Viral Shedding in Patients Infected with Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus in Kenya, 2009
Identifieur interne : 001344 ( Ncbi/Curation ); précédent : 001343; suivant : 001345Viral Shedding in Patients Infected with Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus in Kenya, 2009
Auteurs : Lilian W. Waiboci [Kenya] ; Emmaculate Lebo [Kenya] ; John M. Williamson [Kenya] ; William Mwiti [Kenya] ; Gilbert K. Kikwai [Kenya] ; Henry Njuguna [Kenya] ; Beatrice Olack [Kenya] ; Robert F. Breiman [Kenya] ; M. Kariuki Njenga [Kenya] ; Mark A. Katz [Kenya, États-Unis]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
Understanding shedding patterns of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) (pH1N1) can inform recommendations about infection control measures. We evaluated the duration of pH1N1 virus shedding in patients in Nairobi, Kenya.
Nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) specimens were collected from consenting laboratory-confirmed pH1N1 cases every 2 days during October 14–November 25, 2009, and tested at the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention-Kenya by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). A subset of rRT-PCR-positive samples was cultured.
Of 285 NP/OP specimens from patients with acute respiratory illness, 140 (49%) tested positive for pH1N1 by rRT-PCR; 106 (76%) patients consented and were enrolled. The median age was 6 years (Range: 4 months–41 years); only two patients, both asthmatic, received oseltamivir. The median duration of pH1N1 detection after illness onset was 8 days (95% CI: 7–10 days) for rRT-PCR and 3 days (Range: 0–13 days) for viral isolation. Viable pH1N1 virus was isolated from 132/162 (81%) of rRT-PCR-positive specimens, which included 118/125 (94%) rRT-PCR-positive specimens collected on day 0–7 after symptoms onset. Viral RNA was detectable in 18 (17%) and virus isolated in 7/18 (39%) of specimens collected from patients after all their symptoms had resolved.
In this cohort, pH1N1 was detected by rRT-PCR for a median of 8 days. There was a strong correlation between rRT-PCR results and virus isolation in the first week of illness. In some patients, pH1N1 virus was detectable after all their symptoms had resolved.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020320
PubMed: 21695203
PubMed Central: 3112167
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Waiboci</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lebo, Emmaculate" sort="Lebo, Emmaculate" uniqKey="Lebo E" first="Emmaculate" last="Lebo">Emmaculate Lebo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Williamson, John M" sort="Williamson, John M" uniqKey="Williamson J" first="John M." last="Williamson">John M. Williamson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mwiti, William" sort="Mwiti, William" uniqKey="Mwiti W" first="William" last="Mwiti">William Mwiti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Kenya Medical Research Institute/US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Kenya Medical Research Institute/US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kikwai, Gilbert K" sort="Kikwai, Gilbert K" uniqKey="Kikwai G" first="Gilbert K." last="Kikwai">Gilbert K. Kikwai</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Kenya Medical Research Institute/US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Kenya Medical Research Institute/US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Njuguna, Henry" sort="Njuguna, Henry" uniqKey="Njuguna H" first="Henry" last="Njuguna">Henry Njuguna</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Kenya Medical Research Institute/US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Kenya Medical Research Institute/US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olack, Beatrice" sort="Olack, Beatrice" uniqKey="Olack B" first="Beatrice" last="Olack">Beatrice Olack</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Kenya Medical Research Institute/US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Kenya Medical Research Institute/US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Breiman, Robert F" sort="Breiman, Robert F" uniqKey="Breiman R" first="Robert F." last="Breiman">Robert F. Breiman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Njenga, M Kariuki" sort="Njenga, M Kariuki" uniqKey="Njenga M" first="M. Kariuki" last="Njenga">M. Kariuki Njenga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Katz, Mark A" sort="Katz, Mark A" uniqKey="Katz M" first="Mark A." last="Katz">Mark A. Katz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Nairobi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nairobi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Understanding shedding patterns of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) (pH1N1) can inform recommendations about infection control measures. We evaluated the duration of pH1N1 virus shedding in patients in Nairobi, Kenya.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) specimens were collected from consenting laboratory-confirmed pH1N1 cases every 2 days during October 14–November 25, 2009, and tested at the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention-Kenya by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). A subset of rRT-PCR-positive samples was cultured.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Of 285 NP/OP specimens from patients with acute respiratory illness, 140 (49%) tested positive for pH1N1 by rRT-PCR; 106 (76%) patients consented and were enrolled. The median age was 6 years (Range: 4 months–41 years); only two patients, both asthmatic, received oseltamivir. The median duration of pH1N1 detection after illness onset was 8 days (95% CI: 7–10 days) for rRT-PCR and 3 days (Range: 0–13 days) for viral isolation. Viable pH1N1 virus was isolated from 132/162 (81%) of rRT-PCR-positive specimens, which included 118/125 (94%) rRT-PCR-positive specimens collected on day 0–7 after symptoms onset. Viral RNA was detectable in 18 (17%) and virus isolated in 7/18 (39%) of specimens collected from patients after all their symptoms had resolved.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>In this cohort, pH1N1 was detected by rRT-PCR for a median of 8 days. There was a strong correlation between rRT-PCR results and virus isolation in the first week of illness. In some patients, pH1N1 virus was detectable after all their symptoms had resolved.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, N" uniqKey="Lee N">N Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Pk" uniqKey="Chan P">PK Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, Ds" uniqKey="Hui D">DS Hui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rainer, Th" uniqKey="Rainer T">TH Rainer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, E" uniqKey="Wong E">E Wong</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cao, B" uniqKey="Cao B">B Cao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Xw" uniqKey="Li X">XW Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mao, Y" uniqKey="Mao Y">Y Mao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, J" uniqKey="Wang J">J Wang</name></author><author><name 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| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Curation/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a SidaSubSaharaV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.32. |  |