Genetic structure of nomadic Bedouin from Kuwait
Identifieur interne : 000223 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000222; suivant : 000224Genetic structure of nomadic Bedouin from Kuwait
Auteurs : T. Mohammad [Royaume-Uni] ; Yali Xue [Royaume-Uni] ; M. Evison [Canada] ; Chris Tyler-Smith [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Heredity [ 0018-067X ] ; 2009.
Abstract
Bedouin are traditionally nomadic inhabitants of the Persian Gulf who claim descent from two male lineages: Adnani and Qahtani. We have investigated whether or not this tradition is reflected in the current genetic structure of a sample of 153 Bedouin males from six Kuwaiti tribes, including three tribes from each traditional lineage. Volunteers were genotyped using a panel of autosomal and Y-STRs, and Y-SNPs. The samples clustered with their geographical neighbours in both the autosomal and Y-chromosomal analyses, and showed strong evidence of genetic isolation and drift. Whilst there was no evidence of segregation into the two male lineages, other aspects of genetic structure were in accord with tradition.
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2009.72
PubMed: 19639002
PubMed Central: 2869035
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Mohammad</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">University of Sheffield, Division of Genomic Medicine, University of Sheffield, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Sheffield, Division of Genomic Medicine, University of Sheffield</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">The Leverhulme Centre for Evolutionary Studies, University of Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Leverhulme Centre for Evolutionary Studies, University of Cambridge</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xue, Yali" sort="Xue, Yali" uniqKey="Xue Y" first="Yali" last="Xue">Yali Xue</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Evison, M" sort="Evison, M" uniqKey="Evison M" first="M." last="Evison">M. 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Mohammad</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">University of Sheffield, Division of Genomic Medicine, University of Sheffield, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Sheffield, Division of Genomic Medicine, University of Sheffield</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A4">The Leverhulme Centre for Evolutionary Studies, University of Cambridge, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Leverhulme Centre for Evolutionary Studies, University of Cambridge</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xue, Yali" sort="Xue, Yali" uniqKey="Xue Y" first="Yali" last="Xue">Yali Xue</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Evison, M" sort="Evison, M" uniqKey="Evison M" first="M." last="Evison">M. Evison</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Canada</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tyler Smith, Chris" sort="Tyler Smith, Chris" uniqKey="Tyler Smith C" first="Chris" last="Tyler-Smith">Chris Tyler-Smith</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A2">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Heredity</title><idno type="ISSN">0018-067X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-2540</idno><imprint><date when="2009">2009</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">Bedouin are traditionally nomadic inhabitants of the Persian Gulf who claim descent from two male lineages: Adnani and Qahtani. We have investigated whether or not this tradition is reflected in the current genetic structure of a sample of 153 Bedouin males from six Kuwaiti tribes, including three tribes from each traditional lineage. Volunteers were genotyped using a panel of autosomal and Y-STRs, and Y-SNPs. The samples clustered with their geographical neighbours in both the autosomal and Y-chromosomal analyses, and showed strong evidence of genetic isolation and drift. Whilst there was no evidence of segregation into the two male lineages, other aspects of genetic structure were in accord with tradition.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Abun Nasr, Jm" uniqKey="Abun Nasr J">JM Abun-Nasr</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Bustan, S" uniqKey="Al Bustan S">S Al-Bustan</name></author><author><name sortKey="El Zawahri, M" uniqKey="El Zawahri M">M El-Zawahri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Azmi, D" uniqKey="Al Azmi D">D Al-Azmi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Bashir, Aa" uniqKey="Al Bashir A">AA Al-Bashir</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Hilli, F" uniqKey="Al Hilli F">F Al-Hilli</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Nassar, Ke" uniqKey="Al Nassar K">KE Al-Nassar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Conneally, Pm" 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">0373007</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">4023</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Heredity (Edinb)</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Heredity (Edinb)</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Heredity</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0018-067X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1365-2540</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">19639002</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2869035</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/hdy.2009.72</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">UKMS27159</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Genetic structure of nomadic Bedouin from Kuwait</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mohammad</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Xue</surname><given-names>Yali</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Evison</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tyler-Smith</surname><given-names>Chris</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>University of Sheffield, Division of Genomic Medicine, University of Sheffield, UK</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Canada</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label>The Leverhulme Centre for Evolutionary Studies, University of Cambridge, UK</aff><author-notes><corresp id="CR1">Correspondence: Chris Tyler-Smith, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambs. CB10 1SA, UK, Email: <email>cts@sanger.ac.uk</email>, Fax: [+44] (0) 1223 494919, Tel: [+44] (0) 1223 495376
</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>16</day><month>6</month><year>2009</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>7</month><year>2009</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>11</month><year>2009</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>13</day><month>5</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>425</fpage><lpage>433</lpage><abstract><p id="P1">Bedouin are traditionally nomadic inhabitants of the Persian Gulf who claim descent from two male lineages: Adnani and Qahtani. We have investigated whether or not this tradition is reflected in the current genetic structure of a sample of 153 Bedouin males from six Kuwaiti tribes, including three tribes from each traditional lineage. Volunteers were genotyped using a panel of autosomal and Y-STRs, and Y-SNPs. The samples clustered with their geographical neighbours in both the autosomal and Y-chromosomal analyses, and showed strong evidence of genetic isolation and drift. Whilst there was no evidence of segregation into the two male lineages, other aspects of genetic structure were in accord with tradition.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Bedouin</kwd><kwd>Adnani and Qahtani lineages</kwd><kwd>Y chromosome</kwd><kwd>autosomal STRs</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source country="United Kingdom">Wellcome Trust : </funding-source><award-id>077009 || WT</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="F1" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Autosomal STR analyses of Kuwaiti Bedouin and additional populations. (a) MDS plot of population pairwise genetic distances (Fst values). (b) Estimated population structure based on the highest probability STRUCTURE run at <italic>K</italic>=3. Each individual is represented by a thin vertical line, which is partitioned into <italic>K</italic> coloured segments that represent the individual’s estimated membership fractions in each of the K clusters. Populations are shown below the figure.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ukmss-27159-f0001"></graphic></fig><fig id="F4" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Y-chromosomal analyses of Kuwaiti Bedouin and additional populations. (a) MDS plot based on population pairwise genetic distances from Y-STRs (R<sub>ST</sub> values). (b) MDS plot based on population pairwise genetic distances from Y-SNPs. Population names are shown in each section.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ukmss-27159-f0004"></graphic></fig><fig id="F5" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Median-joining network of haplogroup J1 Y-STR haplotypes. Circles represent haplotypes with an area proportional to frequency, and are coloured to indicate the population of origin. Lines represent mutational differences between the haplotypes.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ukmss-27159-f0005"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="T1" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>STRUCTURE runs</p></caption><table frame="box" rules="all"><thead><tr><th align="right" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>K</italic></th><th align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ln P(D) Bedouin<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN1">a</xref></th><th align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ln P(D) Worldwide<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">b</xref></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="right" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−7953</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−42492</td></tr><tr><td align="right" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−8037</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−42401</td></tr><tr><td align="right" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−8095</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−42339</td></tr><tr><td align="right" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−8029</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−42560</td></tr><tr><td align="right" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−8115</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−42962</td></tr><tr><td align="right" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−9782</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−43433</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="TFN1"><label>a</label><p id="P32">log probability of data for Adnani and Qahtani Lineages of Bedouin Populations</p></fn><fn id="TFN2"><label>b</label><p id="P33">log probability of data for Bedouin Populations in comparison to worldwide population data sets</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T2" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Haplotype diversity comparisons based on nine and 15 Y-STR loci</p></caption><table frame="box" rules="all"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Group</th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">Haplotype Diversity</th><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Source</th></tr><tr><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15 Y-STR</th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9 Y-STR</th><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Aniza</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.990</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.971</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Current study</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Awazim</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.970</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.932</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Current study</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mutran</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.920</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.598</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Current study</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Shimar</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.940</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.900</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Current study</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ajman</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.940</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.733</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Current study</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Malaysian</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.000</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.998</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R14">Chang et al., 2007</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">North East Italy</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.000</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R42">Turrina et al., 2006</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tunisian Berber</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.000</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.862</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">Cherni et al., 2005</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Austrian</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.000</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.995</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R10">Berger et al., 2005</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Central Poland</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.000</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.995</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R34">Rebala and Szczerkowska, 2005</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">United Arab Emirates (UAE)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.965</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.900</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">Cadenas et al., 2008</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Qatar</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.947</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.834</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">Cadenas et al., 2008</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yemen</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.993</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.933</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">Cadenas et al., 2008</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zriba</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.243</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R36">Roewer et al., 2001</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">Cherni et al., 2005</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Andalusian Arabs</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.960</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R36">Roewer et al., 2001</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">Cherni et al., 2005</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tunis</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.981</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R36">Roewer et al., 2001</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">Cherni et al., 2005</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Andalusia</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.992</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R36">Roewer et al., 2001</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R27">Martinez-Jarreta et al., 2003</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Central Portugal</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.991</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R36">Roewer et al., 2001</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">Carvalho et al., 2003</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R35">Roewer et al., 2005</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Turkey</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.999</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R21">Henke et al., 2001</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R36">Roewer et al., 2001</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Caceres Central Spain</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.997</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R36">Roewer et al., 2001</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R26">Lopez et al., 2004</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R35">Roewer et al., 2005</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Somalia</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.919</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R36">Roewer et al., 2001</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R20">Hallenberg et al., 2005</xref>; <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R35">Roewer et al., 2005</xref>)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Korea</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.992</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">(<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R30">Park et al., 2005</xref>)</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><p>Data for all nine-Y-STR comparison populations were downloaded from <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.ystr.org">www.ystr.org</ext-link></p></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T3" position="float" orientation="landscape"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Bedouin Y-SNP haplogroup data</p></caption><table frame="box" rules="all"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Group</th><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th></tr><tr><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Haplogroup</th><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ajman</th><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Shimar</th><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Aniza</th><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Awazim</th><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mutran</th><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">All</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">E-M123</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">E-M78</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G-P15</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">J-M267</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">73</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">118</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">K-M70</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Q-M242</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R-M17</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R-P25</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">R-M124</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">-</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td colspan="7" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>n</italic></td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">148</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Diversity</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.56</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.60</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.40</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.12</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">SD ±</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.06</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.11</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.08</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.08</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="7" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T4" position="float" orientation="landscape"><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>AMOVA analysis of Y-STR and Y-SNP data in the Bedouin</p></caption><table frame="box" rules="all"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">Y-STRs</th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">Y-SNPs</th></tr><tr><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Grouping</th><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Source of Variation</th><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percent Variation</th><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Statistical Significance</th><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percent Variation</th><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Statistical Significance</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2" align="left" valign="middle" colspan="1">No grouping</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Among populations</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.0</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P<0.0001</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.0</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P<0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Within populations</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82.0</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P<0.0001</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">78.0</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P<0.0001</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3" align="left" valign="middle" colspan="1">Adnani and Qahtani lineages</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Among groups</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.5</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P=0.52</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−7.6</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P=0.71</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Among populations within groups</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.0</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P<0.0001</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.0</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P<0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Within populations</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82.5</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P<0.0001</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80.5</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P<0.0001</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3" align="left" valign="middle" colspan="1">Continent</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Among groups</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.0</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P<0.0001</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.0</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P<0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Among populations</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.0</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P<0.0001</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.0</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P<0.0001</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Within populations</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">71.0</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P<0.0001</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69.0</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P<0.0001</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T5" position="float" orientation="landscape"><label>Table 5</label><caption><p>BATWING estimates of male demographic parameters for individual Bedouin tribes</p></caption><table frame="box" rules="all"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th colspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">TMRCA (years)</th><th colspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">Expansion Time (years)</th><th colspan="3" align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1">N<sub><italic>posterior</italic></sub></th></tr><tr><th align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Group</th><th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5 percentile</th><th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median</th><th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">97.5 percentile</th><th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5 percentile</th><th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median</th><th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">97.5 percentile</th><th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5 percentile</th><th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median</th><th align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">97.5 percentile</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ajman</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 400</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 300</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 300</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 500</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 800</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14 000</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">250</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">560</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 500</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Shimar</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 000</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21 000</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42 000</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 500</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 500</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37 000</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 000</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 300</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 700</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Aniza</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16 000</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28 000</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50 000</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 200</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 000</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53 000</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 300</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 000</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9 000</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Awazim</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15 000</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27 500</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55 000</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 000</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 600</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28 000</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">600</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 300</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 200</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mutran</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10 500</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19 000</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39000</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">800</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 300</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55 000</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">400</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">870</td><td align="right" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 200</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce 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