.S76694</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002449</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002449</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002448</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002448</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000A38</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000A38</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">003040</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Sociodemographic drivers of multiple sexual partnerships among women in three rural districts of Tanzania</title><author><name sortKey="Exavery, Amon" sort="Exavery, Amon" uniqKey="Exavery A" first="Amon" last="Exavery">Amon Exavery</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-hiv-7-105">Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dar es Salaam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kante, Almamy Malick" sort="Kante, Almamy Malick" uniqKey="Kante A" first="Almamy Malick" last="Kanté">Almamy Malick Kanté</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-hiv-7-105">Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dar es Salaam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af2-hiv-7-105">Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, new York, NY, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, new York, NY</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region><settlement type="city">New York</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3-hiv-7-105">Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Basel</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tani, Kassimu" sort="Tani, Kassimu" uniqKey="Tani K" first="Kassimu" last="Tani">Kassimu Tani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-hiv-7-105">Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dar es Salaam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hingora, Ahmed" sort="Hingora, Ahmed" uniqKey="Hingora A" first="Ahmed" last="Hingora">Ahmed Hingora</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-hiv-7-105">Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Tanzanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dar es Salaam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Phillips, James F" sort="Phillips, James F" uniqKey="Phillips J" first="James F" last="Phillips">James F. Phillips</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af2-hiv-7-105">Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, new York, NY, USA</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, new York, NY</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">État de New York</region><settlement type="city">New York</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Columbia</orgName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.)</title><idno type="eISSN">1179-1373</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>This study examines prevalence and correlates of multiple sexual partnerships (MSP) among women aged 15+ years in Rufiji, Kilombero, and Ulanga districts of Tanzania.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Data were collected in a cross-sectional household survey in Rufiji, Kilombero, and Ulanga districts in Tanzania in 2011. From the survey, a total of 2,643 sexually active women ages 15+ years were selected for this analysis. While the chi-square test was used for testing association between MSP and each of the independent variables, logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Number of sexual partners reported ranged from 1 to 7, with 7.8% of the women reporting multiple sexual partners (2+) in the past year. MSP was more likely among both ever married women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =3.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40–10.49) and single women (AOR =6.13, 95% CI 2.45–15.34) than currently married women. There was an interaction between marital status and education, whereby MSP was 85% less likely among single women with secondary or higher education compared to married women with no education (AOR =0.15, 95% CI 0.03–0.61). Furthermore, women aged 40+ years were 56% less likely compared to the youngest women (<20 years) to report MSP (AOR =0.44, 95% CI 0.24–0.80). The odds of MSP among Muslim women was 1.56 times as high as that for Christians women (AOR =1.56, 95% CI 1.11–2.21). Ndengereko women were 67% less likely to report MSP compared to Pogoro women (AOR =0.33, 95% CI 0.18–0.59).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Eight percent of the women aged 15+ in Rufiji, Kilombero, and Ulanga districts of Tanzania are engaged in MSP. Encouraging achievement of formal education, especially at secondary level or beyond, may be a viable strategy toward partner reduction among unmarried women. Age, religion, and ethnicity are also important dimensions for partner reduction efforts.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lema, La" uniqKey="Lema L">LA Lema</name></author><author><name sortKey="Katapa, Rs" uniqKey="Katapa R">RS Katapa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Musa, As" uniqKey="Musa A">AS Musa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bellan, Se" uniqKey="Bellan S">SE Bellan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fiorella, Kj" uniqKey="Fiorella K">KJ Fiorella</name></author><author><name sortKey="Melesse, Dy" uniqKey="Melesse D">DY Melesse</name></author><author><name sortKey="Getz, Wm" uniqKey="Getz W">WM Getz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, Bg" uniqKey="Williams B">BG Williams</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dushoff, J" uniqKey="Dushoff J">J Dushoff</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shipena, J" uniqKey="Shipena J">J Shipena</name></author><author><name sortKey="Khuruses, F" uniqKey="Khuruses F">F Khuruses</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Den Borne, F" uniqKey="Van Den Borne F">F Van den Borne</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chiwaya, W" uniqKey="Chiwaya W">W Chiwaya</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chaima, M" uniqKey="Chaima M">M Chaima</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Forster, Pg" uniqKey="Forster P">PG Forster</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Forster, Pg" uniqKey="Forster P">PG Forster</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chirwa, Wc" uniqKey="Chirwa W">WC Chirwa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chirwa, Wc" uniqKey="Chirwa W">WC Chirwa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Msolomba, T" uniqKey="Msolomba T">T Msolomba</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chirwa, Wc" uniqKey="Chirwa W">WC Chirwa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chirwa, Wc" uniqKey="Chirwa W">WC Chirwa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chizimbi, S" uniqKey="Chizimbi S">S Chizimbi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Exavery, A" uniqKey="Exavery A">A Exavery</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kante, Am" uniqKey="Kante A">AM Kanté</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jackson, E" uniqKey="Jackson E">E Jackson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vittinghoff, E" uniqKey="Vittinghoff E">E Vittinghoff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Glidden, Dv" uniqKey="Glidden D">DV Glidden</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shiboski, Sc" uniqKey="Shiboski S">SC Shiboski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcculloch, Ce" uniqKey="Mcculloch C">CE McCulloch</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sundas, B" uniqKey="Sundas B">B Sundas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rector, Re" uniqKey="Rector R">RE Rector</name></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Ka" uniqKey="Johnson K">KA Johnson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Noyes, Lr" uniqKey="Noyes L">LR Noyes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, S" uniqKey="Martin S">S Martin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Peltzer, K" uniqKey="Peltzer K">K Peltzer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mlambo, G" uniqKey="Mlambo G">G Mlambo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Exavery, A" uniqKey="Exavery A">A Exavery</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lutambi, Am" uniqKey="Lutambi A">AM Lutambi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mubyazi, Gm" uniqKey="Mubyazi G">GM Mubyazi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kweka, K" uniqKey="Kweka K">K Kweka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mbaruku, G" uniqKey="Mbaruku G">G Mbaruku</name></author><author><name sortKey="Masanja, H" uniqKey="Masanja H">H Masanja</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yan, H" uniqKey="Yan H">H Yan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, W" uniqKey="Chen W">W Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, H" uniqKey="Wu H">H Wu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Santelli, Js" uniqKey="Santelli J">JS Santelli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brener, Nd" uniqKey="Brener N">ND Brener</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lowry, R" uniqKey="Lowry R">R Lowry</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bhatt, A" uniqKey="Bhatt A">A Bhatt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zabin, Ls" uniqKey="Zabin L">LS Zabin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rotermann, M" uniqKey="Rotermann M">M Rotermann</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Seidman, Sn" uniqKey="Seidman S">SN Seidman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mosher, Wd" uniqKey="Mosher W">WD Mosher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aral, So" uniqKey="Aral S">SO 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">HIV AIDS (Auckl)</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">HIV AIDS (Auckl)</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">HIV/AIDS – Research and Palliative Care</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.)</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1179-1373</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dove Medical Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25914557</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4399694</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2147/HIV.S76694</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">hiv-7-105</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Sociodemographic drivers of multiple sexual partnerships among women in three rural districts of Tanzania</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Exavery</surname><given-names>Amon</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-hiv-7-105">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-hiv-7-105"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kanté</surname><given-names>Almamy Malick</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-hiv-7-105">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-hiv-7-105">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3-hiv-7-105">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tani</surname><given-names>Kassimu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-hiv-7-105">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hingora</surname><given-names>Ahmed</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-hiv-7-105">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Phillips</surname><given-names>James F</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-hiv-7-105">2</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-hiv-7-105"><label>1</label>Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania</aff><aff id="af2-hiv-7-105"><label>2</label>Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, new York, NY, USA</aff><aff id="af3-hiv-7-105"><label>3</label>Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-hiv-7-105">Correspondence: Amon Exavery, Ifakara Health Institute, PO Box 78373, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Tel +255 222 771 714, Fax +255 222 771 714, Email <email>aexavery@ihi.or.tz</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>4</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><fpage>105</fpage><lpage>113</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2015 Exavery et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0)License</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><license><license-p>The full terms of the License are available at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</ext-link>. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>This study examines prevalence and correlates of multiple sexual partnerships (MSP) among women aged 15+ years in Rufiji, Kilombero, and Ulanga districts of Tanzania.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Data were collected in a cross-sectional household survey in Rufiji, Kilombero, and Ulanga districts in Tanzania in 2011. From the survey, a total of 2,643 sexually active women ages 15+ years were selected for this analysis. While the chi-square test was used for testing association between MSP and each of the independent variables, logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Number of sexual partners reported ranged from 1 to 7, with 7.8% of the women reporting multiple sexual partners (2+) in the past year. MSP was more likely among both ever married women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] =3.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40–10.49) and single women (AOR =6.13, 95% CI 2.45–15.34) than currently married women. There was an interaction between marital status and education, whereby MSP was 85% less likely among single women with secondary or higher education compared to married women with no education (AOR =0.15, 95% CI 0.03–0.61). Furthermore, women aged 40+ years were 56% less likely compared to the youngest women (<20 years) to report MSP (AOR =0.44, 95% CI 0.24–0.80). The odds of MSP among Muslim women was 1.56 times as high as that for Christians women (AOR =1.56, 95% CI 1.11–2.21). Ndengereko women were 67% less likely to report MSP compared to Pogoro women (AOR =0.33, 95% CI 0.18–0.59).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Eight percent of the women aged 15+ in Rufiji, Kilombero, and Ulanga districts of Tanzania are engaged in MSP. Encouraging achievement of formal education, especially at secondary level or beyond, may be a viable strategy toward partner reduction among unmarried women. Age, religion, and ethnicity are also important dimensions for partner reduction efforts.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><title>Keywords</title><kwd>HIV/AIDS</kwd><kwd>transmission</kwd><kwd>Rufiji</kwd><kwd>Kilombero</kwd><kwd>Ulanga</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><table-wrap id="t1-hiv-7-105" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Sample characteristics (n=2,643)</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Variable</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Absolute number of respondents (n)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percent (%)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,643</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100.0</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of sexual partners in the past 12 months</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> One</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,437</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92.2</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Multiple (2+)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">206</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.8</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Min =1, Max =7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age (years)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <20</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">380</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.4</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 20–29</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">881</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.3</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 30–39</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">855</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.4</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 40+</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">527</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.9</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Mean =30.5, SD =9.3, Min =15, Max =63</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Marital status<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn1-hiv-7-105">m</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Married</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,964</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">74.4</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Ever married</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">181</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.9</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Single</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">495</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.8</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ethnicity<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn1-hiv-7-105">m</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Pogoro</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">445</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.9</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Ndengereko</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">374</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.2</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Ngindo</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">352</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.3</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Ndamba</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">238</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.0</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Sukuma</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">207</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.8</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Ngoni</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">205</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.8</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Hehe</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">177</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.7</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Bena</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">134</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.1</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Other</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">507</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.2</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Place of residence<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn1-hiv-7-105">m</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Urban</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">503</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.1</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Rural</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,130</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80.9</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Education</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No formal education</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">541</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.5</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Primary</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,832</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69.3</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Secondary/higher</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">270</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.2</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Religion<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn1-hiv-7-105">m</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Christian</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,215</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46.0</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Muslim</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,338</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50.6</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Traditional/other</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.4</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Socioeconomic status<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn1-hiv-7-105">m</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Poor</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">861</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34.7</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Middle</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">827</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.3</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Rich</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">794</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.0</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">District of residence</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Kilombero</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,663</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62.9</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Rufiji</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">567</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.5</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Ulanga</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">413</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.6</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><bold>Note:</bold></p></fn><fn id="tfn1-hiv-7-105"><label>m</label><p>Some missing data (n<2,643).</p></fn><fn id="tfn2-hiv-7-105"><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> Max, maximum; Min, minimum; SD, standard deviation.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t2-hiv-7-105" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Percent distribution of MSP among women by background characteristics (n=2,643)</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Variable</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Absolute number of women</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">% women with MSP in the past 12 months</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">95% confidence interval</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,643</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.8</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.1–11.4</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age (years)<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn4-hiv-7-105">*</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <20</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">380</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.4–13.6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 20–29</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">881</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.7–11.6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 30–39</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">855</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.9</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.2–8.6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 40+</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">527</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5–5.9</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Marital status<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn3-hiv-7-105">m</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Married</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,964</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.8</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.7–6.8</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Ever married</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">181</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.4</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.3–19.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Single</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">495</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.5–16.6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ethnicity<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn3-hiv-7-105">m</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Pogoro</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">445</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.7–13.4</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.269</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Ndengereko</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">374</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.3–7.9</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Ngindo</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">352</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.6–11.4</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Ndamba</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">238</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.5–11.4</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Sukuma</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">207</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.8</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.6–9.0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Ngoni</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">205</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.0–9.7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Hehe</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">177</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.7–9.8</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Bena</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">134</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.6–12.9</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Other</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">507</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.9</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.5–10.2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Place of residence<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn3-hiv-7-105">m</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Urban (ref)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">503</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.0–12.1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.110</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Rural</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,130</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.4</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.3–8.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Education</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No formal education</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">541</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.3–11.1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.485</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Primary</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,832</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.8</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.5–9.0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Secondary/higher</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">270</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.4–9.2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Religion<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn3-hiv-7-105">m</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Christian</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,215</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.6–8.4</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.032</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Muslim</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,338</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.8</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.3–10.3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Traditional/other</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8–5.3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Socioeconomic status<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn3-hiv-7-105">m</xref></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Poor</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">861</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.4–8.8</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.753</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Middle</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">827</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.7–9.3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Rich</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">794</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.2–10.0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">District of residence</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Kilombero</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,663</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.9–9.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.526</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Rufiji</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">567</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.6–8.8</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Ulanga</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">413</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.8</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.2–10.3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><bold>Note:</bold></p></fn><fn id="tfn3-hiv-7-105"><label>m</label><p>Some missing data (n<2,643);</p></fn><fn id="tfn4-hiv-7-105"><label>*</label><p>significant trend test of MSP across age group (z=−4.26, <italic>P</italic><0.001).</p></fn><fn id="tfn5-hiv-7-105"><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> MSP, multiple sexual partnerships; ref, reference category.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t3-hiv-7-105" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with multiple sexual partnerships among women in three rural districts of Tanzania, 2011</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Variable</th><th colspan="3" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Univariate models
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="3" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Multivariate model (n=2,625)
<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Crude odds ratio</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">95% confidence interval</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Adjusted odds ratio</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">95% confidence interval</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age (years)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <20</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 20–29</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.91</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.61–1.35</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.632</td><td rowspan="2" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.64–1.54</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.972</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 30–39</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.63</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.41–0.96</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.032</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.44–1.20</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.210</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 40+</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.37</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.22–0.63</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.44</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.24–0.80</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.008</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Marital status</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Married (ref)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Ever married</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.75</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.74–4.34</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.83</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.40–10.49</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.009</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Single</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.56</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.86–3.53</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.13</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.45–15.34</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Education</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No formal education (ref)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Primary</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.88</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.63–1.25</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.480</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.73</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.46–1.14</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.167</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Secondary/higher</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.71</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.40–1.26</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.236</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.67</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.25–1.82</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.433</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Marital status and education</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Married and no formal education (ref)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Ever married and primary education</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.69</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.22–2.16</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.521</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Ever married and secondary/higher education</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.76</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.17–45.7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.428</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Single and primary education</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.42</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.15–1.13</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.086</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Single and secondary/higher education</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.15</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.03–0.61</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.009</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ethnicity</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Pogoro</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Ndengereko</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.50</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.30–0.86</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.012</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.33</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.18–0.59</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><0.001</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Ngindo</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.79</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.49–1.28</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.334</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.66</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.39–1.10</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.113</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Ndamba</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.73</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.42–1.28</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.279</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.88</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.49–1.57</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.655</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Sukuma</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.52</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.27–1.01</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.052</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.96</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.46–2.01</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.919</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Ngoni</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.57</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.30–1.09</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.087</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.56</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.29–1.08</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.083</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Hehe</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.56</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.28–1.11</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.096</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.71</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.35–1.43</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.335</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Bena</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.76</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.38–1.51</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.428</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.95</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.47–1.92</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.882</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Other</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.73</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.47–1.13</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.155</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.78</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.49–1.23</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.286</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Place of residence</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Urban (ref)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Rural</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.76</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.54–1.07</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.111</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.77</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.54–1.10</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.152</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Religion</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Christian (ref)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Muslim</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.29</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.96–1.72</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.090</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.56</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.11–2.21</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.012</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Traditional/other</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.31</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.07–1.26</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.102</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.27</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.06–1.29</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.101</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Socio-economic status</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Poor (ref)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Middle</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.06</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.74–1.53</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.747</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Rich</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.15</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.80–1.66</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.453</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">District of residence</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Kilombero (ref)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Rufiji</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.81</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.56–1.17</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.259</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Ulanga</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.94</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.63–1.41</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.774</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">–</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><bold>Note:</bold></p></fn><fn id="tfn6-hiv-7-105"><p>Goodness-of-fit test <italic>P</italic>=0.620.</p></fn><fn id="tfn7-hiv-7-105"><p><bold>Abbreviation:</bold> ref, reference category.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Suisse</li><li>Tanzanie</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>État de New York</li></region><settlement><li>New York</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université Columbia</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Tanzanie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Exavery, Amon" sort="Exavery, Amon" uniqKey="Exavery A" first="Amon" last="Exavery">Amon Exavery</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Hingora, Ahmed" sort="Hingora, Ahmed" uniqKey="Hingora A" first="Ahmed" last="Hingora">Ahmed Hingora</name><name sortKey="Kante, Almamy Malick" sort="Kante, Almamy Malick" uniqKey="Kante A" first="Almamy Malick" last="Kanté">Almamy Malick Kanté</name><name sortKey="Tani, Kassimu" sort="Tani, Kassimu" uniqKey="Tani K" first="Kassimu" last="Tani">Kassimu Tani</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="État de New York"><name sortKey="Kante, Almamy Malick" sort="Kante, Almamy Malick" uniqKey="Kante A" first="Almamy Malick" last="Kanté">Almamy Malick Kanté</name></region><name sortKey="Phillips, James F" sort="Phillips, James F" uniqKey="Phillips J" first="James F" last="Phillips">James F. Phillips</name></country><country name="Suisse"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kante, Almamy Malick" sort="Kante, Almamy Malick" uniqKey="Kante A" first="Almamy Malick" last="Kanté">Almamy Malick Kanté</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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