Porn video shows, local brew, and transactional sex: HIV risk among youth in Kisumu, Kenya
Identifieur interne : 003C18 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 003C17; suivant : 003C19Porn video shows, local brew, and transactional sex: HIV risk among youth in Kisumu, Kenya
Auteurs : Carolyne Njue [Pays-Bas] ; Helene Acm Voeten [Pays-Bas] ; Pieter Remes [Royaume-Uni, Belgique]Source :
- BMC Public Health [ 1471-2458 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
Kisumu has shown a rising HIV prevalence over the past sentinel surveillance surveys, and most new infections are occurring among youth. We conducted a qualitative study to explore risk situations that can explain the high HIV prevalence among youth in Kisumu town, Kenya
We conducted in-depth interviews with 150 adolescents aged 15 to 20, held 4 focus group discussions, and made 48 observations at places where youth spend their free time.
Porn video shows and local brew dens were identified as popular events where unprotected multipartner, concurrent, coerced and transactional sex occurs between adolescents. Video halls - rooms with a TV and VCR - often show pornography at night for a very small fee, and minors are allowed. Forced sex, gang rape and multiple concurrent relationships characterised the sexual encounters of youth, frequently facilitated by the abuse of alcohol, which is available for minors at low cost in local brew dens. For many sexually active girls, their vulnerability to STI/HIV infection is enhanced due to financial inequality, gender-related power difference and cultural norms. The desire for love and sexual pleasure also contributed to their multiple concurrent partnerships. A substantial number of girls and young women engaged in transactional sex, often with much older working partners. These partners had a stronger socio-economic position than young women, enabling them to use money/gifts as leverage for sex. Condom use was irregular during all types of sexual encounters.
In Kisumu, local brew dens and porn video halls facilitate risky sexual encounters between youth. These places should be regulated and monitored by the government. Our study strongly points to female vulnerabilities and the role of men in perpetuating the local epidemic. Young men should be targeted in prevention activities, to change their attitudes related to power and control in relationships. Girls should be empowered how to negotiate safe sex, and their poverty should be addressed through income-generating activities.
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-635
PubMed: 21824393
PubMed Central: 3199602
Affiliations:
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last="Voeten">Helene Acm Voeten</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>University Medical Center Rotterdam</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Remes, Pieter" sort="Remes, Pieter" uniqKey="Remes P" first="Pieter" last="Remes">Pieter Remes</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, Medical Research Council, Glasgow, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, Medical Research Council, Glasgow</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Glasgow</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Antwerp</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMC Public Health</title><idno type="eISSN">1471-2458</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Kisumu has shown a rising HIV prevalence over the past sentinel surveillance surveys, and most new infections are occurring among youth. We conducted a qualitative study to explore risk situations that can explain the high HIV prevalence among youth in Kisumu town, Kenya</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>We conducted in-depth interviews with 150 adolescents aged 15 to 20, held 4 focus group discussions, and made 48 observations at places where youth spend their free time.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Porn video shows and local brew dens were identified as popular events where unprotected multipartner, concurrent, coerced and transactional sex occurs between adolescents. Video halls - rooms with a TV and VCR - often show pornography at night for a very small fee, and minors are allowed. Forced sex, gang rape and multiple concurrent relationships characterised the sexual encounters of youth, frequently facilitated by the abuse of alcohol, which is available for minors at low cost in local brew dens. For many sexually active girls, their vulnerability to STI/HIV infection is enhanced due to financial inequality, gender-related power difference and cultural norms. The desire for love and sexual pleasure also contributed to their multiple concurrent partnerships. A substantial number of girls and young women engaged in transactional sex, often with much older working partners. These partners had a stronger socio-economic position than young women, enabling them to use money/gifts as leverage for sex. Condom use was irregular during all types of sexual encounters.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>In Kisumu, local brew dens and porn video halls facilitate risky sexual encounters between youth. These places should be regulated and monitored by the government. Our study strongly points to female vulnerabilities and the role of men in perpetuating the local epidemic. Young men should be targeted in prevention activities, to change their attitudes related to power and control in relationships. Girls should be empowered how to negotiate safe sex, and their poverty should be addressed through income-generating activities.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Glynn, Jr" uniqKey="Glynn J">JR Glynn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carael, M" uniqKey="Carael M">M Caraël</name></author><author><name sortKey="Auvert, B" uniqKey="Auvert B">B Auvert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kahindo, M" uniqKey="Kahindo M">M Kahindo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chege, J" uniqKey="Chege J">J Chege</name></author><author><name sortKey="Musonda, Rm" uniqKey="Musonda R">RM Musonda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kaona, F" uniqKey="Kaona F">F Kaona</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buve, A" uniqKey="Buve A">A Buvé</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Laga, M" uniqKey="Laga M">M Laga</name></author><author><name 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