Evolutionary psychology's notion of differential grandparental investment and the Dodo Bird Phenomenon: Not everyone can be right
Identifieur interne : 000146 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000145; suivant : 000147Evolutionary psychology's notion of differential grandparental investment and the Dodo Bird Phenomenon: Not everyone can be right
Auteurs : Martin Voracek ; Ulrich S. Tran ; Maryanne L. FisherSource :
- Behavioral and Brain Sciences [ 0140-525X ] ; 2010-02.
Abstract
Integration of different lines of research concerning grandparental investment appears to be both promising and necessary. However, it must stop short when confronted with incommensurate arguments and hypotheses, either within or between disciplines. Further, some hypotheses have less plausibility and veridicality than others. This point is illustrated with results that conflict previous conclusions from evolutionary psychology about differential grandparental investment.
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DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X09991737
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Tran</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Clinical, Biological, and Differential Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. ulrich.tran@univie.ac.at</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: ulrich.tran@univie.ac.at</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fisher, Maryanne L" sort="Fisher, Maryanne L" uniqKey="Fisher M" first="Maryanne L." last="Fisher">Maryanne L. Fisher</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychology, St. Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada. mlfisher@smu.ca</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: mlfisher@smu.ca</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:0585E8452EF0BDDB496290E97EBFD05EA8C0E044</idno><date when="2010" year="2010">2010</date><idno type="doi">10.1017/S0140525X09991737</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/0585E8452EF0BDDB496290E97EBFD05EA8C0E044/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000146</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000146</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a">Evolutionary psychology's notion of differential grandparental investment and the Dodo Bird Phenomenon: Not everyone can be right</title><author><name sortKey="Voracek, Martin" sort="Voracek, Martin" uniqKey="Voracek M" first="Martin" last="Voracek">Martin Voracek</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Basic Psychological Research, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. martin.voracek@univie.ac.at http://homepage.univie.ac.at/martin.voracek/</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: martin.voracek@univie.ac.at</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tran, Ulrich S" sort="Tran, Ulrich S" uniqKey="Tran U" first="Ulrich S." last="Tran">Ulrich S. Tran</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Clinical, Biological, and Differential Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. ulrich.tran@univie.ac.at</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: ulrich.tran@univie.ac.at</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fisher, Maryanne L" sort="Fisher, Maryanne L" uniqKey="Fisher M" first="Maryanne L." last="Fisher">Maryanne L. Fisher</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Psychology, St. Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada. mlfisher@smu.ca</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: mlfisher@smu.ca</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Behavioral and Brain Sciences</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Behav Brain Sci</title><idno type="ISSN">0140-525X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1469-1825</idno><imprint><publisher>Cambridge University Press</publisher><pubPlace>New York, USA</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-02">2010-02</date><biblScope unit="volume">33</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="39">39</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="40">40</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0140-525X</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0140-525X</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Integration of different lines of research concerning grandparental investment appears to be both promising and necessary. However, it must stop short when confronted with incommensurate arguments and hypotheses, either within or between disciplines. Further, some hypotheses have less plausibility and veridicality than others. This point is illustrated with results that conflict previous conclusions from evolutionary psychology about differential grandparental investment.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>cambridge</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Martin Voracek</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Basic Psychological Research, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. martin.voracek@univie.ac.at http://homepage.univie.ac.at/martin.voracek/</json:string><json:string>E-mail: martin.voracek@univie.ac.at</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Ulrich S. Tran</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Clinical, Biological, and Differential Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. ulrich.tran@univie.ac.at</json:string><json:string>E-mail: ulrich.tran@univie.ac.at</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Maryanne L. Fisher</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Psychology, St. Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada. mlfisher@smu.ca</json:string><json:string>E-mail: mlfisher@smu.ca</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><articleId><json:string>99173</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/6GQ-78CJX3FX-7</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article-commentary</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Integration of different lines of research concerning grandparental investment appears to be both promising and necessary. 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level="a">Evolutionary psychology's notion of differential grandparental investment and the Dodo Bird Phenomenon: Not everyone can be right</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">Martin</forename><surname>Voracek</surname></persName><email>martin.voracek@univie.ac.at</email><affiliation>Department of Basic Psychological Research, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. martin.voracek@univie.ac.at http://homepage.univie.ac.at/martin.voracek/</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Ulrich S.</forename><surname>Tran</surname></persName><email>ulrich.tran@univie.ac.at</email><affiliation>Department of Clinical, Biological, and Differential Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. ulrich.tran@univie.ac.at</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Maryanne L.</forename><surname>Fisher</surname></persName><email>mlfisher@smu.ca</email><affiliation>Department of Psychology, St. Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada. mlfisher@smu.ca</affiliation></author><idno type="istex">0585E8452EF0BDDB496290E97EBFD05EA8C0E044</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/6GQ-78CJX3FX-7</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1017/S0140525X09991737</idno><idno type="PII">S0140525X09991737</idno><idno type="article-id">99173</idno><idno type="related-article-ID">S0140525X09991105</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Behavioral and Brain Sciences</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Behav Brain Sci</title><idno type="pISSN">0140-525X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1469-1825</idno><idno type="publisher-id">BBS</idno><imprint><publisher>Cambridge University Press</publisher><pubPlace>New York, USA</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-02"></date><biblScope unit="volume">33</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="39">39</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="40">40</biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2010</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract style="normal"><p>Integration of different lines of research concerning grandparental investment appears to be both promising and necessary. However, it must stop short when confronted with incommensurate arguments and hypotheses, either within or between disciplines. Further, some hypotheses have less plausibility and veridicality than others. This point is illustrated with results that conflict previous conclusions from evolutionary psychology about differential grandparental investment.</p></abstract></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2010-02">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus cambridge not found" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v2.2 20060430//EN" URI="journalpublishing.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article dtd-version="2.2" article-type="article-commentary"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">BBS</journal-id><journal-title>Behavioral and Brain Sciences</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title>Behav Brain Sci</abbrev-journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0140-525X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1469-1825</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Cambridge University Press</publisher-name><publisher-loc>New York, USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1017/S0140525X09991737</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">S0140525X09991737</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">99173</article-id><title-group><article-title>Evolutionary psychology's notion of differential grandparental investment and the Dodo Bird Phenomenon: Not everyone can be right</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="left-running"><italic>Commentary</italic>/Coall & Hertwig: Grandparental investment</alt-title><alt-title alt-title-type="right-running"><italic>Commentary</italic>/Coall & Hertwig: Grandparental investment</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib><name><surname>Voracek</surname><given-names>Martin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">a</xref></contrib><contrib><name><surname>Tran</surname><given-names>Ulrich S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">b</xref></contrib><contrib><name><surname>Fisher</surname><given-names>Maryanne L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">c</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label><sup>a</sup></label><addr-line>Department of Basic Psychological Research, School of Psychology</addr-line>, <institution>University of Vienna</institution>, <addr-line>A-1010 Vienna</addr-line>, <country>Austria</country>. <email xlink:href="martin.voracek@univie.ac.at">martin.voracek@univie.ac.at</email>
<uri xlink:href="http://homepage.univie.ac.at/martin.voracek/">http://homepage.univie.ac.at/martin.voracek/</uri></aff><aff id="aff2"><label><sup>b</sup></label><addr-line>Department of Clinical, Biological, and Differential Psychology, School of Psychology</addr-line>, <institution>University of Vienna</institution>, <addr-line>A-1010 Vienna</addr-line>, <country>Austria</country>. <email xlink:href="ulrich.tran@univie.ac.at">ulrich.tran@univie.ac.at</email></aff><aff id="aff3"><label><sup>c</sup></label><addr-line>Department of Psychology</addr-line>, <institution>St. Mary's University</institution>, <addr-line>Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3</addr-line>, <country>Canada</country>. <email xlink:href="mlfisher@smu.ca">mlfisher@smu.ca</email></aff><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>02</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage seq="21">39</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2010</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Cambridge University Press</copyright-holder></permissions><related-article related-article-type="commentary" journal-id="BBS" journal-id-type="publisher-id" vol="33" issue="1" id="S0140525X09991105" page="1"><article-title>Grandparental investment: Past, present, and future</article-title>
<name><surname>Coall</surname><given-names>David A.</given-names></name> and <name><surname>Hertwig</surname><given-names>Ralph</given-names></name> School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia 6160, Australia. <email xlink:href="david.coall@uwa.edu.au">david.coall@uwa.edu.au</email>
<uri xlink:href="http://www.uwa.edu.au/people/david.coall">http://www.uwa.edu.au/people/david.coall</uri>; Department of Psychology, University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland. <email xlink:href="ralph.hertwig@unibas.ch">ralph.hertwig@unibas.ch</email>
<uri xlink:href="http://www.psycho.unibas.ch/hertwig">http://www.psycho.unibas.ch/hertwig</uri></related-article><abstract abstract-type="normal"><title>Abstract</title><p>Integration of different lines of research concerning grandparental investment appears to be both promising and necessary. However, it must stop short when confronted with incommensurate arguments and hypotheses, either within or between disciplines. Further, some hypotheses have less plausibility and veridicality than others. This point is illustrated with results that conflict previous conclusions from evolutionary psychology about differential grandparental investment.</p></abstract><counts><page-count count="2"></page-count></counts><custom-meta-wrap><custom-meta><meta-name>pdf</meta-name><meta-value>S0140525X09991737a.pdf</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>dispart</meta-name><meta-value>Open Peer Commentary</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-wrap></article-meta></front><body><sec id="sec1"><title></title><p>We congratulate Coall & Hertwig (C&H) for their outstanding contribution. It certainly will have a noticeable impact on the respective research fields addressed therein. This work is a paramount example of the far too rarely occurring theoretical integration of work on one specific topic (here, grandparental investment) that is investigated across different disciplines and from distinct perspectives. This diversity of viewpoints is true for grandparental investment, which is studied in sociology, economics, as well as through the lenses of evolutionary theory, as applied in evolutionary psychology.</p><p>As C&H rightly conclude, significant parts of these literatures are distinct and at times disjointed and contradictory; are not well integrated; and have few discernible tendencies for fruitful exchange amongst themselves. Although we appreciate the general thrust of C&H's arguments, which calls for a broad integration of different viewpoints, we feel this might go too far and may well be “overly friendly” with respect to recent disparate views regarding the nature of grandparental investment. Simply put, opposing views and competing explanations of which one would rule out the opposite argument are unlikely to be equally plausible and hence both cannot be “true.”</p><p>This is, to some extent, reminiscent of past views (now outdated and quite clearly rebutted) in an entirely different research field, namely psychotherapy research. In the 1970s, this field became entrenched by opinions that now are encompassed by the “Dodo Bird Phenomenon” (alluding to the dodo figure appearing in Lewis Carroll's novel <italic>Alice's Adventures in Wonderland</italic>). Specifically, we now know that differential psychotherapy research (i.e., efficiency and efficacy studies comparing different psychotherapeutic schools, approaches, and techniques) erroneously concluded that, like in Carroll's novel, “everyone has won and all must have prizes” (cf. Luborsky et al. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref6">1975</xref>). These views have subsequently been quite clearly rebutted (e.g., Beutler <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">1991</xref>; Shadish & Sweeney <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref9">1991</xref>). With regard to opposing evidence about grandparental investment from the evolutionary, sociological, and economic literatures, there appears to be the potential danger of a similar “Dodo Bird Phenomenon.”</p><p>There is mounting evidence which suggests that important conclusions from the currently widespread evolutionary psychological reasoning about differential grandparental investment and solicitude might not be veridical, but rather be a result of neglected effects of confounding variables. For example, age and residential distance were found to be associated with investment and solicitude ratings, but were not statistically controlled in the studies of Euler and Weitzel (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref4">1996</xref>), Steinbach and Henke (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref10">1998</xref>), and Pashos (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref7">2000</xref>). Specifically, evolutionary psychological research has introduced the notion that laterality effects are important in grandparental investment. There exist two distinct types of grandparents (matrilateral vs. patrilateral ones), which are distinguished by different degrees of paternity certainty, and thus, potentially different degrees of genetic relatedness (see target article, sect. 5.1.3.). Indeed, many studies conducted in modern industrialized nations (see target article, top of sect. 2. and Note 4) have obtained a specific pattern in the ranking of grandparental investment, as recalled by adults using rating scales, such that the maternal grandmother seemed to care the most, the maternal grandfather somewhat less, followed by the paternal grandmother, and then the paternal grandfather.</p><p>Elsewhere (Tran et al. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref11">2009</xref>), we show that the well-known spousal age differences, combined with the equally pervasive sex differences in life expectancy, create noticeable differences in the expected exposure time grandchildren have to their four grandparents. That is, due to the fact that grooms are generally older and become parents later in life than do brides, grandchildren have a shorter overlap in the number of years they could interact with grandfathers than they do with grandmothers.</p><p>It is important to note that the ranking of expected exposure time to the four grandparents follows exactly the above-mentioned ranking of recalled grandparental solicitude. Clearly, total grandparental investment in grandchildren must be limited by (and thus partly dependent on) the available time that grandparents have for such investments in their grandchildren. Intriguingly, appropriate controls for exposure time, accounting for the two confounding variables noted earlier, significantly level the matrilateral bias in grandparental investment (Tran et al. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref11">2009</xref>). We therefore conclude that the widely publicized matrilaterality effect of grandparental investment, as highlighted in current evolutionary psychological literature, may well be incorrect, or at least substantially overstated.</p><p>This finding has manifold ramifications and consequences. As for one example, some researchers (e.g., Gaulin et al. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref5">1997</xref>; Russell & Wells <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref8">1987</xref>) have used such retrospective, obviously biased rating data of adults' recalled grandparental solicitude for estimating nonpaternity rates. Unsurprisingly, such calculations of putative nonpaternity rates have yielded grossly overstated and thus implausible values (10–20%) – which clearly indicates the inappropriateness of such rating data. In contrast, several recent systematic reviews of nonpaternity rates among modern human populations have convergently estimated these to be about 2–3% (Anderson <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">2006</xref>; Bellis et al. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">2005</xref>; Voracek et al. <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref12">2008</xref>).</p><p>Of further importance in this context, in their systematic review of grandparental investment and physical and mental well-being of grandchildren (sect. 5.1.), C&H cite studies (sect. 5.1.2.) that found differential grandparental investment (i.e., the matrilateral bias therein) to be dissociated from the criterion variables under scrutiny. This constitutes more counterevidence to current evolutionary psychological reasoning about the existence, importance, and consequences of differential grandparental investment, as the allegedly differentiated pattern of grandparental caring showed a lack of association with important life outcomes in the grandchildren.</p><p>Having taken evolutionary psychological study findings as examples for illustration, we therefore would suggest that the opposed views of sociology, economics, and evolutionary psychology on grandparental investment appear hard to reconcile and to integrate, as intended and anticipated by C&H. There may well be no “Dodo Bird Phenomenon” in these lines of research, and we do not believe that “everyone has won and all must have prizes.” At the very least, some of these competing hypotheses have less plausibility and veridicality than others. Specifically, we surmise that some important explanations and assertions in this field based on current evolutionary psychology thinking might be confounded or misleading, as they could be more parsimoniously derived from quite simple facts of demography, as we have elaborated here.</p></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref1"><name><surname>Anderson</surname><given-names>K. G.</given-names></name> (<year>2006</year>) <article-title>How well does paternity confidence match actual paternity? Evidence from worldwide nonpaternity rates</article-title>. <source>Current Anthropology</source>
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<fpage>103799</fpage>–811.</citation></ref></ref-list></back></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>Evolutionary psychology's notion of differential grandparental investment and the Dodo Bird Phenomenon: Not everyone can be right</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative"><title>Commentary/Coall & Hertwig: Grandparental investment</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Evolutionary psychology's notion of differential grandparental investment and the Dodo Bird Phenomenon: Not everyone can be right</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Martin</namePart><namePart type="family">Voracek</namePart><affiliation>Department of Basic Psychological Research, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. martin.voracek@univie.ac.at http://homepage.univie.ac.at/martin.voracek/</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: martin.voracek@univie.ac.at</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ulrich S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Tran</namePart><affiliation>Department of Clinical, Biological, and Differential Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. ulrich.tran@univie.ac.at</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: ulrich.tran@univie.ac.at</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Maryanne L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Fisher</namePart><affiliation>Department of Psychology, St. Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada. mlfisher@smu.ca</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: mlfisher@smu.ca</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="review-article" displayLabel="article-commentary" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-L5L7X3NF-P">review-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Cambridge University Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York, USA</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010-02</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><abstract type="normal">Integration of different lines of research concerning grandparental investment appears to be both promising and necessary. However, it must stop short when confronted with incommensurate arguments and hypotheses, either within or between disciplines. Further, some hypotheses have less plausibility and veridicality than others. This point is illustrated with results that conflict previous conclusions from evolutionary psychology about differential grandparental investment.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Behavioral and Brain Sciences</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Behav Brain Sci</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0140-525X</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1469-1825</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">BBS</identifier><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>33</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>39</start><end>40</end><total>2</total></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="reviewOf"><identifier type="commentary"></identifier><part><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>33</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1</start></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">0585E8452EF0BDDB496290E97EBFD05EA8C0E044</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/6GQ-78CJX3FX-7</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1017/S0140525X09991737</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0140525X09991737</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">99173</identifier><identifier type="related-article-ID">S0140525X09991105</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-G3RCRD03-V">cambridge</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/0585E8452EF0BDDB496290E97EBFD05EA8C0E044/metadata/json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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