Reconstructing ecosystem functions of the active microbial community of the Baltic Sea oxygen depleted sediments
Identifieur interne : 000069 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000068; suivant : 000070Reconstructing ecosystem functions of the active microbial community of the Baltic Sea oxygen depleted sediments
Auteurs : Petter Thureborn [Suède] ; Andrea Franzetti [Suède, Italie] ; Daniel Lundin [Suède] ; Sara Sjöling [Suède]Source :
- PeerJ [ 2167-8359 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Baltic Sea deep water and sediments hold one of the largest anthropogenically induced hypoxic areas in the world. High nutrient input and low water exchange result in eutrophication and oxygen depletion below the halocline. As a consequence at Landsort Deep, the deepest point of the Baltic Sea, anoxia in the sediments has been a persistent condition over the past decades. Given that microbial communities are drivers of essential ecosystem functions we investigated the microbial community metabolisms and functions of oxygen depleted Landsort Deep sediments by metatranscriptomics. Results show substantial expression of genes involved in protein metabolism demonstrating that the Landsort Deep sediment microbial community is active. Identified expressed gene suites of metabolic pathways with importance for carbon transformation including fermentation, dissimilatory sulphate reduction and methanogenesis were identified. The presence of transcripts for these metabolic processes suggests a potential for heterotrophic-autotrophic community synergism and indicates active mineralisation of the organic matter deposited at the sediment as a consequence of the eutrophication process. Furthermore, cyanobacteria, probably deposited from the water column, are transcriptionally active in the anoxic sediment at this depth. Results also reveal high abundance of transcripts encoding integron integrases. These results provide insight into the activity of the microbial community of the anoxic sediment at the deepest point of the Baltic Sea and its possible role in ecosystem functioning.
Url:
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1593
PubMed: 26823996
PubMed Central: 4730985
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Baltic Sea deep water and sediments hold one of the largest anthropogenically induced hypoxic areas in the world. High nutrient input and low water exchange result in eutrophication and oxygen depletion below the halocline. As a consequence at Landsort Deep, the deepest point of the Baltic Sea, anoxia in the sediments has been a persistent condition over the past decades. Given that microbial communities are drivers of essential ecosystem functions we investigated the microbial community metabolisms and functions of oxygen depleted Landsort Deep sediments by metatranscriptomics. Results show substantial expression of genes involved in protein metabolism demonstrating that the Landsort Deep sediment microbial community is active. Identified expressed gene suites of metabolic pathways with importance for carbon transformation including fermentation, dissimilatory sulphate reduction and methanogenesis were identified. The presence of transcripts for these metabolic processes suggests a potential for heterotrophic-autotrophic community synergism and indicates active mineralisation of the organic matter deposited at the sediment as a consequence of the eutrophication process. Furthermore, cyanobacteria, probably deposited from the water column, are transcriptionally active in the anoxic sediment at this depth. Results also reveal high abundance of transcripts encoding integron integrases. These results provide insight into the activity of the microbial community of the anoxic sediment at the deepest point of the Baltic Sea and its possible role in ecosystem functioning.</p>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PeerJ</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PeerJ</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">PeerJ</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PeerJ</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>PeerJ</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2167-8359</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>PeerJ Inc.</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>San Francisco, USA</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26823996</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4730985</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1593</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7717/peerj.1593</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Ecology</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Genomics</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Marine Biology</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Microbiology</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Reconstructing ecosystem functions of the active microbial community of the Baltic Sea oxygen depleted sediments</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib id="author-1" contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Thureborn</surname>
<given-names>Petter</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1">1</xref>
<email>petter.thureborn@sh.se</email>
</contrib>
<contrib id="author-2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Franzetti</surname>
<given-names>Andrea</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="author-3" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lundin</surname>
<given-names>Daniel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3">3</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib id="author-4" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sjöling</surname>
<given-names>Sara</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff-1"><label>1</label>
<institution>School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University</institution>
,<addr-line>Huddinge</addr-line>
,<country>Sweden</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff-2"><label>2</label>
<institution>Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca</institution>
,<addr-line>Milano</addr-line>
,<country>Italy</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff-3"><label>3</label>
<institution>BILS, Bioinformatics Infrastructure for Life Sciences, Science for Life Laboratories</institution>
,<addr-line>Solna</addr-line>
,<country>Sweden</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff-4"><label>4</label>
<institution>Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems—EEMiS, Linnaeus University</institution>
,<addr-line>Kalmar</addr-line>
,<country>Sweden</country>
</aff>
</contrib-group>
<contrib-group><contrib id="editor-1" contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Newton</surname>
<given-names>Irene</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="epub" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-01-19"><day>19</day>
<month>1</month>
<year iso-8601-date="2016">2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>4</volume>
<elocation-id>e1593</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2015-01-23"><day>23</day>
<month>1</month>
<year iso-8601-date="2015">2015</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2015-12-22"><day>22</day>
<month>12</month>
<year iso-8601-date="2015">2015</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>©2016 Thureborn et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Thureborn et al.</copyright-holder>
<license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>
, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://peerj.com/articles/1593"></self-uri>
<abstract><p>Baltic Sea deep water and sediments hold one of the largest anthropogenically induced hypoxic areas in the world. High nutrient input and low water exchange result in eutrophication and oxygen depletion below the halocline. As a consequence at Landsort Deep, the deepest point of the Baltic Sea, anoxia in the sediments has been a persistent condition over the past decades. Given that microbial communities are drivers of essential ecosystem functions we investigated the microbial community metabolisms and functions of oxygen depleted Landsort Deep sediments by metatranscriptomics. Results show substantial expression of genes involved in protein metabolism demonstrating that the Landsort Deep sediment microbial community is active. Identified expressed gene suites of metabolic pathways with importance for carbon transformation including fermentation, dissimilatory sulphate reduction and methanogenesis were identified. The presence of transcripts for these metabolic processes suggests a potential for heterotrophic-autotrophic community synergism and indicates active mineralisation of the organic matter deposited at the sediment as a consequence of the eutrophication process. Furthermore, cyanobacteria, probably deposited from the water column, are transcriptionally active in the anoxic sediment at this depth. Results also reveal high abundance of transcripts encoding integron integrases. These results provide insight into the activity of the microbial community of the anoxic sediment at the deepest point of the Baltic Sea and its possible role in ecosystem functioning.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>Baltic Sea</kwd>
<kwd>Microbial functions</kwd>
<kwd>Eutrophication</kwd>
<kwd>Anoxic sediment</kwd>
<kwd>Oxygen depletion</kwd>
<kwd>Cyanobacteria</kwd>
<kwd>Integron integrase</kwd>
<kwd>Metatranscriptome</kwd>
<kwd>Methanogenesis</kwd>
<kwd>Methane oxidation</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group><award-group id="fund-1"><funding-source>Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies</funding-source>
<award-id>1169/42/2007:17</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="fund-2"><funding-source>EU Metaexplore project</funding-source>
<award-id>KBBE-222625</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group id="fund-3"><funding-source>Stockholm Läns Landsting</funding-source>
</award-group>
<award-group id="fund-4"><funding-source>The University of Milano—Bicocca</funding-source>
</award-group>
<funding-statement>The work was funded by the Foundation for Baltic and East European Studies 1169/42/2007:17 (<uri xlink:href="http://www.ostersjostiftelsen.se">www.ostersjostiftelsen.se</uri>
) to SS, Britt-Marie Sjöberg and Anthony Poole, the EU Metaexplore project (KBBE-222625) and Stockholm Läns Landsting to SS. The University of Milano—Bicocca supported AF’s sabbatical leave. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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