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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Sinfonevada: Dataset of Floristic diversity in Sierra Nevada forests (SE Spain)</title><author><name sortKey="Perez Luque, Antonio Jesus" sort="Perez Luque, Antonio Jesus" uniqKey="Perez Luque A" first="Antonio Jesús" last="Pérez-Luque">Antonio Jesús Pérez-Luque</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Laboratorio de Ecología (iEcolab), Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (CEAMA), Universidad de Granada, Avenida del Mediterráneo s/n, 18006, Granada, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonet, Francisco Javier" sort="Bonet, Francisco Javier" uniqKey="Bonet F" first="Francisco Javier" last="Bonet">Francisco Javier Bonet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Laboratorio de Ecología (iEcolab), Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (CEAMA), Universidad de Granada, Avenida del Mediterráneo s/n, 18006, Granada, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perez Perez, Ram N" sort="Perez Perez, Ram N" uniqKey="Perez Perez R" first="Ram N" last="Pérez-Pérez">Ram N Pérez-Pérez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Laboratorio de Ecología (iEcolab), Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (CEAMA), Universidad de Granada, Avenida del Mediterráneo s/n, 18006, Granada, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lorite, Juan" sort="Lorite, Juan" uniqKey="Lorite J" first="Juan" last="Lorite">Juan Lorite</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Departamento de Botánica, Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zamora, Regino" sort="Zamora, Regino" uniqKey="Zamora R" first="Regino" last="Zamora">Regino Zamora</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Laboratorio de Ecología (iEcolab), Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (CEAMA), Universidad de Granada, Avenida del Mediterráneo s/n, 18006, Granada, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Grupo de Ecología Terrestre, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24843285</idno><idno type="pmc">4023334</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4023334</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4023334</idno><idno type="doi">10.3897/phytokeys.35.6363</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000219</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000219</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Sinfonevada: Dataset of Floristic diversity in Sierra Nevada forests (SE Spain)</title><author><name sortKey="Perez Luque, Antonio Jesus" sort="Perez Luque, Antonio Jesus" uniqKey="Perez Luque A" first="Antonio Jesús" last="Pérez-Luque">Antonio Jesús Pérez-Luque</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Laboratorio de Ecología (iEcolab), Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (CEAMA), Universidad de Granada, Avenida del Mediterráneo s/n, 18006, Granada, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonet, Francisco Javier" sort="Bonet, Francisco Javier" uniqKey="Bonet F" first="Francisco Javier" last="Bonet">Francisco Javier Bonet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Laboratorio de Ecología (iEcolab), Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (CEAMA), Universidad de Granada, Avenida del Mediterráneo s/n, 18006, Granada, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perez Perez, Ram N" sort="Perez Perez, Ram N" uniqKey="Perez Perez R" first="Ram N" last="Pérez-Pérez">Ram N Pérez-Pérez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Laboratorio de Ecología (iEcolab), Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (CEAMA), Universidad de Granada, Avenida del Mediterráneo s/n, 18006, Granada, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lorite, Juan" sort="Lorite, Juan" uniqKey="Lorite J" first="Juan" last="Lorite">Juan Lorite</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Departamento de Botánica, Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zamora, Regino" sort="Zamora, Regino" uniqKey="Zamora R" first="Regino" last="Zamora">Regino Zamora</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Laboratorio de Ecología (iEcolab), Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (CEAMA), Universidad de Granada, Avenida del Mediterráneo s/n, 18006, Granada, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Grupo de Ecología Terrestre, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PhytoKeys</title><idno type="ISSN">1314-2011</idno><idno type="eISSN">1314-2003</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><label>Abstract</label><p>The Sinfonevada database is a forest inventory that contains information on the forest ecosystem in the Sierra Nevada mountains (SE Spain). The Sinfonevada dataset contains more than 7,500 occurrence records belonging to 270 taxa (24 of these threatened) from floristic inventories of the Sinfonevada Forest inventory. Expert field workers collected the information. The whole dataset underwent a quality control by botanists with broad expertise in Sierra Nevada flora. This floristic inventory was created to gather useful information for the proper management of <italic>Pinus</italic> plantations in Sierra Nevada. This is the only dataset that shows a comprehensive view of the forest flora in Sierra Nevada. This is the reason why it is being used to assess the biodiversity <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>in the very dense pine plantations on this massif. With this dataset, managers have improved their ability to decide where to apply forest treatments in order to avoid biodiversity loss. The dataset forms part of the Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory (OBSNEV), a long-term research project designed to compile socio-ecological information on the major ecosystem types in order to identify the impacts of global change in this area.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alberdi, I" uniqKey="Alberdi I">I Alberdi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Condes, S" uniqKey="Condes S">S Condés</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez Millan, J" uniqKey="Martinez Millan J">J Martínez-Millán</name></author><author><name sortKey="Saura, S" uniqKey="Saura S">S Saura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez, G" uniqKey="Sanchez G">G Sánchez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perez Martin, F" uniqKey="Perez Martin F">F Pérez-Martín</name></author><author><name sortKey="Villanueva, Ja" uniqKey="Villanueva J">JA Villanueva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vallejo, R" uniqKey="Vallejo R">R 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PhytoKeys</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PhytoKeys</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PhytoKeys</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PhytoKeys</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1314-2011</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1314-2003</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pensoft Publishers</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24843285</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4023334</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3897/phytokeys.35.6363</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Data Paper</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Sinfonevada: Dataset of Floristic diversity in Sierra Nevada forests (SE Spain)</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pérez-Luque</surname><given-names>Antonio Jesús</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bonet</surname><given-names>Francisco Javier</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pérez-Pérez</surname><given-names>Ramón</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rut Aspizua</surname><given-names></given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lorite</surname><given-names>Juan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zamora</surname><given-names>Regino</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Laboratorio de Ecología (iEcolab), Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación del Sistema Tierra en Andalucía (CEAMA), Universidad de Granada, Avenida del Mediterráneo s/n, 18006, Granada, Spain</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Grupo de Ecología Terrestre, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Agencia de Medio Ambiente y Agua de Andalucía. Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio. Junta de Andalucía, C/ Joaquina Egüaras, 10, 18003, Granada, Spain</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label>Departamento de Botánica, Universidad de Granada, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain</aff><author-notes><corresp>Corresponding author: Antonio Jesús Pérez-Luque (<email xlink:type="simple">ajperez@ugr.es</email>)</corresp><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Academic editor: V. Chavan</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>2</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><issue>35</issue><fpage>1</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>1</day><month>10</month><year>2013</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>5</day><month>2</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Antonio Jesús Pérez-Luque, Francisco Javier Bonet, Ramón Pérez-Pérez, Rut Aspizua, Juan Lorite, Regino Zamora</copyright-statement><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><label>Abstract</label><p>The Sinfonevada database is a forest inventory that contains information on the forest ecosystem in the Sierra Nevada mountains (SE Spain). The Sinfonevada dataset contains more than 7,500 occurrence records belonging to 270 taxa (24 of these threatened) from floristic inventories of the Sinfonevada Forest inventory. Expert field workers collected the information. The whole dataset underwent a quality control by botanists with broad expertise in Sierra Nevada flora. This floristic inventory was created to gather useful information for the proper management of <italic>Pinus</italic> plantations in Sierra Nevada. This is the only dataset that shows a comprehensive view of the forest flora in Sierra Nevada. This is the reason why it is being used to assess the biodiversity <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>in the very dense pine plantations on this massif. With this dataset, managers have improved their ability to decide where to apply forest treatments in order to avoid biodiversity loss. The dataset forms part of the Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory (OBSNEV), a long-term research project designed to compile socio-ecological information on the major ecosystem types in order to identify the impacts of global change in this area.</p></abstract><kwd-group><label>Keywords</label><kwd>Sierra Nevada</kwd><kwd>Spain</kwd><kwd>floristic inventories</kwd><kwd>vascular plant</kwd><kwd>Liliopsida</kwd><kwd>Magnoliopsida</kwd><kwd>global-change monitoring</kwd><kwd>occurrence</kwd><kwd>observation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta><notes><sec sec-type="Citation"><title>Citation</title><p>Pérez-Luque AJ, Bonet FJ, Pérez-Pérez R, Aspizua R, Lorite J, Zamora R (2014) Sinfonevada: Dataset of Floristic diversity in Sierra Nevada forests (SE Spain). PhytoKeys 35: 1–15. doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.35.6363">10.3897/phytokeys.35.6363</ext-link> Resource ID: GBIF Key: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.gbif.org/dataset/db6cd9d7-7be5-4cd0-8b3c-fb6dd7446472">http://www.gbif.org/dataset/db6cd9d7-7be5-4cd0-8b3c-fb6dd7446472</ext-link></p></sec><sec sec-type="Resource citation"><title>Resource citation</title><p>University of Granada-Andalusian Environmental Center (2013) Sinfonevada: Dataset of floristic diversity in Sierra Nevada forests (SE Spain), Spain. 7920 data records. Contributed by TRAGSA, University of Granada, OBS- NEV, Pérez-Luque AJ, Pérez-Pérez R, Bonet FJ, Aspizua R, Lorite J, Zamora R. Online at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.gbif.es:8080/ipt/resource.do?r=sinfonevada">http://www.gbif.es:8080/ipt/resource.do?r=sinfonevada</ext-link> and <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://obsnev.es/noticia.html?id=5307">http://obsnev.es/noticia.html?id=5307</ext-link>, version 1.0 (last updated on 2013-08-01). Resource ID: GBIF Key: http://www.gbif.org/dataset/db6cd9d7-7be5-4cd0-8b3c-fb6dd7446472, Data Paper ID: doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.35.6363">10.3897/phytokeys.35.6363</ext-link></p></sec></notes></front><body><sec><title>Project details</title><sec sec-type="Project title"><title>Project title</title><p>Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory (OBSNEV)</p></sec><sec sec-type="Personnel"><title>Personnel</title><p>Regino Jesús Zamora Rodríguez (Principal Investigator)</p></sec><sec sec-type="Funding"><title>Funding</title><p>All the information contained in Sinfonevada was gathered by TRAGSA (Transformación Agraria S.A.), a public company funded by the Spanish Ministry of the Environment. The Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory is funded by the Andalusian Regional Government (via Environmental Protection Agency) and by the Spanish Government (via “Fundación Biodiversidad”, which is a Public Foundation).</p></sec><sec sec-type="Study area descriptions/descriptor"><title>Study area descriptions/descriptor</title><p>Sierra Nevada (Andalusia, SE Spain), is a mountainous region with an altitudinal range between 860 m and 3482 m a.s.l. covering more than 2000 km<sup>2</sup> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1</xref>). The climate is Mediterranean, characterized by cold winters and hot summers, with pronounced summer drought (July-August). The annual average temperature decreases in altitude from 12–16°C below 1500 m to 0°C above 3000 m a.s.l., and the annual average precipitation is about 600 mm. Additionally, the complex orography of the mountains causes strong climatic contrasts between the sunny, dry south-facing slopes and the shaded, wetter north-facing slopes. Annual precipitation ranges from less than 250 mm in the lowest parts of the mountain range to more than 700 mm in the summit areas. Winter precipitation is mainly in the form of snow above 2000 m of altitude. The Sierra Nevada mountain range hosts a high number of endemic plant species <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>(c. 80; <xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">Lorite et al. 2007</xref>) for a total of 2,100 species of vascular plants (25% and 20% of Spanish and European flora, respectively), being considered one of the most important biodiversity hotspots in the Mediterranean region (<xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">Blanca et al. 1998</xref>).</p><p>This mountain range has several legal protections: Biosphere Reserve MAB Committee UNESCO; Special Protection Area and Site of Community Importance (Natura 2000 network); and National Park. The area includes 61 municipalities with more than 90,000 inhabitants. The main economic activities are agriculture, tourism, cattle raising, beekeeping, mining, and skiing (<xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">Bonet el al. 2010</xref>).</p><fig id="F1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1.</label><caption><p>Location of Sierra Nevada mountain (southern Spain). The boundaries of the National and Natural Parks are shown. We used a Landsat 5 image (2001) as background.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="phytokeys-035-001-g001"></graphic></fig></sec><sec sec-type="Design description"><title>Design description</title><p>Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory (OBSNEV) (<xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">Bonet et al. 2011</xref>) is a long-term research project which is being undertaken at Sierra Nevada Biosphere Reserve (SE Spain). It is intended to compile the information necessary for identifying as early as possible the impacts of global change, in order to design management mechanisms to minimize these impacts and adapt the system to new scenarios (Aspizua et al. 2010, <xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">Bonet el al. 2010</xref>). The general objectives are to:</p><p>• Evaluate the functioning of ecosystems in the Sierra Nevada Nature Reserve, their natural processes and dynamics over a medium-term timescale.</p><p>• Identify population dynamics, phenological changes, and conservation issues regarding key species that could be considered indicators of ecological processes.</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p>• Identify the impact of global change on monitored species, ecosystems, and natural resources, providing an overview of trends of change that could help foster ecosystem resilience.</p><p>• Design mechanisms to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of management activities performed in the Sierra Nevada in order to implement an adaptive management framework.</p><p>• Help to disseminate information of general interest concerning the values and importance of Sierra Nevada.</p><p>The Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory has four cornerstones (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figure 2</xref>): 1) a monitoring program with 40 methodologies that collect information on ecosystem functioning; 2) an information system to store and manage all the information gathered; 3) a plan to promote adaptive management of natural resources using the knowledge amassed through the monitoring programme; and 4) an outreach program to disseminate all the available information to potential users.</p><fig id="F2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2.</label><caption><p>Structure of the Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory. The four cornerstones of the research project are shown: monitoring program, adaptive management, information systems and dissemination. A monitoring program is needed to identify the impacts of global change over Sierra Nevada. The information compiled needs to be transformed into useful knowledge for the managers to carry out an active and adaptive management of natural resources. To achieve this, it is essential that all data be integrated and analysed in an information system. Finally, the general public should be informed of both the results obtained and methodologies used, through effective outreach activities.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="phytokeys-035-001-g002"></graphic></fig><p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>The Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory is linked to other national (<xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">Zamora and Bonet 2011</xref>) and international monitoring networks: GLOCHAMORE (Global Change in Mountain Regions) (<xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">Björnsen 2005</xref>), GLOCHAMOST (Global Change in Mountain Sites) (<xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">Schaaf 2009</xref>), LTER-Spain (Long-Term Ecological Research).</p><p>Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory is collecting socio-ecological information on the major ecosystem types found in Sierra Nevada. This information is being integrated in an Information System (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://obsnev.es/linaria.html">http://obsnev.es/linaria.html</ext-link> - <xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">Pérez-Pérez et al. 2012</xref>. (Free access upon registration). The dataset described here is a good example of this idea. We have created a relational database to store the floristic inventories prepared in 2004–2005. Thanks to this work, all this valuable and unique information will be available to scientists and environmental managers worldwide.</p></sec></sec><sec><title>Data published through</title><p>GBIF: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.gbif.es:8080/ipt/resource.do?r=sinfonevada">http://www.gbif.es:8080/ipt/resource.do?r=sinfonevada</ext-link></p></sec><sec><title>Taxonomic coverage</title><sec sec-type="General taxonomic coverage description"><title>General taxonomic coverage description</title><p>Most of the species recorded in the inventories belong to class <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Magnoliopsida</named-content> (6,042 records; 76.28 %) and <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Liliopsida</named-content> (1,171 records; 14.78 %). The top 10 of the orders (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Figure 3</xref>) include <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Poales</named-content> (1153 records; 14.56 %) for the class <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Liliopsida</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Lamiales</named-content> (1062 records; 13.41 %) for <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Magnoliopsida</named-content> and <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pinales</named-content> (569 records; 7.18 %). In these collection, 57 families are represented, with <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Poaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Fabaceae</named-content>, and <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Lamiaceae</named-content> being the families with major number of records (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">Table 1</xref>) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Figure 3</xref>). The collection includes 270 taxa belonging to 159 genera, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pinus</named-content></italic> and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Thymus</named-content></italic> being the most represented ones in the database. There are 24 threatened taxa (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">Table 2</xref>).</p><fig id="F3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3.</label><caption><p>Taxonomic coverage. The figure shows the taxonomic coverage for class, order and family. The circles size are proportional to the number of records in the Sinfonevada database. Numbers indicates the percentage of records. All taxonomic classes included in the database are shown. For order and family rank, only the top 10 are shown. Colour indicates the taxonomic class: green (<named-content content-type="taxon-name">Liliopsida</named-content>); black (<named-content content-type="taxon-name">Magnoliopsida</named-content>) and blue (<named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pinopsida</named-content>).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="phytokeys-035-001-g003"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="T1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1.</label><caption><p>The top 20 of the families represented in the collection.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Family</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">records</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</th></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Poaceae</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1139</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.38</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Fabaceae</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1055</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.32</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Lamiaceae</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1016</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.83</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Asteraceae</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">886</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.19</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Rosaceae</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">849</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.72</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pinaceae</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">569</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.18</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Cistaceae</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">433</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.47</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Fagaceae</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">427</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.39</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Caryophyllaceae</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">224</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.83</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berberidaceae</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">218</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.75</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Apiaceae</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">160</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.02</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Cupressaceae</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">128</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.62</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Thymelaeaceae</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">94</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.19</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Rubiaceae</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">89</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.12</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Brassicaceae</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">87</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.10</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Crassulaceae</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">78</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.98</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Euphorbiaceae</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">65</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.82</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Ranunculaceae</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">64</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.81</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Scrophulariaceae</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">38</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.48</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Rhamnaceae</named-content></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">34</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.43</td></tr></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2.</label><caption><p>Threatened species included in SINFONEVADA dataset.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Scientific Name</th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bern <sup>a</sup></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">CITES<sup>b</sup></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Habitat Directive <sup>c</sup></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Spanish Red List <sup>d</sup></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">Andalusian Red List <sup>e</sup></th><th rowspan="1" colspan="1">IUCN<sup>f</sup></th></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Acer monspessulanum</named-content></italic> L.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NT</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">VU</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Acer opalus</named-content></italic> subsp. <italic>granatense</italic> (Boiss.) Font Quer & Rothm.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NT</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">VU</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Amelanchier ovalis</named-content></italic> Medik.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NT</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">LR-lc</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Armeria filicaulis</named-content></italic> Boiss. subsp. <italic>nevadensis</italic> Nieto Fel., Rosselló & Fuertes</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">VU</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">VU</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">VU</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Celtis australis</named-content></italic> A.Rich.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NT</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">LR-lc</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Centaurea bombycina</named-content></italic> Boiss. subsp. <italic>bombycina</italic></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">VU</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">VU</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">VU</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Centaurea monticola</named-content></italic> Boiss. ex DC.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">VU</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">VU</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">VU</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Centaurea pulvinata</named-content></italic> (Blanca) Blanca</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Appendix I</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Annex II</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">VU</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">VU</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">VU</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Cephalanthera longifolia</named-content></italic> (L.) Fritsch</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Annex B</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Cotoneaster granatensis</named-content></italic> Boiss.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NT</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">VU</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Cytisus galianoi</named-content></italic> Talavera & P.E.Gibbs</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NT</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Erica terminalis</named-content></italic> Klotzsch</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NT</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">VU</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Euphorbia nevadensis</named-content></italic> Boiss. & Reut.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Annex IV</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NT</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">LR-nt</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pinus sylvestris</named-content></italic> L. var. <italic>nevadensis</italic> Christ</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EN</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EN</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">VU</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Potentilla reuteri</named-content></italic> Boiss.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NT</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NT</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">VU</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Prunus avium</named-content></italic> (L.) L.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">VU</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Prunus mahaleb</named-content></italic> L.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">VU</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Prunus ramburii</named-content></italic> Boiss.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">VU</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">VU</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Quercus pyrenaica</named-content></italic> Willd.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NT</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">LR-cd</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Reseda complicata</named-content></italic> Bory</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">VU</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">VU</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Salix caprea</named-content></italic> L.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EN</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">EN</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Salix eleagnos</named-content></italic> subsp. <italic>angustifolia</italic> (Cariot) Rech. f.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">LR-cd</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Santolina elegans</named-content></italic> Boiss. ex DC.</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">Annex IV</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">VU</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">VU</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">VU</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Sorbus aria</named-content></italic> Wimm. ex Nyman</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">NT</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1">VU</td></tr></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><bold><sup>a</sup></bold> Bern: Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern Convention).</p><p><bold><sup>b</sup></bold> CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Species included in its.</p><p><bold><sup>c</sup></bold> Species included in the Habitat Directive Annex (EC 1992)</p><p><bold><sup>d</sup></bold> 2010 Red List of Spanish vascular flora (<xref rid="B13" ref-type="bibr">Moreno 2010</xref>)</p><p><bold><sup>e</sup></bold> 2005 Red List of vascular flora of Andalusia (<xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Cabezudo et al. 2005</xref>)</p><p><bold><sup>f</sup></bold> IUCN category in Sierra Nevada (IUCN 2001, <xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">Blanca et al. 1998</xref>, <xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">Blanca et al. 2001</xref>, <xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">Lorite et al. 2007</xref>)</p><p><italic>EN:</italic> Endangered; <italic>VU:</italic> Vulnerable; <italic>NT:</italic> Near threatened; <italic>LR-nt:</italic> Lower Risk-Near Threatened; <italic>LR-cd:</italic> Lower Risk-Conservation Dependent; <italic>LR-lc:</italic> Lower Risk-Least Concern</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></sec></sec><sec><title>Taxonomic ranks</title><p><bold>Kingdom:</bold> Plantae</p><p><bold>Phylum:</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pteridophyta</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Spermatophyta</named-content></p><p><bold>Class:</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Gnetopsida</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Liliopsida</named-content> (<named-content content-type="taxon-name">Monocotyledones</named-content>), <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Magnoliopsida</named-content> (<named-content content-type="taxon-name">Dicotyledones</named-content>), <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pinopsida</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Polypodiopsida</named-content></p><p><bold>Order:</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Apiales</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Asparagales</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Asterales</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Brassicales</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Caryophyllales</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Cucurbitales</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Cupressales</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Dipsacales</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Ephedrales</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Ericales</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Fabales</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Fagales</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Gentianales</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Geraniales</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Lamiales</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Liliales</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Malpighiales</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Malvales</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pinales</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Poales</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Polypodiales</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Ranunculales</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Rosales</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Santalales</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Sapindales</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Saxifragales</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Solanales</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Umbellales</named-content></p><p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment><bold>Family:</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Amaryllidaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Anacardiaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Apiaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Apocynaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Araliaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Asparagaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Asteraceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Berberidaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Brassicaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Capparaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Caprifoliaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Caryophyllaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Cistaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Clusiaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Colchicaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Convolvulaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Coriariaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Crassulaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Cupressaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Cyperaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Dennstaedtiaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Dipsacaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Ephedraceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Ericaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Euphorbiaceae</named-content>,<pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<named-content content-type="taxon-name">Fabaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Fagaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Geraniaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Iridaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Juglandaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Juncaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Lamiaceae</named-content>, Leguminosae, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Oleaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Orchidaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Paeoniaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pinaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Plantaginaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Plumbaginaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Poaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Polygonaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Ranunculaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Resedaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Rhamnaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Rosaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Rubiaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Rutaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Salicaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Santalaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Sapindaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Scrophulariaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Smilacaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Thymelaeaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Ulmaceae</named-content>, Umbelliferae, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Urticaceae</named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name">Violaceae</named-content></p></sec><sec><title>Spatial coverage</title><sec sec-type="General spatial coverage"><title>General spatial coverage</title><p>The SINFONEVADA forest inventory was conducted in the main forests of Sierra Nevada mountainous region (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1</xref>) (for a description of Sierra Nevada see study area of the Project section). The main forest units of Sierra Nevada (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Figure 5</xref>) are pine plantations (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pinus halepensis</named-content></italic> Mill., <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pinus pinaster</named-content></italic> Ait., <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pinus nigra</named-content></italic> Arnold subsp. <italic>salzmannii</italic> (Dunal) Franco, and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pinus sylvestris</named-content></italic> L.), evergreen holm oak <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Quercus ilex</named-content></italic> subsp. <italic>ballota</italic> (Desf.) Samp forests, deciduous broadleaf forests (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Quercus pyrenaica</named-content></italic> Willd, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Acer opalus</named-content></italic> subsp. <italic>granatense</italic> (Boiss.) Font Quer & Rothm., <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Sorbus aria</named-content></italic> (L.) Crantz), and autochthonous pine <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pinus sylvestris</named-content></italic> L. var. <italic>nevadensis</italic> Christ forests.</p></sec><sec sec-type="Coordinates"><title>Coordinates</title><p>36°52'12"N and 37°15'36"N Latitude; 3°41'24"W and 2°33'36"W Longitude</p></sec><sec sec-type="Temporal coverage"><title>Temporal coverage</title><p>2004–2005</p></sec></sec><sec><title>Natural collections description</title><p><bold>Parent collection identifier:</bold> NA</p><p><bold>Collection name:</bold> Sinfonevada: Dataset of floristic diversity in Sierra Nevada forest (SE Spain)</p><sec sec-type="Collection identifier"><title>Collection identifier</title><p><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.gbif.es:8080/ipt/manage/metadata-collections.do?r=sinfonevada">http://www.gbif.es:8080/ipt/manage/metadata-collections.do?r=sinfonevada</ext-link></p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</sec></sec><sec sec-type="methods"><title>Methods</title><sec sec-type="Method step description"><title>Method step description</title><p>This inventory was undertaken in 2004 and the database generated contains information relative to forest attributes and occurrence data (see below). This information, originally stored in a Microsoft Access database, has been integrated into the project’s information system.</p><p><bold>Study extent description:</bold> The floristic inventories were conducted at the main forest units of the Sierra Nevada (Andalusia, SE Spain). Forest cover in Sierra Nevada is dominated by pine plantations (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pinus halepensis</named-content></italic> Mill., <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pinus pinaster</named-content></italic> Ait., <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pinus nigra</named-content></italic> Arnold subsp. <italic>salzmannii</italic> (Dunal) Franco, and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pinus sylvestris</named-content></italic> L.) covering approximately 40,000 ha. Most of them were planted in the period 1960–1980. The main native forests of Sierra Nevada are dominated by the evergreen holm oak <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Quercus ilex</named-content></italic> subsp. <italic>ballota</italic> (Desf.) Samp. occupying low and medium mountain areas (8,800 ha.) and Pyrenean oak <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Quercus pyrenaica</named-content></italic> Willd ranging from 1,100 to 2,000 m a.s.l., covering about 2,000 ha. Autochthonous pine <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Pinus sylvestris</named-content></italic> var. <italic>nevadensis</italic> forests can also be found in small patches at high altitudes with a characteristically low tree cover.</p><p><bold>Sampling description:</bold> SINFONEVADA Forest Inventory was established over an extensive network of 600 long-term permanent plots distributed within the main forest units of the Sierra Nevada: pine plantations, evergreen <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Quercus ilex</named-content></italic> forests, and deciduous broadleaf forests. The network of plots is a random sample stratified by land cover and altitude, covering a gradient of 974–2439 m a.s.l. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Figure 5</xref>).</p><p>Each inventory plot has three sampling units: i) a forest inventory plot (20 × 20 m); ii) a 5-m radius subplot for the estimation of the regeneration; iii) and a 10-m radius subplot for species composition and abundance.</p><p>Each live tree with a diameter at breast height (dbh) > 7.5 cm was tallied by species and dbh in the forest inventory plot. This information was used to calculate forest attributes (tree basal area, tree volume, canopy cover). The regeneration was measured in the 5-m radius subplot (78.5 m<sup>2</sup> in area) as seedling abundance of the main tree species.</p><p>The species composition and diversity was recorded within a 10-m radius subplot (314 m<sup>2</sup> in area) using the Braun-Blanquet cover-abundance scale (<xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">Braun-Blanquet 1964</xref>).</p></sec><sec sec-type="Quality control description"><title>Quality control description</title><p>Prior to the storing of this information in the database, all the data were assessed by a quality-control process. Each sampling plot was checked to ensure that the geographical coordinates were correct. We used the databases of International Plant Names Index (<xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">IPNI 2013</xref>) and Catalogue of Life/Species 2000 (<xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">Roskov et al. 2013</xref>) to verify the taxonomical classification. The specimens were taxonomically identified using <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name">Flora Iberica</named-content></italic> (<xref rid="B22" ref-type="bibr">Castroviejo et al. 1986-2005</xref>) for the published families while the rest of taxa were identified according to <xref rid="B28" ref-type="bibr">Valdés et al. (1987)</xref> and Tutin et al. (1964–1980).</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</sec></sec><sec><title>Datasets</title><p>The original database of SINFONEVADA contains two types of information: forest attributes (and related information), and occurrence data. There are several national forest inventories (Spanish National Forest Inventory, <xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">Alberdi et al. 2010</xref>) that have partially monitored some forests of Sierra Nevada. However, due to grain size, none have been as exhaustive as the SINFONEVADA inventory.</p><p>The original SINFONEVADA database was incorporated into the Information System of Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">Figure 4</xref>). Taxonomic and spatial validations were made on this database. Also, we carried out quality control procedures for forest attributes (detection of atypical values). A custom-made SQL view of the original SINFONEVADA was performed to gather occurrence data. The view shows occurrence data collected in the floristic inventories associated with the forest inventory. We included only records that had been accepted for publication. The occurrence data were accommodated to the Darwin Core Archive to integrate in GBIF. We used Darwin Core Archive Validator tool (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://tools.gbif.org/dwca-validator/">http://tools.gbif.org/dwca-validator/</ext-link>) to check whether the dataset meets Darwin Core specifications. The Integrated Publishing Toolkit (IPT v2.0.5) of the Spanish node of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.gbif.es:8080/ipt">http://www.gbif.es:8080/ipt</ext-link>) was used both to upload the Darwin Core Archive and to fill out the metadata. Information about forest attributes included in the original SINFONEVADA database is available upon request.</p><fig id="F4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4.</label><caption><p>Diagram of integration of SINFONEVADA within Information System of Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory. The original database of SINFONEVADA contains two types of information: forest attributes and related information and occurrence data. This information was integrated into the Information System of Sierra Nevada Global Change Observatory. After a validation process (see Quality Control section) the occurrence data were accommodated to Darwin Core Archive to integrate in GBIF.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="phytokeys-035-001-g004"></graphic></fig><fig id="F5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 5.</label><caption><p>Location of the forest-inventory plots. This map shows the location of the forest-inventory plots and the distribution of the ecosystem types present in Sierra Nevada. The vegetation is predominantly high-mountain shrublands and pine plantations, with some natural forests (oaks, Pyrenean oaks, maples, etc.).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="phytokeys-035-001-g005"></graphic></fig><p>The fields provided by the SINFONEVADA dataset are:</p><p>occurrenceId, modified, basisOfRecord, institutionCode, collectionCode, catalogNumber, occurrenceRemarks, scientificName, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, specificEpithet, infraspecificEpithet, scientificNameAuthorship, continent, country, stateProvince, county, locality, minimumElevationInMeters, maximumElevationInMeters, recordedBy, identifiedBy, dateIdentified, decimalLongitude, decimalLatitude, coordinateUncertaintyinMeters.</p><p>The SINFONEVADA dataset represents an exhaustive floristic inventory of diversity of Sierra Nevada forest. It includes occurrences of 270 taxa, of which 24 are considered threatened and 9 endemic (<xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">Table 2</xref>). Information of SINFONEVADA has been used for the Natural Resources Ordinance Plan of the Sierra Nevada Natural Area (<xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">CMA 2011</xref>). Also its information provides valuable support to natural-resource managers in their decision making. It is being considered for management actions within strategies of diversification and naturalization of forests in the Sierra Nevada natural area.</p></sec><sec><title>Dataset description</title><p><bold>Object name:</bold> Darwin Core Archive Sinfonevada: Dataset of floristic diversity in Sierra Nevada forest (SE Spain)</p><p><bold>Character encoding:</bold> UTF-8.</p><p><bold>Format name:</bold> Darwin Core Archive format.</p><p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment><bold>Format version:</bold> 1.0</p><p><bold>Distribution:</bold><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.gbif.es:8080/ipt/archive.do?r=sinfonevada">http://www.gbif.es:8080/ipt/archive.do?r=sinfonevada</ext-link></p><p><bold>Publication date of data:</bold> 2013-09-24</p><p><bold>Language:</bold> English.</p><p><bold>Licenses of use:</bold> The “Sinfonevada: Dataset of floristic diversity in Sierra Nevada forest (SE Spain)” dataset is made available under the Open Data Commons Attribution License: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.opendatacommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/">http://www.opendatacommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/</ext-link>.</p><p><bold>Metadata language:</bold> English.</p><p><bold>Date of metadata creation:</bold> 2013-06-18</p><p><bold>Hierarchy level:</bold> Dataset.</p></sec></body><back><ack><title>Acknowledgements</title><p>We thank to Katia Cezón, Cristina Valverde and Franciso Pando (Spanish GBIF node–CSIC) for technical support. 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