Mortality in women of reproductive age in rural South Africa
Identifieur interne : 002550 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 002549; suivant : 002551Mortality in women of reproductive age in rural South Africa
Auteurs : Dorean Nabukalu [Afrique du Sud, Ouganda] ; Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch [Afrique du Sud, Pays-Bas] ; Kobus Herbst [Afrique du Sud] ; Marie-Louise Newell [Afrique du Sud, Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Global Health Action [ 1654-9716 ] ; 2013.
Abstract
To determine causes of death and associated risk factors in women of reproductive age in rural South Africa.
Deaths and person-years of observation (pyo) were determined for females (aged 15–49 years) resident in 15,526 households in a rural South African Demographic and Health Surveillance site from 2000 to 2009. Cause of death was ascertained by verbal autopsy and ICD-10 coded; causes were categorized as HIV/TB, non-communicable, communicable/maternal/perinatal/nutrition, injuries, and undetermined (unknown). Characteristics of women were obtained from regularly updated household visits, while HIV and self-reported health status was obtained from the annual HIV surveillance. Overall and cause-specific mortality rates (MRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The Weibull regression model (HR, 95% CI) was used to determine risk factors associated with mortality.
A total of 42,703 eligible women were included; 3,098 deaths were reported for 212,607 pyo. Overall MRwas 14.6 deaths/1,000 pyo (95% CI: 14.1–15.1), peaking in 2003 (MR 18.2/1,000 pyo, 95% CI: 16.4–20.1) and declining thereafter (2009: MR 9.6/1,000 pyo, 95% CI: 8.4–10.9). Mortality was highest for HIV/TB (MR 10.6/1,000 pyo, 95% CI: 10.2–11.1), accounting for 73.1% of all deaths, ranging from 61.2% in 2009 to 82.7% in 2002. Adjusting for education level, marital status, age, employment status, area of residence, and migration, all-cause mortality was associated with external migration (adjusted hazard ratio, or aHR), 1.70, 95% CI: 1.41–2.05), self-reported poor health status (aHR 8.26, 95% CI: 2.94–23.15), and HIV-infection (aHR 7.84, 95% CI: 6.26–9.82); external migration and HIV infection were also associated with causes of mortality other than HIV/TB (aHR 1.62, 95% CI: 1.12–2.34 and aHR 2.59, 95% CI: 1.79–3.75).
HIV/TB was the leading cause of death among women of reproductive age, although rates declined with the rollout of HIV treatment in the area from 2004. Women's age, external migration status and HIV-positive status were significantly associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
Url:
DOI: 10.3402/gha.v6i0.22834
PubMed: 24360403
PubMed Central: 3869952
Affiliations:
- Afrique du Sud, Ouganda, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni
- Gauteng, Utrecht (province)
- Johannesbourg, Utrecht
- Université du Witwatersrand
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Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0002">Rakai Health Sciences Program, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouganda</country><wicri:regionArea>Rakai Health Sciences Program, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Entebbe</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klipstein Grobusch, Kerstin" sort="Klipstein Grobusch, Kerstin" uniqKey="Klipstein Grobusch K" first="Kerstin" last="Klipstein-Grobusch">Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="AF0001">Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université du Witwatersrand</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Johannesbourg</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Gauteng</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="AF0003">Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Julius Global Health, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement><region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herbst, Kobus" sort="Herbst, Kobus" uniqKey="Herbst K" first="Kobus" last="Herbst">Kobus Herbst</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0004">Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Somkhele, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Somkhele</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Somkhele</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Newell, Marie Louise" sort="Newell, Marie Louise" uniqKey="Newell M" first="Marie-Louise" last="Newell">Marie-Louise Newell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0004">Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Somkhele, South Africa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Afrique du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Somkhele</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Somkhele</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="AF0005">Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Southampton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Global Health Action</title><idno type="ISSN">1654-9716</idno><idno type="eISSN">1654-9880</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="st1"><title>Objective</title><p>To determine causes of death and associated risk factors in women of reproductive age in rural South Africa.</p></sec><sec id="st2"><title>Methods</title><p>Deaths and person-years of observation (pyo) were determined for females (aged 15–49 years) resident in 15,526 households in a rural South African Demographic and Health Surveillance site from 2000 to 2009. Cause of death was ascertained by verbal autopsy and ICD-10 coded; causes were categorized as HIV/TB, non-communicable, communicable/maternal/perinatal/nutrition, injuries, and undetermined (unknown). Characteristics of women were obtained from regularly updated household visits, while HIV and self-reported health status was obtained from the annual HIV surveillance. Overall and cause-specific mortality rates (MRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The Weibull regression model (HR, 95% CI) was used to determine risk factors associated with mortality.</p></sec><sec id="st3"><title>Results</title><p>A total of 42,703 eligible women were included; 3,098 deaths were reported for 212,607 pyo. Overall MRwas 14.6 deaths/1,000 pyo (95% CI: 14.1–15.1), peaking in 2003 (MR 18.2/1,000 pyo, 95% CI: 16.4–20.1) and declining thereafter (2009: MR 9.6/1,000 pyo, 95% CI: 8.4–10.9). Mortality was highest for HIV/TB (MR 10.6/1,000 pyo, 95% CI: 10.2–11.1), accounting for 73.1% of all deaths, ranging from 61.2% in 2009 to 82.7% in 2002. Adjusting for education level, marital status, age, employment status, area of residence, and migration, all-cause mortality was associated with external migration (adjusted hazard ratio, or aHR), 1.70, 95% CI: 1.41–2.05), self-reported poor health status (aHR 8.26, 95% CI: 2.94–23.15), and HIV-infection (aHR 7.84, 95% CI: 6.26–9.82); external migration and HIV infection were also associated with causes of mortality other than HIV/TB (aHR 1.62, 95% CI: 1.12–2.34 and aHR 2.59, 95% CI: 1.79–3.75).</p></sec><sec id="st4"><title>Conclusion</title><p>HIV/TB was the leading cause of death among women of reproductive age, although rates declined with the rollout of HIV treatment in the area from 2004. Women's age, external migration status and HIV-positive status were significantly associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lopez, Ad" uniqKey="Lopez A">AD Lopez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mathers, Cd" uniqKey="Mathers C">CD Mathers</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mathers, Cd" uniqKey="Mathers C">CD Mathers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boerma, T" uniqKey="Boerma T">T Boerma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ma Fat, D" uniqKey="Ma Fat D">D Ma Fat</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abouzahr, C" uniqKey="Abouzahr C">C AbouZahr</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alvarez, J" uniqKey="Alvarez J">J Alvarez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gil, R" uniqKey="Gil R">R 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uniqKey="Bradshaw D">D Bradshaw</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schneider, M" uniqKey="Schneider M">M Schneider</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pieterse, D" uniqKey="Pieterse D">D Pieterse</name></author><author><name sortKey="Groenewald, P" uniqKey="Groenewald P">P Groenewald</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tanser, F" uniqKey="Tanser F">F Tanser</name></author><author><name sortKey="B Rnighausen, T" uniqKey="B Rnighausen T">T Bärnighausen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grapsa, E" uniqKey="Grapsa E">E Grapsa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zaidi, J" uniqKey="Zaidi J">J Zaidi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Newell, Ml" uniqKey="Newell M">ML Newell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Olgiati, A" uniqKey="Olgiati A">A Olgiati</name></author><author><name sortKey="B Rnighausen, T" uniqKey="B Rnighausen T">T Bärnighausen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Newell, Ml" uniqKey="Newell M">ML Newell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zvandasara, P" uniqKey="Zvandasara P">P Zvandasara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hargrove, Jw" uniqKey="Hargrove J">JW Hargrove</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ntozini, R" uniqKey="Ntozini R">R Ntozini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chidawanyika, H" uniqKey="Chidawanyika H">H Chidawanyika</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mutasa, K" uniqKey="Mutasa K">K Mutasa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Iliff, Pj" uniqKey="Iliff P">PJ Iliff</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Afrique du Sud</li><li>Ouganda</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li></country><region><li>Gauteng</li><li>Utrecht (province)</li></region><settlement><li>Johannesbourg</li><li>Utrecht</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université du Witwatersrand</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Afrique du Sud"><region name="Gauteng"><name sortKey="Nabukalu, Dorean" sort="Nabukalu, Dorean" uniqKey="Nabukalu D" first="Dorean" last="Nabukalu">Dorean Nabukalu</name></region><name sortKey="Herbst, Kobus" sort="Herbst, Kobus" uniqKey="Herbst K" first="Kobus" last="Herbst">Kobus Herbst</name><name sortKey="Klipstein Grobusch, Kerstin" sort="Klipstein Grobusch, Kerstin" uniqKey="Klipstein Grobusch K" first="Kerstin" last="Klipstein-Grobusch">Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch</name><name sortKey="Newell, Marie Louise" sort="Newell, Marie Louise" uniqKey="Newell M" first="Marie-Louise" last="Newell">Marie-Louise Newell</name></country><country name="Ouganda"><noRegion><name sortKey="Nabukalu, Dorean" sort="Nabukalu, Dorean" uniqKey="Nabukalu D" first="Dorean" last="Nabukalu">Dorean Nabukalu</name></noRegion></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><region name="Utrecht (province)"><name sortKey="Klipstein Grobusch, Kerstin" sort="Klipstein Grobusch, Kerstin" uniqKey="Klipstein Grobusch K" first="Kerstin" last="Klipstein-Grobusch">Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch</name></region></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Newell, Marie Louise" sort="Newell, Marie Louise" uniqKey="Newell M" first="Marie-Louise" last="Newell">Marie-Louise Newell</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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