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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy: still more questions than answers.</title><author><name sortKey="Tatu, C A" sort="Tatu, C A" uniqKey="Tatu C" first="C A" last="Tatu">C A Tatu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Orem, W H" sort="Orem, W H" uniqKey="Orem W" first="W H" last="Orem">W H Orem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Finkelman, R B" sort="Finkelman, R B" uniqKey="Finkelman R" first="R B" last="Finkelman">R B Finkelman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Feder, G L" sort="Feder, G L" uniqKey="Feder G" first="G L" last="Feder">G L Feder</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">9799184</idno><idno type="pmc">1533478</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1533478</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:1533478</idno><date when="1998">1998</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000263</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000263</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy: still more questions than answers.</title><author><name sortKey="Tatu, C A" sort="Tatu, C A" uniqKey="Tatu C" first="C A" last="Tatu">C A Tatu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Orem, W H" sort="Orem, W H" uniqKey="Orem W" first="W H" last="Orem">W H Orem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Finkelman, R B" sort="Finkelman, R B" uniqKey="Finkelman R" first="R B" last="Finkelman">R B Finkelman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Feder, G L" sort="Feder, G L" uniqKey="Feder G" first="G L" last="Feder">G L Feder</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Environmental Health Perspectives</title><idno type="ISSN">0091-6765</idno><imprint><date when="1998">1998</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) has attracted increasing attention as a possible environmental disease, and a significant amount of research from complementary scientific fields has been dedicated to its etiology. There are two actual competing theories attempting to explain the cause of this kidney disease: 1) the mycotoxin hypothesis, which considers that BEN is produced by ochratoxin A ingested intermittently in small amounts by the individuals in the endemic regions, and 2) the Pliocene lignite hypothesis, which proposes that the disease is caused by long-term exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other toxic organic compounds leaching into the well drinking water from low rank coals underlying or proximal to the endemic settlements. We outline the current developments and future prospects in the study of BEN and differentiate possible factors and cofactors in disease etiology.</p><sec sec-type="scanned-figures"><title>Images</title><fig id="F1"><label>Figure 1</label><graphic xlink:href="envhper00534-0046-a" xlink:role="690"></graphic></fig><fig id="F2"><label>Figure 2</label><graphic xlink:href="envhper00534-0048-a" xlink:role="692"></graphic></fig><fig id="F3"><label>Figure 3</label><graphic xlink:href="envhper00534-0049-a" xlink:role="693"></graphic></fig><fig id="F4"><label>Figure 4</label><graphic xlink:href="envhper00534-0049-b" xlink:role="693"></graphic></fig><fig id="F5"><label>Figure 5</label><graphic xlink:href="envhper00534-0050-a" xlink:role="694"></graphic></fig><fig id="F6"><label>Figure 6</label><graphic xlink:href="envhper00534-0051-a" xlink:role="695"></graphic></fig><fig id="F7"><label>Figure 7</label><graphic xlink:href="envhper00534-0052-a" xlink:role="696"></graphic></fig></sec></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Environ Health Perspect</journal-id><journal-title>Environmental Health Perspectives</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0091-6765</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">9799184</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">1533478</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy: still more questions than answers.</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tatu</surname><given-names>C A</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Orem</surname><given-names>W H</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Finkelman</surname><given-names>R B</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Feder</surname><given-names>G L</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><aff>Forslys Group, Timisoara, Romania.</aff><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>11</month><year>1998</year></pub-date><volume>106</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>689</fpage><lpage>700</lpage><abstract><p>Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) has attracted increasing attention as a possible environmental disease, and a significant amount of research from complementary scientific fields has been dedicated to its etiology. There are two actual competing theories attempting to explain the cause of this kidney disease: 1) the mycotoxin hypothesis, which considers that BEN is produced by ochratoxin A ingested intermittently in small amounts by the individuals in the endemic regions, and 2) the Pliocene lignite hypothesis, which proposes that the disease is caused by long-term exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other toxic organic compounds leaching into the well drinking water from low rank coals underlying or proximal to the endemic settlements. We outline the current developments and future prospects in the study of BEN and differentiate possible factors and cofactors in disease etiology.</p><sec sec-type="scanned-figures"><title>Images</title><fig id="F1"><label>Figure 1</label><graphic xlink:href="envhper00534-0046-a" xlink:role="690"></graphic></fig><fig id="F2"><label>Figure 2</label><graphic xlink:href="envhper00534-0048-a" xlink:role="692"></graphic></fig><fig id="F3"><label>Figure 3</label><graphic xlink:href="envhper00534-0049-a" xlink:role="693"></graphic></fig><fig id="F4"><label>Figure 4</label><graphic xlink:href="envhper00534-0049-b" xlink:role="693"></graphic></fig><fig id="F5"><label>Figure 5</label><graphic xlink:href="envhper00534-0050-a" xlink:role="694"></graphic></fig><fig id="F6"><label>Figure 6</label><graphic xlink:href="envhper00534-0051-a" xlink:role="695"></graphic></fig><fig id="F7"><label>Figure 7</label><graphic xlink:href="envhper00534-0052-a" xlink:role="696"></graphic></fig></sec></abstract></article-meta></front><body><supplementary-material content-type="scanned-pages"><graphic xlink:href="envhper00534-0045.tif" xlink:title="scanned-page" xlink:role="689" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="envhper00534-0046.tif" xlink:title="scanned-page" xlink:role="690" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="envhper00534-0047.tif" xlink:title="scanned-page" xlink:role="691" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="envhper00534-0048.tif" xlink:title="scanned-page" xlink:role="692" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="envhper00534-0049.tif" xlink:title="scanned-page" xlink:role="693" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="envhper00534-0050.tif" xlink:title="scanned-page" xlink:role="694" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="envhper00534-0051.tif" xlink:title="scanned-page" xlink:role="695" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="envhper00534-0052.tif" xlink:title="scanned-page" xlink:role="696" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="envhper00534-0053.tif" xlink:title="scanned-page" xlink:role="697" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="envhper00534-0054.tif" xlink:title="scanned-page" xlink:role="698" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="envhper00534-0055.tif" xlink:title="scanned-page" xlink:role="699" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff"></graphic><graphic xlink:href="envhper00534-0056.tif" xlink:title="scanned-page" xlink:role="700" mimetype="image" mime-subtype="tiff"></graphic></supplementary-material></body></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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