Rethinking the terms non-communicable disease and chronic disease
Identifieur interne : 001712 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001711; suivant : 001713Rethinking the terms non-communicable disease and chronic disease
Auteurs : Nigel Unwin ; Joanne Epping Jordan ; Ruth BonitaSource :
- Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health [ 0143-005X ] ; 2004-09.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adult mortality, Cardiovascular diseases, Chronic conditions, Chronic disease, Chronic diseases, Classification system, Complex origin, Davey smith, Economic considerations, Effect modifier, Elderly people, Environ health perspect, Epidemiol, Epidemiol community health, Epidemiol community health postscript, Greater access, Greater need, Greater utility, Health conditions, Health consequences, Health effects, Health services, Healthcare system, Individual exposure, Inverse care, Long term care, Long term management, Multiple deprivation, Pollution, Poor people, Prepregnancy care, Public health community, Public health responses, Respiratory deaths, Respiratory diseases, Risk factors, Sars, Sars agent, Shorter interpregnancy intervals, Socioeconomic, Socioeconomic characteristics, Socioeconomic conditions, Socioeconomic status, Straight line distances, Stroke risk, Terms disease, World health organisation, chronic disease, non-communicable disease.
- Teeft :
- Adult mortality, Cardiovascular diseases, Chronic conditions, Chronic disease, Chronic diseases, Classification system, Complex origin, Davey smith, Economic considerations, Effect modifier, Elderly people, Environ health perspect, Epidemiol, Epidemiol community health, Epidemiol community health postscript, Greater access, Greater need, Greater utility, Health conditions, Health consequences, Health effects, Health services, Healthcare system, Individual exposure, Inverse care, Long term care, Long term management, Multiple deprivation, Pollution, Poor people, Prepregnancy care, Public health community, Public health responses, Respiratory deaths, Respiratory diseases, Risk factors, Sars, Sars agent, Shorter interpregnancy intervals, Socioeconomic, Socioeconomic characteristics, Socioeconomic conditions, Socioeconomic status, Straight line distances, Stroke risk, Terms disease, World health organisation.
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Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:46770740A50C1CAB9E47D69184868848D6A52849Le document en format XML
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Bonita</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Noncommunicable Disease and Mental Health Cluster, World Health Organisation, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:46770740A50C1CAB9E47D69184868848D6A52849</idno><date when="2004" year="2004">2004</date><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/46770740A50C1CAB9E47D69184868848D6A52849/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001712</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001712</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Rethinking the terms non-communicable disease and chronic disease</title><author><name sortKey="Unwin, Nigel" sort="Unwin, Nigel" uniqKey="Unwin N" first="Nigel" last="Unwin">Nigel Unwin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Noncommunicable Disease and 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level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Rethinking the terms non-communicable disease and chronic disease</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher scheme="https://publisher-list.data.istex.fr">BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><availability><licence><p>Copyright 2004 Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health</p></licence><p scheme="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-7M42M2QJ-2">bmj</p></availability><date>2004-08-13</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="review-article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-L5L7X3NF-P">review-article</note><note type="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note><note>Correspondence to:
Dr N Unwin
unwinn@who.int</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Rethinking the terms non-communicable disease and chronic disease</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">Nigel</forename><surname>Unwin</surname></persName><affiliation>Noncommunicable Disease and Mental Health Cluster, World Health Organisation, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">JoAnne</forename><surname>Epping Jordan</surname></persName><affiliation>Noncommunicable Disease and Mental Health Cluster, World Health Organisation, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Ruth</forename><surname>Bonita</surname></persName><affiliation>Noncommunicable Disease and Mental Health Cluster, World Health Organisation, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland</affiliation></author><idno type="istex">46770740A50C1CAB9E47D69184868848D6A52849</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/NVC-FX7VM7S7-5</idno><idno type="href">jech-58-801-1.pdf</idno><idno type="PMID">15310808</idno><idno type="local">0580801</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J Epidemiol Community Health</title><idno type="pISSN">0143-005X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1470-2738</idno><idno type="PublisherID-hwp">jech</idno><idno type="PublisherID-nlm-ta">J Epidemiol Community Health</idno><imprint><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2004-09"></date><biblScope unit="volume">58</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">9</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="801">801</biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2004-08-13</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>KWD</head><item><term>chronic disease</term></item><item><term>non-communicable disease</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>KWD</head><item><term>chronic disease</term></item><item><term>non-communicable disease</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2004-08-13">Created</change><change when="2004-09">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/46770740A50C1CAB9E47D69184868848D6A52849/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus bmj, element response not found" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v2.3 20070202//EN" URI="archivearticle.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article xml:lang="en" article-type="letter"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">jech</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Epidemiol Community Health</journal-id><journal-title>Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">J Epidemiol Community Health</abbrev-journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0143-005X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1470-2738</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="other">0580801</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">jech;58/9/801</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">15310808</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">801.1</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">58/9/801.1</article-id><title-group><article-title>Rethinking the terms non-communicable disease and chronic disease</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Unwin</surname><given-names>Nigel</given-names></name><xref rid="AFF1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Epping Jordan</surname><given-names>JoAnne</given-names></name><xref rid="AFF1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Bonita</surname><given-names>Ruth</given-names></name><xref rid="AFF1">1</xref></contrib><aff id="AFF1"><label>1</label>Noncommunicable Disease and Mental Health Cluster, World Health Organisation, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp>Correspondence to:
Dr N Unwin
<ext-link xlink:href="unwinnwho.int" ext-link-type="email" xlink:type="simple">unwinn@who.int</ext-link></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>9</month><year>2004</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>8</month><year>2004</year></pub-date><volume>58</volume><volume-id pub-id-type="other">58</volume-id><volume-id pub-id-type="other">58</volume-id><issue>9</issue><issue-id pub-id-type="other">jech;58/9</issue-id><issue-id pub-id-type="other">9</issue-id><issue-id pub-id-type="other">58/9</issue-id><fpage seq="1">801</fpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright 2004 Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2004</copyright-year></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:role="full-text" xlink:href="jech-58-801-1.pdf"></self-uri><kwd-group kwd-group-type="KWD" xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic disease</kwd><kwd>non-communicable disease</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><response response-type="hwp-legacy-response" xml:lang="EN"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">jech</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Epidemiol Community Health</journal-id><journal-title>Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">J Epidemiol Community Health</abbrev-journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0143-005X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1470-2738</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="other">response1</article-id><title-group><article-title>Authors’ reply</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ackland</surname><given-names>Michael</given-names></name><xref rid="AFF1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Choi</surname><given-names>Bernard CK</given-names></name><xref rid="AFF2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Puska</surname><given-names>Pekka</given-names></name><xref rid="AFF3">3</xref></contrib><aff id="AFF2"><label>2</label>Health Surveillance and Evaluation Section, Public Health Group, Rural Regional Health and Aged Care Services Division, Department of Human Services, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</aff><aff id="AFF3"><label>3</label>Evidence and Information for Chronic Disease Policy Division, Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Population and Public Health Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada</aff><aff id="AFF4"><label>4</label>National Public Health Institute–KTL, Helsinki, Finland</aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>9</month><year>2004</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>8</month><year>2004</year></pub-date><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:role="full-text" xlink:href="jech-58-801-1.pdf"></self-uri><kwd-group kwd-group-type="KWD" xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic disease</kwd><kwd>non-communicable disease</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec><title></title><p>The letter by Unwin <italic>et al</italic> in response to our paper<xref rid="R1A"><sup>1</sup></xref> makes some important points about the attributes of disease classifications. We agree that, unfortunately, it is commonplace for classifications based on cause and those based on effect, to be interchanged by the public health community. This not only causes confusion in the minds of public health policy makers, but promotes bureaucratic apathy towards resourcing prevention programmes for diseases that contribute so significantly to the burden of disease. Why would a jurisdiction dedicate scarce resources towards preventing and controlling diseases that are long term (chronic) and where causation is unclear (non-communicable)? Many jurisdictions will only take on the concept of an epidemic seriously when there is a clear link to the traditional concept of “communicable” or infectious disease.</p><p>So it is very important to encourage use of language in describing diseases that is of practical value to both clinical researchers and policy makers. This language should engage everyone in thinking about public health responses to diseases from both the perspectives of disease prevention and disease control. While international classification systems are unlikely to change quickly, we are seeking a shift towards more appropriate use of terminology when describing major disease states.</p><p>Our desire is to encourage people to think about the upstream issues of causation of diseases in order to motivate a more pragmatic focus on public health interventions. Indeed we support use of the term “chronic” to emphasise the long term implications for the health system, but more importantly wish to discourage use of the term “non-communicable” where there is mounting evidence for the non-microbial, communicable nature of many chronic diseases. Qualifying some chronic diseases as being “transmissible” may be helpful in highlighting the role of social, cultural, and societal factors as disease vectors. Herein lie the opportunities for improving public health responses and interventions. We are glad that Unwin <italic>et al</italic> support our thinking to promote the use of the term “chronic” to denote conditions requiring long term care, which is more readily understood by the public health community.</p></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>Reference</title><ref id="R1A"><label>1</label><citation xlink:type="simple"><bold>Ackland M</bold>, Choi BCK, Puska P. Rethinking the terms non-communicable disease and chronic disease. <source>J Epidemiol Community Health</source><year>2003</year>;<volume>57</volume>:<fpage>838</fpage>–9.</citation></ref></ref-list></back></response></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Rethinking the terms non-communicable disease and chronic disease</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>Rethinking the terms non-communicable disease and chronic disease</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Nigel</namePart><namePart type="family">Unwin</namePart><affiliation>Noncommunicable Disease and Mental Health Cluster, World Health Organisation, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">JoAnne</namePart><namePart type="family">Epping Jordan</namePart><affiliation>Noncommunicable Disease and Mental Health Cluster, World Health Organisation, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ruth</namePart><namePart type="family">Bonita</namePart><affiliation>Noncommunicable Disease and Mental Health Cluster, World Health Organisation, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="review-article" displayLabel="letter" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-L5L7X3NF-P">review-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2004-09</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2004-08-13</dateCreated><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2004</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><note type="author-notes">Correspondence to:
Dr N Unwin
unwinn@who.int</note><subject lang="en"><genre>KWD</genre><topic>chronic disease</topic><topic>non-communicable disease</topic></subject><subject lang="en"><genre>KWD</genre><topic>chronic disease</topic><topic>non-communicable disease</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J Epidemiol Community Health</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0143-005X</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1470-2738</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-hwp">jech</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-nlm-ta">J Epidemiol Community Health</identifier><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>58</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>9</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>801</start></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="constituent" otherType="response"><titleInfo><title>Authors’ reply</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Michael</namePart><namePart type="family">Ackland</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Bernard CK</namePart><namePart type="family">Choi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Pekka</namePart><namePart type="family">Puska</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>hwp-legacy-response</genre><originInfo><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. </publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2004-09</dateIssued></originInfo><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J Epidemiol Community Health</title></titleInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0143-005X</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1470-2738</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-hwp">jech</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-nlm-ta">J Epidemiol Community Health</identifier><part><date>2004</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="isReferencedBy" displayLabel="R1A"><titleInfo><title>J Epidemiol Community Health</title></titleInfo><note>Ackland M, Choi BCK, Puska P. Rethinking the terms non-communicable disease and chronic disease. J Epidemiol Community Health2003;57:838–9.</note><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>57</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>838</start></extent></part></relatedItem></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">46770740A50C1CAB9E47D69184868848D6A52849</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/NVC-FX7VM7S7-5</identifier><identifier type="href">jech-58-801-1.pdf</identifier><identifier type="PMID">15310808</identifier><identifier type="local">0580801</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright 2004 Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-7M42M2QJ-2">bmj</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Copyright 2004 Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/46770740A50C1CAB9E47D69184868848D6A52849/metadata/json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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