Risk Factors of Active Tuberculosis in People Living with HIV/AIDS in Southwest Ethiopia: A Case Control Study
Identifieur interne : 001646 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 001645; suivant : 001647Risk Factors of Active Tuberculosis in People Living with HIV/AIDS in Southwest Ethiopia: A Case Control Study
Auteurs : Mohammed Taha [Éthiopie] ; Amare Deribew [Éthiopie, Belgique] ; Fasil Tessema [Éthiopie] ; Sahilu Assegid [Éthiopie] ; Luc Duchateau [Belgique] ; Robert Colebunders [Belgique]Source :
- Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences [ 1029-1857 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
Determinants of active tuberculosis among People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) are not well elucidated in countries with limited resources. The objective of this study was to assess distal and proximate determinants of active tuberculosis among people living with HIV/AIDS in southwest Ethiopia.
A case-control study was conducted from January to March, 2009 in South West Ethiopia. The study population consisted of 162 cases and 647 controls. Cases were adult people living with HIV/AIDS who developed active pulmonary tuberculosis and controls were people living with HIV/AIDS without active tuberculosis. An interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect information on potential risk factors.
After adjustment for potential confounders, male gender (OR=1.7; 95%CI: 1.1, 2.7), a low level of education (OR=2.8; 95% CI: 1.1, 7.1), a body mass index less than 18.5 kg/m2 (OR=4.1; 95% CI: 2.3, 7.4), hemoglobin level less than 10.0 g/dl (OR=2.8; 95%CI: 1.5, 5.2), a CD4 lymphocyte count less than 200 cells/µL (OR=9.8‘95% CI: 5.5, 17.5), a WHO clinical stage IV (OR=4.3; 95% CI: 2.6, 6.8), not taking antiretroviral treatment (OR=3.1; 95%CI: 1.9,4.9), an infection with helminthes (OR=2.2; 95% CI: 1.4, 3.4), a history of contact with a tuberculosis patient in the family (OR=2.0; 95% CI: 1.2, 3.3), and living in a house made of mud wall (OR=3.7; 95% CI: 1.5, 7.5) were independently associated with the development of active tuberculosis in people living with HIV/AIDS.
All people living with HIV/AIDS should be screened for tuberculosis but in the presence of the risk factors mentioned above, intensified screening is recommended.
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PubMed: 22434992
PubMed Central: 3275862
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Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jimma</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deribew, Amare" sort="Deribew, Amare" uniqKey="Deribew A" first="Amare" last="Deribew">Amare Deribew</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jimma</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Epidemiology and Social Sciences, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Social Sciences, Antwerp University, Antwerp</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Antwerp</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tessema, Fasil" sort="Tessema, Fasil" uniqKey="Tessema F" first="Fasil" last="Tessema">Fasil Tessema</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jimma</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Assegid, Sahilu" sort="Assegid, Sahilu" uniqKey="Assegid S" first="Sahilu" last="Assegid">Sahilu Assegid</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Jimma</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Duchateau, Luc" sort="Duchateau, Luc" uniqKey="Duchateau L" first="Luc" last="Duchateau">Luc Duchateau</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Physiology and Biometrics, Ghent University, Belgium</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Physiology and Biometrics, Ghent University</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Gand</settlement><region>Région flamande</region><region type="district" nuts="2">Province de Flandre-Orientale</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Gand</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Colebunders, Robert" sort="Colebunders, Robert" uniqKey="Colebunders R" first="Robert" last="Colebunders">Robert Colebunders</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Epidemiology and Social Sciences, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Epidemiology and Social Sciences, Antwerp University, Antwerp</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Antwerp</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">Departments of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Departments of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Antwerp</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences</title><idno type="ISSN">1029-1857</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Determinants of active tuberculosis among People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) are not well elucidated in countries with limited resources. The objective of this study was to assess distal and proximate determinants of active tuberculosis among people living with HIV/AIDS in southwest Ethiopia.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods"><title>Methods</title><p>A case-control study was conducted from January to March, 2009 in South West Ethiopia. The study population consisted of 162 cases and 647 controls. Cases were adult people living with HIV/AIDS who developed active pulmonary tuberculosis and controls were people living with HIV/AIDS without active tuberculosis. An interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect information on potential risk factors.</p></sec><sec sec-type="results"><title>Results</title><p>After adjustment for potential confounders, male gender (OR=1.7; 95%CI: 1.1, 2.7), a low level of education (OR=2.8; 95% CI: 1.1, 7.1), a body mass index less than 18.5 kg/m2 (OR=4.1; 95% CI: 2.3, 7.4), hemoglobin level less than 10.0 g/dl (OR=2.8; 95%CI: 1.5, 5.2), a CD4 lymphocyte count less than 200 cells/µL (OR=9.8‘95% CI: 5.5, 17.5), a WHO clinical stage IV (OR=4.3; 95% CI: 2.6, 6.8), not taking antiretroviral treatment (OR=3.1; 95%CI: 1.9,4.9), an infection with helminthes (OR=2.2; 95% CI: 1.4, 3.4), a history of contact with a tuberculosis patient in the family (OR=2.0; 95% CI: 1.2, 3.3), and living in a house made of mud wall (OR=3.7; 95% CI: 1.5, 7.5) were independently associated with the development of active tuberculosis in people living with HIV/AIDS.</p></sec><sec sec-type="conclusions"><title>Conclusion</title><p>All people living with HIV/AIDS should be screened for tuberculosis but in the presence of the risk factors mentioned above, intensified screening is recommended.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lonnroth, K" uniqKey="Lonnroth K">K Lonnroth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jaramillo, E" uniqKey="Jaramillo E">E Jaramillo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Williams, Bg" uniqKey="Williams B">BG Williams</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dye, C" uniqKey="Dye C">C Dye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Raviglione, M" uniqKey="Raviglione M">M Raviglione</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yim, Jj" uniqKey="Yim J">JJ Yim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Selvaraj, P" uniqKey="Selvaraj P">P Selvaraj</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name 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uniqKey="Britton S">S Britton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fine, Pe" uniqKey="Fine P">PE Fine</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Singh, M" uniqKey="Singh M">M Singh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Balamurugan, A" uniqKey="Balamurugan A">A Balamurugan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Katoch, K" uniqKey="Katoch K">K Katoch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sharma, Sk" uniqKey="Sharma S">SK Sharma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mehra, Nk" uniqKey="Mehra N">NK Mehra</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Ethiop J Health Sci</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Ethiop J Health Sci</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1029-1857</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Research and Publications Office of Jimma University</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Jimma, Ethiopia</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22434992</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3275862</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">jEJHS.v21.i2.pg131</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Risk Factors of Active Tuberculosis in People Living with HIV/AIDS in Southwest Ethiopia: A Case Control Study</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Taha</surname><given-names>Mohammed</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Deribew</surname><given-names>Amare</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tessema</surname><given-names>Fasil</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Assegid</surname><given-names>Sahilu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Duchateau</surname><given-names>Luc</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Colebunders</surname><given-names>Robert</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Department of Epidemiology and Social Sciences, Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Department of Physiology and Biometrics, Ghent University, Belgium</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label>Departments of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium</aff><author-notes><corresp>*Corresponding author: email- <email>amare_deribew@yahoo.com</email>/<email>amare.deribew@ju.edu.et</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>7</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>21</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>131</fpage><lpage>139</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © Jimma University, Research & Publications Office 2011</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year></permissions><abstract abstract-type="executive-summary"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Determinants of active tuberculosis among People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) are not well elucidated in countries with limited resources. The objective of this study was to assess distal and proximate determinants of active tuberculosis among people living with HIV/AIDS in southwest Ethiopia.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods"><title>Methods</title><p>A case-control study was conducted from January to March, 2009 in South West Ethiopia. The study population consisted of 162 cases and 647 controls. Cases were adult people living with HIV/AIDS who developed active pulmonary tuberculosis and controls were people living with HIV/AIDS without active tuberculosis. An interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect information on potential risk factors.</p></sec><sec sec-type="results"><title>Results</title><p>After adjustment for potential confounders, male gender (OR=1.7; 95%CI: 1.1, 2.7), a low level of education (OR=2.8; 95% CI: 1.1, 7.1), a body mass index less than 18.5 kg/m2 (OR=4.1; 95% CI: 2.3, 7.4), hemoglobin level less than 10.0 g/dl (OR=2.8; 95%CI: 1.5, 5.2), a CD4 lymphocyte count less than 200 cells/µL (OR=9.8‘95% CI: 5.5, 17.5), a WHO clinical stage IV (OR=4.3; 95% CI: 2.6, 6.8), not taking antiretroviral treatment (OR=3.1; 95%CI: 1.9,4.9), an infection with helminthes (OR=2.2; 95% CI: 1.4, 3.4), a history of contact with a tuberculosis patient in the family (OR=2.0; 95% CI: 1.2, 3.3), and living in a house made of mud wall (OR=3.7; 95% CI: 1.5, 7.5) were independently associated with the development of active tuberculosis in people living with HIV/AIDS.</p></sec><sec sec-type="conclusions"><title>Conclusion</title><p>All people living with HIV/AIDS should be screened for tuberculosis but in the presence of the risk factors mentioned above, intensified screening is recommended.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Active TB</kwd><kwd>HIV</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>case control study</kwd><kwd>Southwest Ethiopia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Belgique</li><li>Éthiopie</li></country><region><li>Province de Flandre-Orientale</li><li>Région flamande</li></region><settlement><li>Gand</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université de Gand</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Éthiopie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Taha, Mohammed" sort="Taha, Mohammed" uniqKey="Taha M" first="Mohammed" last="Taha">Mohammed Taha</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Assegid, Sahilu" sort="Assegid, Sahilu" uniqKey="Assegid S" first="Sahilu" last="Assegid">Sahilu Assegid</name><name sortKey="Deribew, Amare" sort="Deribew, Amare" uniqKey="Deribew A" first="Amare" last="Deribew">Amare Deribew</name><name sortKey="Tessema, Fasil" sort="Tessema, Fasil" uniqKey="Tessema F" first="Fasil" last="Tessema">Fasil Tessema</name></country><country name="Belgique"><noRegion><name sortKey="Deribew, Amare" sort="Deribew, Amare" uniqKey="Deribew A" first="Amare" last="Deribew">Amare Deribew</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Colebunders, Robert" sort="Colebunders, Robert" uniqKey="Colebunders R" first="Robert" last="Colebunders">Robert Colebunders</name><name sortKey="Colebunders, Robert" sort="Colebunders, Robert" uniqKey="Colebunders R" first="Robert" last="Colebunders">Robert Colebunders</name><name sortKey="Duchateau, Luc" sort="Duchateau, Luc" uniqKey="Duchateau L" first="Luc" last="Duchateau">Luc Duchateau</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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