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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Reconstructing ancient mitochondrial DNA links between Africa and Europe</title><author><name sortKey="Cerezo, Maria" sort="Cerezo, Maria" uniqKey="Cerezo M" first="María" last="Cerezo">María Cerezo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Achilli, Alessandro" sort="Achilli, Alessandro" uniqKey="Achilli A" first="Alessandro" last="Achilli">Alessandro Achilli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olivieri, Anna" sort="Olivieri, Anna" uniqKey="Olivieri A" first="Anna" last="Olivieri">Anna Olivieri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perego, Ugo A" sort="Perego, Ugo A" uniqKey="Perego U" first="Ugo A." last="Perego">Ugo A. Perego</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah 84115, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="G Mez Carballa, Alberto" sort="G Mez Carballa, Alberto" uniqKey="G Mez Carballa A" first="Alberto" last="G Mez-Carballa">Alberto G Mez-Carballa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brisighelli, Francesca" sort="Brisighelli, Francesca" uniqKey="Brisighelli F" first="Francesca" last="Brisighelli">Francesca Brisighelli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lancioni, Hovirag" sort="Lancioni, Hovirag" uniqKey="Lancioni H" first="Hovirag" last="Lancioni">Hovirag Lancioni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Woodward, Scott R" sort="Woodward, Scott R" uniqKey="Woodward S" first="Scott R." last="Woodward">Scott R. Woodward</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah 84115, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="L Pez Soto, Manuel" sort="L Pez Soto, Manuel" uniqKey="L Pez Soto M" first="Manuel" last="L Pez-Soto">Manuel L Pez-Soto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses, 41018 Sevilla, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carracedo, Angel" sort="Carracedo, Angel" uniqKey="Carracedo A" first="Ángel" last="Carracedo">Ángel Carracedo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Capelli, Cristian" sort="Capelli, Cristian" uniqKey="Capelli C" first="Cristian" last="Capelli">Cristian Capelli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Torroni, Antonio" sort="Torroni, Antonio" uniqKey="Torroni A" first="Antonio" last="Torroni">Antonio Torroni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salas, Antonio" sort="Salas, Antonio" uniqKey="Salas A" first="Antonio" last="Salas">Antonio Salas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22454235</idno><idno type="pmc">3337428</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3337428</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3337428</idno><idno type="doi">10.1101/gr.134452.111</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000159</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000159</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Reconstructing ancient mitochondrial DNA links between Africa and Europe</title><author><name sortKey="Cerezo, Maria" sort="Cerezo, Maria" uniqKey="Cerezo M" first="María" last="Cerezo">María Cerezo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Achilli, Alessandro" sort="Achilli, Alessandro" uniqKey="Achilli A" first="Alessandro" last="Achilli">Alessandro Achilli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olivieri, Anna" sort="Olivieri, Anna" uniqKey="Olivieri A" first="Anna" last="Olivieri">Anna Olivieri</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perego, Ugo A" sort="Perego, Ugo A" uniqKey="Perego U" first="Ugo A." last="Perego">Ugo A. Perego</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah 84115, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="G Mez Carballa, Alberto" sort="G Mez Carballa, Alberto" uniqKey="G Mez Carballa A" first="Alberto" last="G Mez-Carballa">Alberto G Mez-Carballa</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brisighelli, Francesca" sort="Brisighelli, Francesca" uniqKey="Brisighelli F" first="Francesca" last="Brisighelli">Francesca Brisighelli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lancioni, Hovirag" sort="Lancioni, Hovirag" uniqKey="Lancioni H" first="Hovirag" last="Lancioni">Hovirag Lancioni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Woodward, Scott R" sort="Woodward, Scott R" uniqKey="Woodward S" first="Scott R." last="Woodward">Scott R. Woodward</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4">Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah 84115, USA;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="L Pez Soto, Manuel" sort="L Pez Soto, Manuel" uniqKey="L Pez Soto M" first="Manuel" last="L Pez-Soto">Manuel L Pez-Soto</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6">Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses, 41018 Sevilla, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carracedo, Angel" sort="Carracedo, Angel" uniqKey="Carracedo A" first="Ángel" last="Carracedo">Ángel Carracedo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Capelli, Cristian" sort="Capelli, Cristian" uniqKey="Capelli C" first="Cristian" last="Capelli">Cristian Capelli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Torroni, Antonio" sort="Torroni, Antonio" uniqKey="Torroni A" first="Antonio" last="Torroni">Antonio Torroni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3">Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Salas, Antonio" sort="Salas, Antonio" uniqKey="Salas A" first="Antonio" last="Salas">Antonio Salas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia, Spain;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Genome Research</title><idno type="ISSN">1088-9051</idno><idno type="eISSN">1549-5469</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages of macro-haplogroup L (excluding the derived L3 branches M and N) represent the majority of the typical sub-Saharan mtDNA variability. In Europe, these mtDNAs account for <1% of the total but, when analyzed at the level of control region, they show no signals of having evolved within the European continent, an observation that is compatible with a recent arrival from the African continent. To further evaluate this issue, we analyzed 69 mitochondrial genomes belonging to various L sublineages from a wide range of European populations. Phylogeographic analyses showed that ∼65% of the European L lineages most likely arrived in rather recent historical times, including the Romanization period, the Arab conquest of the Iberian Peninsula and Sicily, and during the period of the Atlantic slave trade. However, the remaining 35% of L mtDNAs form European-specific subclades, revealing that there was gene flow from sub-Saharan Africa toward Europe as early as 11,000 yr ago.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Genome Res</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Genome Res</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">GENOME</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Genome Research</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1088-9051</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1549-5469</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22454235</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3337428</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="medline">9518021</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1101/gr.134452.111</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Reconstructing ancient mitochondrial DNA links between Africa and Europe</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="left-running">Cerezo et al.</alt-title><alt-title alt-title-type="right-running">mtDNA links between Africa and Europe</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cerezo</surname><given-names>María</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Achilli</surname><given-names>Alessandro</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Olivieri</surname><given-names>Anna</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Perego</surname><given-names>Ugo A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gómez-Carballa</surname><given-names>Alberto</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brisighelli</surname><given-names>Francesca</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lancioni</surname><given-names>Hovirag</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Woodward</surname><given-names>Scott R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>López-Soto</surname><given-names>Manuel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Carracedo</surname><given-names>Ángel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Capelli</surname><given-names>Cristian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Torroni</surname><given-names>Antonio</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Salas</surname><given-names>Antonio</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1">7</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">8</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Facultade de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Galicia, Spain;</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;</aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label>Sorenson Molecular Genealogy Foundation, Salt Lake City, Utah 84115, USA;</aff><aff id="aff5"><label>5</label>Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom;</aff><aff id="aff6"><label>6</label>Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses, 41018 Sevilla, Spain</aff><author-notes><fn fn-type="equal" id="fn1"><label>7</label><p>These authors contributed equally to this work.</p></fn><corresp id="cor1"><label>8</label>Corresponding author. E-mail <email xlink:type="simple">antonio.salas@usc.es</email> .</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>5</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>821</fpage><lpage>826</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>7</day><month>11</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>29</day><month>2</month><year>2012</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.genome.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml">© 2012, Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</ext-link></copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><license license-type="creative-commons"><license-p>This article is distributed exclusively by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press for the first six months after the full-issue publication date (see <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://genome.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml">http://genome.cshlp.org/site/misc/terms.xhtml</ext-link>). After six months, it is available under a Creative Commons License (Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License), as described at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</ext-link>.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="821.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><p>Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages of macro-haplogroup L (excluding the derived L3 branches M and N) represent the majority of the typical sub-Saharan mtDNA variability. In Europe, these mtDNAs account for <1% of the total but, when analyzed at the level of control region, they show no signals of having evolved within the European continent, an observation that is compatible with a recent arrival from the African continent. To further evaluate this issue, we analyzed 69 mitochondrial genomes belonging to various L sublineages from a wide range of European populations. Phylogeographic analyses showed that ∼65% of the European L lineages most likely arrived in rather recent historical times, including the Romanization period, the Arab conquest of the Iberian Peninsula and Sicily, and during the period of the Atlantic slave trade. However, the remaining 35% of L mtDNAs form European-specific subclades, revealing that there was gene flow from sub-Saharan Africa toward Europe as early as 11,000 yr ago.</p></abstract></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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