Prevalence and correlates of GB virus C infection in HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected pregnant women in Bangkok, Thailand
Identifieur interne : 004083 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 004082; suivant : 004084Prevalence and correlates of GB virus C infection in HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected pregnant women in Bangkok, Thailand
Auteurs : Wendy Bhanich Supapol ; Robert S. Remis ; Janet Raboud ; Margaret Millson ; Jordan Tappero ; Rupert Kaul ; Prasad Kulkarni ; Michelle S. Mcconnell ; A. Mock Philip ; Janet M. Mcnicholl ; Anuvat Roongpisuthipong ; Tawee Chotpitayasunondh ; Nathan Shaffer ; Salvatore ButeraSource :
- Journal of Medical Virology [ 0146-6615 ] ; 2011-01.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Antibody, Antibody prevalence, Bangkok, Bhanich, Bhanich supapol, Bjorkman, Blood transfusion, Cell count, Cell percent, Clearance, Clin microbiol, Cohort, Detectable antibody, Digestion products, Disease control, Early stage, England biolabs, Envelope protein, Genotype, Global aids program, Grant number, Grant sponsor, Hepatitis, High prevalence, High rate, Higher lifetime number, Hivinfected women, Hivuninfected women, Immune systems, Infection, Infection status, Injection drug user, Inner sense primers, Invitrogen corp, Lefrere, Lifetime number, Logistic regression, Longitudinal studies, Maternal infection, Maternal receipt, Multiple genotypes, Multivariate, Multivariate analysis, Multivariate model, Odds ratios, Other cohorts, Parenteral, Parenteral risk behaviors, Parenteral transmission, Perinatal, Perinatal studies, Perinatal study, Poor survival, Pregnant women, Prevalence, Primer, Public health, Restriction digestion, Restriction enzymes, Rflp analysis, Risk behavior variables, Risk factors, Sexual activity, Sexual partners, Shaffer, Siriraj hospital, Stapleton, Study group, Study participation, Study periods, Study population, Study study, Supapol, Survival bias, Thai women, Thailand, Thailand ministry, Transfusion, Transmission studies, Transmission study group, Untranslated region, Untranslated region sequences, Viral, Viral clearance, Viral copies, Viral load, Viral loads, Virol, Virus, Virus infection, Virus type, Xiang.
- Teeft :
- Antibody, Antibody prevalence, Bangkok, Bhanich, Bhanich supapol, Bjorkman, Blood transfusion, Cell count, Cell percent, Clearance, Clin microbiol, Cohort, Detectable antibody, Digestion products, Disease control, Early stage, England biolabs, Envelope protein, Genotype, Global aids program, Grant number, Grant sponsor, Hepatitis, High prevalence, High rate, Higher lifetime number, Hivinfected women, Hivuninfected women, Immune systems, Infection, Infection status, Injection drug user, Inner sense primers, Invitrogen corp, Lefrere, Lifetime number, Logistic regression, Longitudinal studies, Maternal infection, Maternal receipt, Multiple genotypes, Multivariate, Multivariate analysis, Multivariate model, Odds ratios, Other cohorts, Parenteral, Parenteral risk behaviors, Parenteral transmission, Perinatal, Perinatal studies, Perinatal study, Poor survival, Pregnant women, Prevalence, Primer, Public health, Restriction digestion, Restriction enzymes, Rflp analysis, Risk behavior variables, Risk factors, Sexual activity, Sexual partners, Shaffer, Siriraj hospital, Stapleton, Study group, Study participation, Study periods, Study population, Study study, Supapol, Survival bias, Thai women, Thailand, Thailand ministry, Transfusion, Transmission studies, Transmission study group, Untranslated region, Untranslated region sequences, Viral, Viral clearance, Viral copies, Viral load, Viral loads, Virol, Virus, Virus infection, Virus type, Xiang.
Abstract
GB virus C (GBV‐C) is an apathogenic virus that has been shown to inhibit HIV replication. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of GBV‐C infection and clearance in three cohorts of pregnant women in Thailand. The study population consisted of 1,719 (1,387 HIV‐infected and 332 HIV‐uninfected) women from three Bangkok perinatal HIV transmission studies. Stored blood was tested for GBV‐C RNA, GBV‐C antibody, and if RNA‐positive, genotype. Risk factors associated with the prevalence of GBV‐C infection (defined as presence of GBV‐C RNA and/or antibody) and viral clearance (defined as presence of GBV‐C antibody in the absence of RNA) among women with GBV‐C infection were examined using multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of GBV‐C infection was 33% among HIV‐infected women and 15% among HIV‐uninfected women. GBV‐C infection was independently associated (AOR, 95% CI) with an increasing number of lifetime sexual partners (referent—1 partner, 2 partners [1.60, 1.22–2.08], 3–10 partners [1.92, 1.39–2.67], >10 partners [2.19, 1.33–3.62]); injection drug use (5.50, 2.12–14.2); and HIV infection (3.79, 2.58–5.59). Clearance of GBV‐C RNA among women with evidence of GBV‐C infection was independently associated with increasing age in years (referent <20, 20–29 [2.01, 1.06–3.79] and ≥30 [3.18, 1.53–6.60]), more than 10 lifetime sexual partners (3.05, 1.38–6.75), and HIV infection (0.29, 0.14–0.59). This study found that GBV‐C infection is a common infection among Thai women and is associated with HIV infection and both sexual and parenteral risk behaviors. J. Med. Virol. 83:33–44, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21946
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ISTEX:C6AD29AF204B5BE50C0C6F0BA282A941D0CF526CLe document en format XML
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Mcnicholl</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roongpisuthipong, Anuvat" sort="Roongpisuthipong, Anuvat" uniqKey="Roongpisuthipong A" first="Anuvat" last="Roongpisuthipong">Anuvat Roongpisuthipong</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee" sort="Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee" uniqKey="Chotpitayasunondh T" first="Tawee" last="Chotpitayasunondh">Tawee Chotpitayasunondh</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shaffer, Nathan" sort="Shaffer, Nathan" uniqKey="Shaffer N" first="Nathan" last="Shaffer">Nathan Shaffer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Global AIDS Program, Thailand MOPH—U.S. CDC Collaboration, CDC, Nonthaburi, Thailand</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Global AIDS Program, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Butera, Salvatore" sort="Butera, Salvatore" uniqKey="Butera S" first="Salvatore" last="Butera">Salvatore Butera</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:C6AD29AF204B5BE50C0C6F0BA282A941D0CF526C</idno><date when="2011" year="2011">2011</date><idno type="doi">10.1002/jmv.21946</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/C6AD29AF204B5BE50C0C6F0BA282A941D0CF526C/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">004083</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">004083</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Prevalence and correlates of GB virus C infection in HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected pregnant women in Bangkok, Thailand<ref type="note" target="#fn1"></ref></title><author><name sortKey="Bhanich Supapol, Wendy" sort="Bhanich Supapol, Wendy" uniqKey="Bhanich Supapol W" first="Wendy" last="Bhanich Supapol">Wendy Bhanich Supapol</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: supapol@cogeco.ca</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Correspondence address: Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Univeristy of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 3M7.===</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Remis, Robert S" sort="Remis, Robert S" uniqKey="Remis R" first="Robert S." last="Remis">Robert S. Remis</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raboud, Janet" sort="Raboud, Janet" uniqKey="Raboud J" first="Janet" last="Raboud">Janet Raboud</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Millson, Margaret" sort="Millson, Margaret" uniqKey="Millson M" first="Margaret" last="Millson">Margaret Millson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tappero, Jordan" sort="Tappero, Jordan" uniqKey="Tappero J" first="Jordan" last="Tappero">Jordan Tappero</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Global AIDS Program, Thailand MOPH—U.S. CDC Collaboration, CDC, Nonthaburi, Thailand</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Global AIDS Program, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kaul, Rupert" sort="Kaul, Rupert" uniqKey="Kaul R" first="Rupert" last="Kaul">Rupert Kaul</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kulkarni, Prasad" sort="Kulkarni, Prasad" uniqKey="Kulkarni P" first="Prasad" last="Kulkarni">Prasad Kulkarni</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcconnell, Michelle S" sort="Mcconnell, Michelle S" uniqKey="Mcconnell M" first="Michelle S." last="Mcconnell">Michelle S. Mcconnell</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Global AIDS Program, Thailand MOPH—U.S. CDC Collaboration, CDC, Nonthaburi, Thailand</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Philip, A Mock" sort="Philip, A Mock" uniqKey="Philip A" first="A. Mock" last="Philip">A. Mock Philip</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Thailand MOPH—U.S. CDC Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcnicholl, Janet M" sort="Mcnicholl, Janet M" uniqKey="Mcnicholl J" first="Janet M." last="Mcnicholl">Janet M. Mcnicholl</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roongpisuthipong, Anuvat" sort="Roongpisuthipong, Anuvat" uniqKey="Roongpisuthipong A" first="Anuvat" last="Roongpisuthipong">Anuvat Roongpisuthipong</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee" sort="Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee" uniqKey="Chotpitayasunondh T" first="Tawee" last="Chotpitayasunondh">Tawee Chotpitayasunondh</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shaffer, Nathan" sort="Shaffer, Nathan" uniqKey="Shaffer N" first="Nathan" last="Shaffer">Nathan Shaffer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Global AIDS Program, Thailand MOPH—U.S. CDC Collaboration, CDC, Nonthaburi, Thailand</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Global AIDS Program, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Butera, Salvatore" sort="Butera, Salvatore" uniqKey="Butera S" first="Salvatore" last="Butera">Salvatore Butera</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of Medical Virology</title><title level="j" type="alt">JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY</title><idno type="ISSN">0146-6615</idno><idno type="eISSN">1096-9071</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">83</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="33">33</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="44">44</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">12</biblScope><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-01">2011-01</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0146-6615</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0146-6615</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Antibody</term><term>Antibody prevalence</term><term>Bangkok</term><term>Bhanich</term><term>Bhanich supapol</term><term>Bjorkman</term><term>Blood transfusion</term><term>Cell count</term><term>Cell percent</term><term>Clearance</term><term>Clin microbiol</term><term>Cohort</term><term>Detectable antibody</term><term>Digestion products</term><term>Disease control</term><term>Early stage</term><term>England biolabs</term><term>Envelope protein</term><term>Genotype</term><term>Global aids program</term><term>Grant number</term><term>Grant sponsor</term><term>Hepatitis</term><term>High prevalence</term><term>High rate</term><term>Higher lifetime number</term><term>Hivinfected women</term><term>Hivuninfected women</term><term>Immune systems</term><term>Infection</term><term>Infection status</term><term>Injection drug user</term><term>Inner sense primers</term><term>Invitrogen corp</term><term>Lefrere</term><term>Lifetime number</term><term>Logistic regression</term><term>Longitudinal studies</term><term>Maternal infection</term><term>Maternal receipt</term><term>Multiple genotypes</term><term>Multivariate</term><term>Multivariate analysis</term><term>Multivariate model</term><term>Odds ratios</term><term>Other cohorts</term><term>Parenteral</term><term>Parenteral risk behaviors</term><term>Parenteral transmission</term><term>Perinatal</term><term>Perinatal studies</term><term>Perinatal study</term><term>Poor survival</term><term>Pregnant women</term><term>Prevalence</term><term>Primer</term><term>Public health</term><term>Restriction digestion</term><term>Restriction enzymes</term><term>Rflp analysis</term><term>Risk behavior variables</term><term>Risk factors</term><term>Sexual activity</term><term>Sexual partners</term><term>Shaffer</term><term>Siriraj hospital</term><term>Stapleton</term><term>Study group</term><term>Study participation</term><term>Study periods</term><term>Study population</term><term>Study study</term><term>Supapol</term><term>Survival bias</term><term>Thai women</term><term>Thailand</term><term>Thailand ministry</term><term>Transfusion</term><term>Transmission studies</term><term>Transmission study group</term><term>Untranslated region</term><term>Untranslated region sequences</term><term>Viral</term><term>Viral clearance</term><term>Viral copies</term><term>Viral load</term><term>Viral loads</term><term>Virol</term><term>Virus</term><term>Virus infection</term><term>Virus type</term><term>Xiang</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Antibody</term><term>Antibody prevalence</term><term>Bangkok</term><term>Bhanich</term><term>Bhanich supapol</term><term>Bjorkman</term><term>Blood transfusion</term><term>Cell count</term><term>Cell percent</term><term>Clearance</term><term>Clin microbiol</term><term>Cohort</term><term>Detectable antibody</term><term>Digestion products</term><term>Disease control</term><term>Early stage</term><term>England biolabs</term><term>Envelope protein</term><term>Genotype</term><term>Global aids program</term><term>Grant number</term><term>Grant sponsor</term><term>Hepatitis</term><term>High prevalence</term><term>High rate</term><term>Higher lifetime number</term><term>Hivinfected women</term><term>Hivuninfected women</term><term>Immune systems</term><term>Infection</term><term>Infection status</term><term>Injection drug user</term><term>Inner sense primers</term><term>Invitrogen corp</term><term>Lefrere</term><term>Lifetime number</term><term>Logistic regression</term><term>Longitudinal studies</term><term>Maternal infection</term><term>Maternal receipt</term><term>Multiple genotypes</term><term>Multivariate</term><term>Multivariate analysis</term><term>Multivariate model</term><term>Odds ratios</term><term>Other cohorts</term><term>Parenteral</term><term>Parenteral risk behaviors</term><term>Parenteral transmission</term><term>Perinatal</term><term>Perinatal studies</term><term>Perinatal study</term><term>Poor survival</term><term>Pregnant women</term><term>Prevalence</term><term>Primer</term><term>Public health</term><term>Restriction digestion</term><term>Restriction enzymes</term><term>Rflp analysis</term><term>Risk behavior variables</term><term>Risk factors</term><term>Sexual activity</term><term>Sexual partners</term><term>Shaffer</term><term>Siriraj hospital</term><term>Stapleton</term><term>Study group</term><term>Study participation</term><term>Study periods</term><term>Study population</term><term>Study study</term><term>Supapol</term><term>Survival bias</term><term>Thai women</term><term>Thailand</term><term>Thailand ministry</term><term>Transfusion</term><term>Transmission studies</term><term>Transmission study group</term><term>Untranslated region</term><term>Untranslated region sequences</term><term>Viral</term><term>Viral clearance</term><term>Viral copies</term><term>Viral load</term><term>Viral loads</term><term>Virol</term><term>Virus</term><term>Virus infection</term><term>Virus type</term><term>Xiang</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">GB virus C (GBV‐C) is an apathogenic virus that has been shown to inhibit HIV replication. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of GBV‐C infection and clearance in three cohorts of pregnant women in Thailand. The study population consisted of 1,719 (1,387 HIV‐infected and 332 HIV‐uninfected) women from three Bangkok perinatal HIV transmission studies. Stored blood was tested for GBV‐C RNA, GBV‐C antibody, and if RNA‐positive, genotype. Risk factors associated with the prevalence of GBV‐C infection (defined as presence of GBV‐C RNA and/or antibody) and viral clearance (defined as presence of GBV‐C antibody in the absence of RNA) among women with GBV‐C infection were examined using multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of GBV‐C infection was 33% among HIV‐infected women and 15% among HIV‐uninfected women. GBV‐C infection was independently associated (AOR, 95% CI) with an increasing number of lifetime sexual partners (referent—1 partner, 2 partners [1.60, 1.22–2.08], 3–10 partners [1.92, 1.39–2.67], >10 partners [2.19, 1.33–3.62]); injection drug use (5.50, 2.12–14.2); and HIV infection (3.79, 2.58–5.59). Clearance of GBV‐C RNA among women with evidence of GBV‐C infection was independently associated with increasing age in years (referent <20, 20–29 [2.01, 1.06–3.79] and ≥30 [3.18, 1.53–6.60]), more than 10 lifetime sexual partners (3.05, 1.38–6.75), and HIV infection (0.29, 0.14–0.59). This study found that GBV‐C infection is a common infection among Thai women and is associated with HIV infection and both sexual and parenteral risk behaviors. J. Med. 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Remis</name><affiliations><json:string>Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Janet Raboud</name><affiliations><json:string>Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</json:string><json:string>University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Margaret Millson</name><affiliations><json:string>Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jordan Tappero</name><affiliations><json:string>Global AIDS Program, Thailand MOPH—U.S. CDC Collaboration, CDC, Nonthaburi, Thailand</json:string><json:string>Global AIDS Program, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Rupert Kaul</name><affiliations><json:string>University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</json:string><json:string>Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Prasad Kulkarni</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Michelle S. McConnell</name><affiliations><json:string>Global AIDS Program, Thailand MOPH—U.S. CDC Collaboration, CDC, Nonthaburi, Thailand</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A. Mock Philip</name><affiliations><json:string>Thailand MOPH—U.S. CDC Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Janet M. McNicholl</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Anuvat Roongpisuthipong</name><affiliations><json:string>Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Tawee Chotpitayasunondh</name><affiliations><json:string>Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Nathan Shaffer</name><affiliations><json:string>Global AIDS Program, Thailand MOPH—U.S. CDC Collaboration, CDC, Nonthaburi, Thailand</json:string><json:string>Global AIDS Program, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Salvatore Butera</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>GBV‐C</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>HIV coinfection</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>risk factors</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>pregnant women</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Thailand</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>JMV21946</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>GB virus C (GBV‐C) is an apathogenic virus that has been shown to inhibit HIV replication. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of GBV‐C infection and clearance in three cohorts of pregnant women in Thailand. The study population consisted of 1,719 (1,387 HIV‐infected and 332 HIV‐uninfected) women from three Bangkok perinatal HIV transmission studies. Stored blood was tested for GBV‐C RNA, GBV‐C antibody, and if RNA‐positive, genotype. Risk factors associated with the prevalence of GBV‐C infection (defined as presence of GBV‐C RNA and/or antibody) and viral clearance (defined as presence of GBV‐C antibody in the absence of RNA) among women with GBV‐C infection were examined using multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of GBV‐C infection was 33% among HIV‐infected women and 15% among HIV‐uninfected women. GBV‐C infection was independently associated (AOR, 95% CI) with an increasing number of lifetime sexual partners (referent—1 partner, 2 partners [1.60, 1.22–2.08], 3–10 partners [1.92, 1.39–2.67], >10 partners [2.19, 1.33–3.62]); injection drug use (5.50, 2.12–14.2); and HIV infection (3.79, 2.58–5.59). Clearance of GBV‐C RNA among women with evidence of GBV‐C infection was independently associated with increasing age in years (referent >20, 20–29 [2.01, 1.06–3.79] and ≥30 [3.18, 1.53–6.60]), more than 10 lifetime sexual partners (3.05, 1.38–6.75), and HIV infection (0.29, 0.14–0.59). This study found that GBV‐C infection is a common infection among Thai women and is associated with HIV infection and both sexual and parenteral risk behaviors. J. Med. Virol. 83:33–44, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.892</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>594 x 792 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>1642</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>6812</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>45614</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>12</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>241</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Prevalence and correlates of GB virus C infection in HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected pregnant women in Bangkok, Thailand</title><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><title>Journal of Medical Virology</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9071</json:string></doi><issn><json:string>0146-6615</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>1096-9071</json:string></eissn><publisherId><json:string>JMV</json:string></publisherId><volume>83</volume><issue>1</issue><pages><first>33</first><last>44</last><total>12</total></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><subject><json:item><value>Research Article</value></json:item></subject></host><categories><wos><json:string>science</json:string><json:string>virology</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>health sciences</json:string><json:string>biomedical research</json:string><json:string>virology</json:string></scienceMetrix><inist><json:string>sciences appliquees, technologies et medecines</json:string><json:string>sciences biologiques et medicales</json:string><json:string>sciences 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xml:id="author-0000" role="corresp"><persName><forename type="first">Wendy</forename><surname>Bhanich Supapol</surname></persName><email>supapol@cogeco.ca</email><affiliation>Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada<address><country key="CA"></country></address></affiliation><affiliation>Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Univeristy of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 3M7.===</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Robert S.</forename><surname>Remis</surname></persName><affiliation>Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada<address><country key="CA"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Janet</forename><surname>Raboud</surname></persName><affiliation>Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of 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xml:id="author-0005"><persName><forename type="first">Rupert</forename><surname>Kaul</surname></persName><affiliation>University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada<address><country key="CA"></country></address></affiliation><affiliation>Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada<address><country key="CA"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0006"><persName><forename type="first">Prasad</forename><surname>Kulkarni</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia<address><country key="US"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0007"><persName><forename type="first">Michelle S.</forename><surname>McConnell</surname></persName><affiliation>Global AIDS Program, Thailand MOPH—U.S. CDC Collaboration, CDC, Nonthaburi, Thailand<address><country key="TH"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0008"><persName><forename type="first">A. Mock</forename><surname>Philip</surname></persName><affiliation>Thailand MOPH—U.S. CDC Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand<address><country key="TH"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0009"><persName><forename type="first">Janet M.</forename><surname>McNicholl</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia<address><country key="US"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0010"><persName><forename type="first">Anuvat</forename><surname>Roongpisuthipong</surname></persName><affiliation>Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand<address><country key="TH"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0011"><persName><forename type="first">Tawee</forename><surname>Chotpitayasunondh</surname></persName><affiliation>Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand<address><country key="TH"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0012"><persName><forename type="first">Nathan</forename><surname>Shaffer</surname></persName><affiliation>Global AIDS Program, Thailand MOPH—U.S. CDC Collaboration, CDC, Nonthaburi, Thailand<address><country key="TH"></country></address></affiliation><affiliation>Global AIDS Program, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia<address><country key="US"></country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0013"><persName><forename type="first">Salvatore</forename><surname>Butera</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia<address><country key="US"></country></address></affiliation></author><idno type="istex">C6AD29AF204B5BE50C0C6F0BA282A941D0CF526C</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-6HW10TMJ-B</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/jmv.21946</idno><idno type="unit">JMV21946</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:JMV.JMV21946.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j" type="main">Journal of Medical Virology</title><title level="j" type="alt">JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY</title><idno type="pISSN">0146-6615</idno><idno type="eISSN">1096-9071</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9071</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1002/jmv.v83:1</idno><idno type="product">JMV</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">83</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="33">33</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="44">44</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">12</biblScope><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><pubPlace>Hoboken</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-01"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><abstract xml:lang="en" style="main"><head>Abstract</head><p>GB virus C (GBV‐C) is an apathogenic virus that has been shown to inhibit HIV replication. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of GBV‐C infection and clearance in three cohorts of pregnant women in Thailand. The study population consisted of 1,719 (1,387 HIV‐infected and 332 HIV‐uninfected) women from three Bangkok perinatal HIV transmission studies. Stored blood was tested for GBV‐C RNA, GBV‐C antibody, and if RNA‐positive, genotype. Risk factors associated with the prevalence of GBV‐C infection (defined as presence of GBV‐C RNA and/or antibody) and viral clearance (defined as presence of GBV‐C antibody in the absence of RNA) among women with GBV‐C infection were examined using multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of GBV‐C infection was 33% among HIV‐infected women and 15% among HIV‐uninfected women. GBV‐C infection was independently associated (AOR, 95% CI) with an increasing number of lifetime sexual partners (referent—1 partner, 2 partners [1.60, 1.22–2.08], 3–10 partners [1.92, 1.39–2.67], >10 partners [2.19, 1.33–3.62]); injection drug use (5.50, 2.12–14.2); and HIV infection (3.79, 2.58–5.59). Clearance of GBV‐C RNA among women with evidence of GBV‐C infection was independently associated with increasing age in years (referent <20, 20–29 [2.01, 1.06–3.79] and ≥30 [3.18, 1.53–6.60]), more than 10 lifetime sexual partners (3.05, 1.38–6.75), and HIV infection (0.29, 0.14–0.59). This study found that GBV‐C infection is a common infection among Thai women and is associated with HIV infection and both sexual and parenteral risk behaviors. J. Med. Virol. 83:33–44, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords xml:lang="en"><term xml:id="kwd1">GBV‐C</term><term xml:id="kwd2">HIV coinfection</term><term xml:id="kwd3">risk factors</term><term xml:id="kwd4">pregnant women</term><term xml:id="kwd5">Thailand</term></keywords><keywords rend="articleCategory"><term>Research Article</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/C6AD29AF204B5BE50C0C6F0BA282A941D0CF526C/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisherName><publisherLoc>Hoboken</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9071</doi><issn type="print">0146-6615</issn><issn type="electronic">1096-9071</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="JMV"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY">Journal of Medical Virology</title><title type="short">J. 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Virol.</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="10"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/jmv.v83:1</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="83">83</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">1</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2011-01">January 2011</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="60" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/jmv.21946</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="JMV21946"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="12"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Research Article</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="publisher">Copyright © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2010-08-08"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:JWSART34_TO_WML3G version:2.3.27 mode:FullText" date="2010-11-23"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2010-11-24"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2010-11-24"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:4.0.1" date="2014-03-20"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-30"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">33</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">44</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Univeristy of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 3M7.===</correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:JMV.JMV21946.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="0"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="3"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="54"></count><count type="wordTotal" number="10051"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">Prevalence and correlates of GB virus C infection in HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected pregnant women in Bangkok, Thailand<link href="#fn1"></link></title><title type="short" xml:lang="en">Prevalence and Correlates of GBV‐C Infection</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="au1" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>Wendy</givenNames><familyName>Bhanich Supapol</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email>supapol@cogeco.ca</email></contactDetails></creator><creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Robert S.</givenNames><familyName>Remis</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1 #af2"><personName><givenNames>Janet</givenNames><familyName>Raboud</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af1"><personName><givenNames>Margaret</givenNames><familyName>Millson</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au5" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af3 #af4"><personName><givenNames>Jordan</givenNames><familyName>Tappero</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au6" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af2 #af5"><personName><givenNames>Rupert</givenNames><familyName>Kaul</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au7" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af6"><personName><givenNames>Prasad</givenNames><familyName>Kulkarni</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au8" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af3"><personName><givenNames>Michelle S.</givenNames><familyName>McConnell</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au9" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af7"><personName><givenNames>A. Mock</givenNames><familyName>Philip</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au10" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af6"><personName><givenNames>Janet M.</givenNames><familyName>McNicholl</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au11" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af8"><personName><givenNames>Anuvat</givenNames><familyName>Roongpisuthipong</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au12" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af9"><personName><givenNames>Tawee</givenNames><familyName>Chotpitayasunondh</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au13" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af3 #af4"><personName><givenNames>Nathan</givenNames><familyName>Shaffer</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au14" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#af6"><personName><givenNames>Salvatore</givenNames><familyName>Butera</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="af1" countryCode="CA" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af2" countryCode="CA" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af3" countryCode="TH" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Global AIDS Program, Thailand MOPH—U.S. CDC Collaboration, CDC, Nonthaburi, Thailand</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af4" countryCode="US" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Global AIDS Program, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af5" countryCode="CA" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af6" countryCode="US" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af7" countryCode="TH" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Thailand MOPH—U.S. CDC Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af8" countryCode="TH" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="af9" countryCode="TH" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">GBV‐C</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">HIV coinfection</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">risk factors</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">pregnant women</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd5">Thailand</keyword></keywordGroup><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Canadian Institutes of Health Research;</fundingAgency><fundingNumber>HP 64515</fundingNumber></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health;</fundingAgency><fundingNumber>5 R21 AI060538</fundingNumber></fundingInfo><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>GB virus C (GBV‐C) is an apathogenic virus that has been shown to inhibit HIV replication. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of GBV‐C infection and clearance in three cohorts of pregnant women in Thailand. The study population consisted of 1,719 (1,387 HIV‐infected and 332 HIV‐uninfected) women from three Bangkok perinatal HIV transmission studies. Stored blood was tested for GBV‐C RNA, GBV‐C antibody, and if RNA‐positive, genotype. Risk factors associated with the prevalence of GBV‐C infection (defined as presence of GBV‐C RNA and/or antibody) and viral clearance (defined as presence of GBV‐C antibody in the absence of RNA) among women with GBV‐C infection were examined using multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of GBV‐C infection was 33% among HIV‐infected women and 15% among HIV‐uninfected women. GBV‐C infection was independently associated (AOR, 95% CI) with an increasing number of lifetime sexual partners (referent—1 partner, 2 partners [1.60, 1.22–2.08], 3–10 partners [1.92, 1.39–2.67], >10 partners [2.19, 1.33–3.62]); injection drug use (5.50, 2.12–14.2); and HIV infection (3.79, 2.58–5.59). Clearance of GBV‐C RNA among women with evidence of GBV‐C infection was independently associated with increasing age in years (referent <20, 20–29 [2.01, 1.06–3.79] and ≥30 [3.18, 1.53–6.60]), more than 10 lifetime sexual partners (3.05, 1.38–6.75), and HIV infection (0.29, 0.14–0.59). This study found that GBV‐C infection is a common infection among Thai women and is associated with HIV infection and both sexual and parenteral risk behaviors. J. Med. Virol. 83:33–44, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fn1"><p>CDC statement: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Prevalence and correlates of GB virus C infection in HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected pregnant women in Bangkok, Thailand</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Prevalence and Correlates of GBV‐C Infection</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Prevalence and correlates of GB virus C infection in HIV‐infected and HIV‐uninfected pregnant women in Bangkok, Thailand</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Wendy</namePart><namePart type="family">Bhanich Supapol</namePart><affiliation>Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: supapol@cogeco.ca</affiliation><affiliation>Correspondence address: Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Univeristy of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 3M7.===</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Robert S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Remis</namePart><affiliation>Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Janet</namePart><namePart type="family">Raboud</namePart><affiliation>Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Margaret</namePart><namePart type="family">Millson</namePart><affiliation>Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jordan</namePart><namePart type="family">Tappero</namePart><affiliation>Global AIDS Program, Thailand MOPH—U.S. CDC Collaboration, CDC, Nonthaburi, Thailand</affiliation><affiliation>Global AIDS Program, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Rupert</namePart><namePart type="family">Kaul</namePart><affiliation>University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Prasad</namePart><namePart type="family">Kulkarni</namePart><affiliation>Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Michelle S.</namePart><namePart type="family">McConnell</namePart><affiliation>Global AIDS Program, Thailand MOPH—U.S. CDC Collaboration, CDC, Nonthaburi, Thailand</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. Mock</namePart><namePart type="family">Philip</namePart><affiliation>Thailand MOPH—U.S. CDC Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Janet M.</namePart><namePart type="family">McNicholl</namePart><affiliation>Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Anuvat</namePart><namePart type="family">Roongpisuthipong</namePart><affiliation>Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Tawee</namePart><namePart type="family">Chotpitayasunondh</namePart><affiliation>Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Nathan</namePart><namePart type="family">Shaffer</namePart><affiliation>Global AIDS Program, Thailand MOPH—U.S. CDC Collaboration, CDC, Nonthaburi, Thailand</affiliation><affiliation>Global AIDS Program, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Salvatore</namePart><namePart type="family">Butera</namePart><affiliation>Laboratory Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Hoboken</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2011-01</dateIssued><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2010-08-08</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2011</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><extent unit="figures">0</extent><extent unit="tables">3</extent><extent unit="references">54</extent><extent unit="words">10051</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">GB virus C (GBV‐C) is an apathogenic virus that has been shown to inhibit HIV replication. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of GBV‐C infection and clearance in three cohorts of pregnant women in Thailand. The study population consisted of 1,719 (1,387 HIV‐infected and 332 HIV‐uninfected) women from three Bangkok perinatal HIV transmission studies. Stored blood was tested for GBV‐C RNA, GBV‐C antibody, and if RNA‐positive, genotype. Risk factors associated with the prevalence of GBV‐C infection (defined as presence of GBV‐C RNA and/or antibody) and viral clearance (defined as presence of GBV‐C antibody in the absence of RNA) among women with GBV‐C infection were examined using multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of GBV‐C infection was 33% among HIV‐infected women and 15% among HIV‐uninfected women. GBV‐C infection was independently associated (AOR, 95% CI) with an increasing number of lifetime sexual partners (referent—1 partner, 2 partners [1.60, 1.22–2.08], 3–10 partners [1.92, 1.39–2.67], >10 partners [2.19, 1.33–3.62]); injection drug use (5.50, 2.12–14.2); and HIV infection (3.79, 2.58–5.59). Clearance of GBV‐C RNA among women with evidence of GBV‐C infection was independently associated with increasing age in years (referent <20, 20–29 [2.01, 1.06–3.79] and ≥30 [3.18, 1.53–6.60]), more than 10 lifetime sexual partners (3.05, 1.38–6.75), and HIV infection (0.29, 0.14–0.59). This study found that GBV‐C infection is a common infection among Thai women and is associated with HIV infection and both sexual and parenteral risk behaviors. J. Med. Virol. 83:33–44, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</abstract><note type="content">*CDC statement: The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.</note><note type="funding">Canadian Institutes of Health Research; - No. HP 64515; </note><note type="funding">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health; - No. 5 R21 AI060538; </note><note type="funding">U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.</note><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>GBV‐C</topic><topic>HIV coinfection</topic><topic>risk factors</topic><topic>pregnant women</topic><topic>Thailand</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Medical Virology</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J. Med. Virol.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Research Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0146-6615</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1096-9071</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9071</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">JMV</identifier><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>83</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>33</start><end>44</end><total>12</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">C6AD29AF204B5BE50C0C6F0BA282A941D0CF526C</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-6HW10TMJ-B</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/jmv.21946</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">JMV21946</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-L0C46X92-X">wiley</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/C6AD29AF204B5BE50C0C6F0BA282A941D0CF526C/metadata/json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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